''Solidago juncea'', the early goldenrod, plume golden-rod, or yellow top, is a North American species of

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial plants of the family Asteraceae native to eastern and central Canada and eastern and central United States. It grows from Nova Scotia west to Manitoba and Minnesota south as far as northern Georgia and northern Arkansas, with a few isolated populations in Louisiana and

Oklahoma Oklahoma (; Choctaw language, Choctaw: ; chr, ᎣᎧᎳᎰᎹ, ''Okalahoma'' ) is a U.S. state, state in the South Central United States, South Central region of the United States, bordered by Texas on the south and west, Kansas on the nor ...

. ''Solidago juncea'' is a perennial herb up to 120 cm (4 feet) tall, spreading by means of underground

rhizomes In botany and dendrology, a rhizome (; , ) is a modified subterranean plant stem that sends out roots and shoots from its nodes. Rhizomes are also called creeping rootstalks or just rootstalks. Rhizomes develop from axillary buds and grow hori ...

. Leaves around the base of the plant can be as much as 30 cm (1 foot) long, the leaves getting smaller higher on the stem. One plant can produce as many as 450 small yellow

flower heads A pseudanthium (Greek for "false flower"; ) is an inflorescence that resembles a flower. The word is sometimes used for other structures that are neither a true flower nor a true inflorescence. Examples of pseudanthia include flower heads, compos ...

in a large, showy array. ''Solidago juncea'' is often grown in gardens as an ornamental.Missouri Botanical Garden Gardening Help: ''Solidago juncea''
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Galls

This species is host to the following insect induced galls: * ''

Asphondylia monacha ''Asphondylia monacha'' is a species of gall midge Cecidomyiidae is a family of flies known as gall midges or gall gnats. As the name implies, the larvae of most gall midges feed within plant tissue, creating abnormal plant growths called ...

'' Osten Sacken, 1869 (summer generation) * '' Asphondylia s-odora-bud-rosette'' * '' Asteromyia carbonifera'' (Osten Sacken, 1862) * ''

Epiblema scudderiana ''Epiblema scudderiana'', the goldenrod gall moth, is a species of tortricid moth in the family Tortricidae. As their common name suggests, they do feed on and form galls on goldenrod stems. To overwinter the caterpillars line the inside of their ...

'' (Clemens, 1860) * ''

Eurosta comma ''Eurosta comma'' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus ''Eurosta'' of the family Tephritidae. Distribution United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or ...

'' (Wiedemann, 1830) * ''

Eurosta cribrata ''Eurosta cribrata'' is a species of tephritid or fruit flies in the genus ''Eurosta'' of the family Tephritidae. Distribution Canada, United States The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. ...

'' (Wulp, 1867) * '' Gnorimoschema gallaesolidaginis'' (Fitch, 1855) * '' Gnorimoschema salinaris'' Busck, 1911 * '' Rhopalomyia bulbula'' Felt, 1908 * '' Rhopalomyia gina'' Dorchin * '' Rhopalomyia hirtipes'' (Osten Sacken, 1862)
external link to gallformers

References

External links

*
Photo of herbarium specimen at Missouri Botanical Garden, collected in Missouri in 1990
Flora of Canada Plants described in 1789 Flora of the United States juncea {{Solidago-stub