''Solanum lanceolatum'', with the common names orangeberry nightshade and lanceleaf nightshade, is a

species In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate s ...

nightshade The Solanaceae , or nightshades, are a family of flowering plants that ranges from annual and perennial herbs to vines, lianas, epiphytes, shrubs, and trees, and includes a number of agricultural crops, medicinal plants, spices, weeds, and orna ...

. It is native to regions of

South America South America is a continent entirely in the Western Hemisphere and mostly in the Southern Hemisphere, with a relatively small portion in the Northern Hemisphere at the northern tip of the continent. It can also be described as the southe ...

, including the Cerrado ecoregion of the Tropical and subtropical grasslands, savannas, and shrublands

biome A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader ...

, primarily in

Brazil Brazil ( pt, Brasil; ), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: ), is the largest country in both South America and Latin America. At and with over 217 million people, Brazil is the world's fifth-largest country by area ...

. The flowers of ''Solanum lanceolatum'' are light purple. All parts of the plants are toxic if eaten, including its fruit.

Taxonomy

Former subspecies

In the past this plant was variously considered a variety of other ''Solanum'' species. It was included in '' Solanum glutinosum'' as var. ''irazuense'' by Kuntze (note that there was also a ''S. irazuense'', which is the same as ''

Solanum pubigerum ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae ...

''. It was included in ''

Solanum corymbosum ''Solanum'' is a large and diverse genus of flowering plants, which include three food crops of high economic importance: the potato, the tomato and the eggplant (aubergine, brinjal). It is the largest genus in the nightshade family Solanaceae ...

'' of von Jacquin (a valid species), and in ''S. hernandesii'' (which is currently '' Solanum ferrugineum'') as var. ''corymbosum'' by Dunal – not to be confused with the ''S. corymbosum'' of Wight based on Nees (which is the same as the ''

nomen nudum In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate descr ...

'' ''S. vagum'' of B. Heyne, based on N. Wallich). Like many nightshade species, it was also included in ''

Solanum torvum ''Solanum torvum'', the turkey berry, devil's fig, pea eggplant, platebrush or susumber, is a bushy, erect and spiny perennial plant used horticulturally as a rootstock for eggplant. Grafted plants are very vigorous and tolerate diseases affe ...

'', in its case by

Otto Sendtner Otto Sendtner (27 June 1813 – 21 April 1859) was a German botanist and phytogeography, phytogeographer born in Munich. He received his education at the University of Munich, where he was a student of Karl Friedrich Schimper (1803–1867). Aft ...

as var. ''schiedeanum''.Solanaceae Source

008 008, OO8, O08, or 0O8 may refer to: * The Streetwear Brand @008us , inspired by Ian Fleming & Virgil Abloh *"030", the fictional 030 Agent of MI6 * '' 038: Operation Exterminate'', a 1965 Italian action film * '' Explosivo 030'' a 1940 Argentine c ...

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Former synonyms

There are also a number of now-invalid names where the orangeberry nightshade was considered a distinct species. Many of these are also homonyms of other ''Solanum'' taxa: * ''Solanum amictum'' Dunal :''S. amictum'' var. ''fructipendulum'' is ''Solanum rudepannum, S. rudepannum''. * ''Solanum bifidum'' Sessé & Moc. (''non'' Dunal in DC.: preoccupied) :The ''S. bifidum'' described by Dunal in de Candolle is ''Solanum lepidotum, S. lepidotum''. That described by José Mariano de Conceição Vellozo, de Conceição Vellozo from Dunal in DC. is ''Solanum subumbellatum, S. subumbellatum''. * ''Solanum canescens'' Pav. ex Dunal (''non'' Blume: preoccupied) :''S. canescens'' as described by Blume is an undetermined species. The ''S. canescens'' of Louis Claude Richard, L.C. Richard based on Dunal in de Candolle is the ''Solanum asperum, S. asperum'' of L.C. Richard. That described by Pál Kitaibel, Kitaibel is ''Solanum villosum, S. villosum'' of Philip Miller. * ''Solanum cinerascens'' Pav. ex Dunal * ''Solanum cymosum'' Ortega :The ''S. cymosum'' described by Banks from Dunal in de Candolle is ''Solanum viridifolium, S. viridifolium''. The one described by Ruiz & Pavón Jiménez is ''Solanum corymbosum, S. corymbosum'' of von Jacquin. * ''Solanum densiflorum'' M.Martens & Galeotti :As described by Otto Sendtner in Carl Friedrich Philipp von Martius, von Martius, ''S. densiflorum'' refers to ''Solanum piluliferum, S. piluliferum''. As described by Dunal in de Candolle, it refers to the indeterminable ''S. athroanthum''. * ''Solanum floccosum'' M.Martens & Galeotti (''non'' Zipp. ex Span.: preoccupied) :''S. floccosum'' Zipp. ex Span. is an undetermined species. As described by Dunal in de Candolle it refers to ''Solanum pachimatium, S. pachimatium''. * ''Solanum hartwegii'' Benth. * ''Solanum inaequale'' Hornem. :''S. inaequale'' of de Conceição Vellozo is ''Solanum pseudoquina, S. pseudoquina''. The one described by C. Presl is ''Solanum lanceifolium, S. lanceifolium'' of von Jacquin. * ''Solanum lambertii'' Dunal * ''Solanum lanceolatum'' var. ''sinuatum'' Dunal * ''Solanum leiboldianum'' Dunal * ''Solanum macrophyllum'' Hort. ex Dunal * ''Solanum mexicanum'' Dunal * ''Solanum mexicanum'' var. ''albiflorum'' Dunal :The ''S. mexicanum'' described by Carl Ludwig Willdenow, Willdenow from Johann Jacob Roemer, J.J. Roemer & Josef August Schultes, J.A. Schultes is ''Solanum pubigerum, S. pubigerum''. The one described by Sessé & José Mariano Mociño, Mociño is ''Solanum bulbocastanum, S. bulbocastanum''. * ''Solanum schiedeanum'' Schltdl. * ''Solanum vellereum'' Schltdl.

Other nomenclature

The taxon ''S. lanceolatum'' had also been used for other ''Solanum'' species in error. As used by Ruiz & José Antonio Pavón Jiménez, Pavón Jiménez, it refers to ''Solanum ruizii''. The ''S. lanceolatum'' of Berthault is ''Solanum cardiophyllum'' as described by John Lindley.

Cultivation — invasive species

''Solanum lanceolatum'' is cultivated as an ornamental plant. It was introduced to California as a garden plant, but has naturalized and ranked a noxious weed there.

References

Footnotes

br>''Solanum lanceolatum''
Retrieved 2008-SEP-27.

External links

Solanum, lanceolatum Flora of Brazil Flora of southern South America Flora of the Cerrado Flora of the Atlantic Forest Taxa named by Antonio José Cavanilles {{Solanales-stub