SOLRAD (SOLar RADiation) 6 (also called SOLRAD 6A) was the sixth solar X-ray monitoring satellite in the

United States Navy The United States Navy (USN) is the maritime service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the eight uniformed services of the United States. It is the largest and most powerful navy in the world, with the estimated tonnage ...

SOLRAD SOLRAD (short for "SOLar RADiation," sometimes presented as "SOLRAD") was an American series of satellites sponsored by the US Navy in a program to continuously monitor the Sun. SOLRAD was the Naval Research Laboratory's first post-Vanguard satelli ...

series, the third in the series to successfully orbit. It was launched along with POPPY 2, an

ELINT Signals intelligence (SIGINT) is intelligence-gathering by interception of ''signals'', whether communications between people (communications intelligence—abbreviated to COMINT) or from electronic signals not directly used in communication ( ...

surveillance package, as well as three other satellites, boosted into orbit via a Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D rocket on June 15, 1963.

Background

The SOLRAD science satellite program was conceived in 1958 to observe the Sun in the X-ray spectrum. It was quickly combined, to provide civilian cover (launches being unclassified at that time), with the concurrently conceived

United States Naval Research Laboratory The United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) is the corporate research laboratory for the United States Navy and the United States Marine Corps. It was founded in 1923 and conducts basic scientific research, applied research, technological ...

's GRAB satellite project, which would collect information on foreign radars and communications installations. There were five SOLRAD/GRAB missions between 1960 and 1962, with the scientific SOLRAD experiments sharing satellite space with GRAB's intelligence payload. Two of the missions were successful. In 1962, all U.S. overhead reconnaissance projects were consolidated under the

National Reconnaissance Office The National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) is a member of the United States Intelligence Community and an agency of the United States Department of Defense which designs, builds, launches, and operates the reconnaissance satellites of the U.S. f ...

(NRO), which elected to continue and expand the GRAB mission starting July 1962 with a next-generation set of satellites, code-named POPPY. With the initiation of POPPY, SOLRAD experiments would no longer be carried on electronic spy satellites; rather, they would now get their own satellites, launched alongside POPPY missions to provide some measure of mission cover. The first POPPY mission was launched on December 13, 1962, along with several other satellites on a mission similar to that of

SOLRAD 3 SOLRAD (SOLar RADiation) 3 was a solar X-ray satellite, the third in the SOLRAD program. Developed by the United States Navy's Naval Research Laboratory (USNRL), it shared satellite space with and provided cover for the Navy's GRAB 2 (Galac ...

, complete with an Injun (satellite) ionospheric research satellite. The mission was successful, despite POPPY 1's elliptical (rather than the planned circular) orbit, and data was returned for 28 months. No SOLRAD was launched concurrent with this first POPPY mission. Poppy-1_launch_on_Thor_Agena-D_at_Vandenberg_AFB_1962

Poppy-1_launch_on_Thor_Agena-D_at_Vandenberg_AFB_1962

Spacecraft

SOLRAD 6 (also called SOLRAD 6A) was larger than its SOLRAD/GRAB predecessors: 24 inches in diameter (from 20) and with a nine-inch equatorial band giving the craft an elongated rather than spherical form. The satellite was equipped with six X-ray detecting ion chambers, two more than its predecessors, covering the ranges of 0.1-1.6 Å, .5-3Å, 2-6Å, 2-8Å, 8-16Å, and 44-60Å.

Mission and results

Launched on June 15, 1963 (COSPAR 1963-021C) via a Thor Augmented Delta-Agena D rocket from

Vandenberg AFB Vandenberg Space Force Base , previously Vandenberg Air Force Base, is a United States Space Force Base in Santa Barbara County, California. Established in 1941, Vandenberg Space Force Base is a space launch base, launching spacecraft from th ...

with four other satellites, SOLRAD 6 was placed into an incorrect elliptical orbit, its perigee so low that the atmosphere soon caused the satellite to decay from orbit on July 31, 1963. Because of its short orbital lifetime, SOLRAD 6 returned relatively little data. Moreover, the Sun was very quiet during the satellite's six weeks of operation, and the four Lyman-Alpha photometers capable of registering X-ray emissions with wavelengths shorter than 8Å reported no results. No scientific data were ever published from SOLRAD 6's measurements, and the strip chart recordings of them were no longer available as of 1991.

References

{{Orbital launches in 1963 1963 in spaceflight Spacecraft launched in 1963 Satellites of the United States