Solomon Pappenheim (, ; 2 February 1740 – 4 or 5 March 1814), also known by the

acronym An acronym is a word or name formed from the initial components of a longer name or phrase. Acronyms are usually formed from the initial letters of words, as in ''NATO'' (''North Atlantic Treaty Organization''), but sometimes use syllables, as ...

Rashap (), was a German ''

Maskil The ''Haskalah'', often termed Jewish Enlightenment ( he, השכלה; literally, "wisdom", "erudition" or "education"), was an intellectual movement among the Jews of Central and Eastern Europe, with a certain influence on those in Western Eur ...

'', linguist, and poet. He is best known for his three-part study of

Hebrew Hebrew (; ; ) is a Northwest Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Historically, it is one of the spoken languages of the Israelites and their longest-surviving descendants, the Jews and Samaritans. It was largely preserved ...

synonym A synonym is a word, morpheme, or phrase that means exactly or nearly the same as another word, morpheme, or phrase in a given language. For example, in the English language, the words ''begin'', ''start'', ''commence'', and ''initiate'' are all ...

s entitled ''Yeri'ot Shelomoh''.

Biography

Solomon Pappenheim was born into a

rabbi A rabbi () is a spiritual leader or religious teacher in Judaism. One becomes a rabbi by being ordained by another rabbi – known as ''semikha'' – following a course of study of Jewish history and texts such as the Talmud. The basic form of ...

nic family in Zülz,

Silesia Silesia (, also , ) is a historical region of Central Europe that lies mostly within Poland, with small parts in the Czech Republic and Germany. Its area is approximately , and the population is estimated at around 8,000,000. Silesia is split ...

, the son of '' dayan'' Seligmann Pappenheim. He received a traditional education, and served as rabbi of the Jewish community in Lublinitz before himself becoming ''dayan'' at Breslau. He died in Breslau at the age of 74. On his gravestone was inscribed in Hebrew ''Ein zeh kever ach aron kodesh'' ('This is not a grave but a

Holy Ark A Torah ark (also known as the ''Heikhal'', or the ''Aron Kodesh'') refers to an ornamental chamber in the synagogue that houses the Torah scrolls. History The ark, also known as the ''ark of law'', or in Hebrew the ''Aron Kodesh'' or ''aron ha- ...

').

Work

Pappenheim composed a

satire Satire is a genre of the visual, literary, and performing arts, usually in the form of fiction and less frequently non-fiction, in which vices, follies, abuses, and shortcomings are held up to ridicule, often with the intent of shaming ...

against

Jonathan Eybeschutz Rav Yonatan Eybeschütz (רבי יהונתן אייבשיץ) (also Eibeschutz or Eibeschitz; 1690 1764) was a Talmudist, Halachist, Kabbalist, holding positions as Dayan of Prague, and later as Rabbi of the "Three Communities": Altona, Hambur ...

entitled ''Elonei memre ve-kiryat arba'' (1761) amid the dispute between the latter and

Jacob Emden Jacob Emden, also known as Ya'avetz (June 4, 1697 April 19, 1776), was a leading German rabbi and talmudist who championed Orthodox Judaism in the face of the growing influence of the Sabbatean movement. He was acclaimed in all circles for his ...

. During the controversy on the subject of early burial he wrote several works in German favoring the practise among Jews: ''Die frühe Beerdigung bei den Juden'' (1795), ''Die Nothwendigkeit der frühen Beerdigung'' (1797), and ''Deduction Seiner Apologie für die frühe Beerdigung'' (1798). Against

David Friedländer David Friedländer (sometimes spelled Friedlander; 16 December 1750, Königsberg – 25 December 1834, Berlin) was a German banker, writer and communal leader. Life Friedländer settled in Berlin in 1771. As the son-in-law of the rich banker D ...

's views he wrote ''Freymüthige Erklärung über die erst jüngst rege gewordene Kritik des Gottesdienstes der Juden und deren Erziehung der Jugend'' (1813), in which he holds up to his nation various abuses within and without the Synagogue, declaring the need for "a convention of sensible rabbis for the purpose of remedying these abuses." Pappenheim is especially known for his book on Hebrew

s and the

philosophy of space and time Philosophy of space and time is the branch of philosophy concerned with the issues surrounding the ontology and epistemology of space and time. While such ideas have been central to philosophy from its inception, the philosophy of space and time wa ...

, which appeared in three parts under the title ''Yeri'ot Shelomoh''. The first and third were published in

Dyhernfurth Brzeg Dolny (german: Dyhernfurth) is a town in Wołów County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship in south-western Poland. It is located north-west of Wrocław on the Oder River, and is the site of a large chemical plant complex, PCC Rokita SA. As of ...

in 1784 and 1811, respectively, while the second was published posthumously in

Rödelheim Rödelheim is a quarter of Frankfurt am Main, Germany. It is part of the ''Ortsbezirk Mitte-West'' and is subdivided into the ''Stadtbezirke'' Rödelheim-Ost and Rödelheim-West. There are a number of celebrities who have established their base ...

in 1831. A fourth part remained unprinted. After losing his wife and three children in a short time, he wrote his ''Aggadat arba kosot'', an imitation of

Edward Young Edward Young (c. 3 July 1683 – 5 April 1765) was an English poet, best remembered for ''Night-Thoughts'', a series of philosophical writings in blank verse, reflecting his state of mind following several bereavements. It was one of the mos ...

's ''

Night-Thoughts ''The Complaint: or, Night-Thoughts on Life, Death, & Immortality'', better known simply as ''Night-Thoughts'', is a long poem by Edward Young published in nine parts (or "nights") between 1742 and 1745. It was illustrated with notable engrav ...

'' in poetic prose (Berlin, 1790; Zolkiev, 1805; Vienna, 1809; with additions by M. Lemans, Amsterdam, 1817). The melancholic reflection on death and immortality survived many editions, and was translated into German by I. Wilheimer. It would go on to influence the poetry of Avraham Dov Ber and

Micah Joseph Lebensohn Micah Joseph Lebensohn (; (2 February 1828 – 17 February 1852), also known by the pen name Mikhal (), was one of the foremost poets and translators of the Haskalah in Vilna. He is best known for his innovative narrative Biblical romances a ...

. Pappenheim's philosophical treatises include ''Beiträge zur Berichtigung der Beweise vom Dasein Gottes aus der Reinen Vernunft'' (1794) and ''Abermaliger Versuch über den Ontologischen Beweis vom Dasein Gottes'' (1800). Of his Hebrew

lexicon A lexicon is the vocabulary of a language or branch of knowledge (such as nautical or medical). In linguistics, a lexicon is a language's inventory of lexemes. The word ''lexicon'' derives from Koine Greek language, Greek word (), neuter of () ...

''Ḥeshek Shelomoh'' only one number, on the

particles In the physical sciences, a particle (or corpuscule in older texts) is a small localized object which can be described by several physical or chemical properties, such as volume, density, or mass. They vary greatly in size or quantity, from su ...

, appeared (1802). ''Ge'ullat Mitzrayim; Über die Erlösung aus Aegypten als Grundstein des Gesetzes'' was printed after his death by Hirsch Sachs (1815).

Partial bibliography

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References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Pappenheim, Solomon 1740 births 1814 deaths 18th-century German Jewish theologians 18th-century German male writers 18th-century German poets 18th-century German rabbis 19th-century Jewish theologians 19th-century German male writers 19th-century German poets 19th-century German rabbis 19th-century lexicographers German satirists Grammarians of Hebrew Hebrew-language poets Jewish German writers Jewish lexicographers Jewish poets People from Prudnik County Silesian Jews Writers from Wrocław