The Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM, so, Dhaqdhaqaaqa Wadaniga Soomaaliyeed, ar, الحركة الوطنية الصومالية) is a

political party A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country's elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific political ideology ...

and

paramilitary A paramilitary is an organization whose structure, tactics, training, subculture, and (often) function are similar to those of a professional military, but is not part of a country's official or legitimate armed forces. Paramilitary units carr ...

organization in

Somalia Somalia, , Osmanya script: 𐒈𐒝𐒑𐒛𐒐𐒘𐒕𐒖; ar, الصومال, aṣ-Ṣūmāl officially the Federal Republic of SomaliaThe ''Federal Republic of Somalia'' is the country's name per Article 1 of thProvisional Constituti ...

, and a key faction in the

Somali Civil War The Somali Civil War ( so, Dagaalkii Sokeeye ee Soomaaliya; ar, الحرب الأهلية الصومالية ) is an ongoing civil war that is taking place in Somalia. It grew out of resistance to the Military dictatorship, military junta wh ...

.The Fall of Siad Barre and the Descent into Civil War
Nations Encyclopaedia Commanded originally Shukri Weyrah kaariye,

Ahmed Omar Jess Ahmad ( ar, أحمد, ʾAḥmad) is an Arabic male given name common in most parts of the Muslim world. Other spellings of the name include Ahmed and Ahmet. Etymology The word derives from the root (ḥ-m-d), from the Arabic (), from the ve ...

then by

Aden Abdullahi Nur Gabyow Aden Abdullahi Nur ( so, Aadan Cabdulaahi Nuur, ar, عدن عبد الله نور), also known as Aadan Gabyow was Somali politician and a military general in the Somali National Army. He served as Minister of Defence under President Siad Barre f ...

(a defence minister under former dictator

Mohamed Siad Barre Mohamed Siad Barre ( so, Maxamed Siyaad Barre, Osmanya script: ; ar, محمد سياد بري; c. 1910 – 2 January 1995) was a Somali head of state and general who served as the 3rd president of the Somali Democratic Republic from 1969 to 199 ...

), it was based in the southwestern area of the country, and had considerable influence in the leaderless country. Begun by a group of affected mainly Ogadeni or

Absame The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...

privates led by Colonel Shukri Weyrah Karie, and colonel Bashir Bililiqo, with an area of operations centered on the Jubaland region and the Kenyan border (mid and Lower Jubba). They were early allies of the UNC in operations against Siad Barre. A key accomplishment was the seizure of Bale-Dogle air base in the days prior to Barre's flight from Mogadishu.The Liberation Movements of Somalia
Jack L. Davies, 27 August 1994 However, after Barre's flight, when

Ali Mahdi Ali Mahdi Muhammad ( so, Cali Mahdi Maxamed, ar, علي مهدي محمد) (1 January 1939 – 10 March 2021) was a Somali entrepreneur and politician. He served as President of Somalia from 26 January 1991 to 3 January 1997. The Cairo Agreeme ...

Manifesto Group A manifesto is a published declaration of the intentions, motives, or views of the issuer, be it an individual, group, political party or government. A manifesto usually accepts a previously published opinion or public consensus or promotes a ...

announced the formation of an "interim government" without consulting SPM leadership, a crisis ensued. After fighting broke out between the Manifesto Group supporters and the SPM, the SPM was accused of suddenly reversing direction and allied itself with Barre, who was seeking to reestablish his regime. This reversal was angrily resisted by many of the original Ogadeni, who split off into their own faction. The SPM thus sundered into two tribal-oriented factions: * SPM

, or SPM-SNA, under

and Gedi Ugas Madhar * SPM

Harti Harti ( so, Harti, ar, هرتي), meaning "strong man", is a Somali clan family that is part of the Darod clan. The major sub-clans include the Majeerteen, Dhulbahante, Warsangali, Tinle, Maganlabe and Dishiishe, while other minor sub-clans ...

, under Aden Abdillahi Nur "Gabyow" (Himself from Ogaden

Absame clan The Darod ( so, Daarood, ar, دارود) is a Somali clan. The forefather of this clan was Sheikh Abdirahman bin Isma'il al-Jabarti, more commonly known as ''Darood''. The clan primarily settles the apex of the Horn of Africa and its peripherie ...

: Chairman) and General

Mohamed Siad Hersi "Morgan" Major General Mohammed Said Hersi Morgan ( so, Maxamed Siciid Xirsi Moorgan, ar, محمد سعيد حيرسي مورغان), also known as General Morgan or Colonel Morgan, is a Somali military and faction leader. He was the son-in-law of Siad ...

(Militia Commander) On August 12, 1992, the SPM mainly Absame faction joined General Aidid to form the

Somali National Alliance The Somali National Alliance (abbreviated SNA) was a political alliance formed on 16 June 1992 by four different rebel groups that had been in opposition to the regime of Somali President Siad Barre. They would represent one of the major faction ...

. The SPM fractured along tribal lines, and massacres and

ethnic cleansing Ethnic cleansing is the systematic forced removal of ethnic, racial, and religious groups from a given area, with the intent of making a region ethnically homogeneous. Along with direct removal, extermination, deportation or population transfer ...

began between the two rival factions, as well as their external enemies. In 1998, the SPM (Harti/Absame) under General "Morgan", based out of Kismayo, founded the autonomous state of

Jubbaland Jubaland ( so, Jubbaland, ar, , it, Oltregiuba), the Juba Valley ( so, Dooxada Jubba) or Azania ( so, Asaaniya, ar, ), is a Federal Member State in southern Somalia. Its eastern border lies east of the Jubba River, stretching from Gedo t ...

. They were strenuously opposed by the

Allied Somali Forces The Allied Somali Forces (ASF) was a political faction of the Somali Civil War. It was the primary opponent of the Margans Malitia for the control of Kismayo and the Juba River valley, the area known as Jubaland. Following the breakdown of ce ...

, which later became the

Jubba Valley Alliance The Juba Valley Alliance (JVA; Somali: ''Isbahaysiga Dooxada Jubba'') is a political faction of the Somali Civil War. It was the primary opponent of the Somali Patriotic Movement (SPM) and the Somali Reconciliation and Restoration Council (SRRC) ...

. The SPM and ASF/JVA contended over the control of south Somalia until the JVA proved victorious, driving General "Morgan" into exile.

External links

Aden Abdullahi Nur Gabyow

References

Political parties in Somalia Political parties established in 1989 Factions in the Somali Civil War 1989 establishments in Somalia {{Paramilitary-org-stub

See also

External links

References