, nickname = id, Kota Santri
en, City of Learners
, image_map = Map of West Java highlighting Sukabumi City.svg
, map_caption = Location within
West Java
West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...
, mapsize =
, pushpin_map = Indonesia_Java#Indonesia
, pushpin_label = Sukabumi City
, pushpin_label_position = right
, pushpin_map_caption = Location in
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...
and
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, coordinates =
, coor_pinpoint =
, coordinates_footnotes =
, subdivision_type =
Country
A country is a distinct part of the world, such as a state, nation, or other political entity. It may be a sovereign state or make up one part of a larger state. For example, the country of Japan is an independent, sovereign state, while ...
, subdivision_name =
, subdivision_type2 =
Province
A province is almost always an administrative division within a country or state. The term derives from the ancient Roman '' provincia'', which was the major territorial and administrative unit of the Roman Empire's territorial possessions ou ...
, subdivision_name2 =
----
, subdivision_type3 =
Historic residency
, subdivision_name3 =
Priangan Residency
Preanger Regencies Residency ( nl, Residentie Preanger-Regentschappen), sometimes referred to as Preanger Residency and renamed Priangan Residency after 1931, was an administrative division (residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in Parahyang ...
Buitenzorg Residency
, established_title = Settled
, established_date = 1709
, established_title1 = Consolidated
, established_date1 = 1 April 1914
(as ''Gemeente
As of 24 March 2022, there are 344 municipalities ( nl, gemeenten) and three special municipalities () in the Netherlands. The latter is the status of three of the six island territories that make up the Dutch Caribbean. Municipalities are the ...
Soekaboemi'')
, government_footnotes =
, government_type =
, governing_body = Sukabumi City Government
, leader_title = Mayor
, leader_name = Achmad Fahmi
, leader_title1 = Vice Mayor
, leader_name1 = Andri Setiawan Hamami
, total_type = Total
, unit_pref = Metric
, area_footnotes =
, area_total_km2 = 48.33
, area_land_km2 =
, area_water_km2 = 4.815
, area_metro_km2 =
, elevation_footnotes =
, elevation_m = 584
, elevation_ft =
, population_footnotes =
, population_rank =
37th, Indonesia
, population_density_km2 = auto
, population_total = 350804
, population_as_of = mid 2021 estimate
, population_demonym = Sukabumian
Warga Sukabumi
( id)Urang Sukabumi
( su)
, timezone1 =
Indonesia Western Time
, utc_offset1 = +7
, timezone1_DST =
, utc_offset1_DST =
, postal_code_type =
Postcodes
A postal code (also known locally in various English-speaking countries throughout the world as a postcode, post code, PIN or ZIP Code) is a series of letters or digits or both, sometimes including spaces or punctuation, included in a postal ...
, postal_code = 431xx
, area_code_type =
Area code
, area_code = (+62)266
, registration_plate_type =
Registration plate
A vehicle registration plate, also known as a number plate (British English), license plate (American English), or licence plate ( Canadian English), is a metal or plastic plate attached to a motor vehicle or trailer for official identificat ...
, registration_plate = F
, blank_name_sec1 =
HDI
The Human Development Index (HDI) is a statistic composite index of life expectancy, education (mean years of schooling completed and expected years of schooling upon entering the education system), and per capita income indicators, wh ...
, blank_info_sec1 = 0.742 ()
, blank_name_sec2 = Largest
district
A district is a type of administrative division that, in some countries, is managed by the local government. Across the world, areas known as "districts" vary greatly in size, spanning regions or county, counties, several municipality, municipa ...
by area
, blank_info_sec2 = Lembursitu –
, blank1_name_sec2 = Largest district by population
, blank1_info_sec2 = Cikole (61,885 – 2020 Census)
, website =
Sukabumi ( su, ) is a landlocked city surrounded by the
regency of the same name (
enclave) in the southern foothills of
Mount Gede
Mount Gede or Gunung Gede (''Big Mountain'' in Sundanese) is a stratovolcano in West Java, Indonesia. The volcano contains two peaks with Mount Gede as one peak and Mount Pangrango for the other one. Three major cities, Cianjur, Sukabumi and Bog ...
, in
West Java
West Java ( id, Jawa Barat, su, ᮏᮝ ᮊᮥᮜᮧᮔ᮪, romanized ''Jawa Kulon'') is a province of Indonesia on the western part of the island of Java, with its provincial capital in Bandung. West Java is bordered by the province of Banten ...
,
Indonesia
Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...
, about south of the national capital,
Jakarta.
At an altitude of approximately , the city is a minor
hill station resort, with a cooler climate than the surrounding lowlands. The area around Sukabumi is also a popular destination for
whitewater rafting
Rafting and whitewater rafting are recreational outdoor activities which use an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other body of water. This is often done on whitewater or different degrees of rough water. Dealing with risk is often a ...
.
Tea
Tea is an aromatic beverage prepared by pouring hot or boiling water over cured or fresh leaves of ''Camellia sinensis'', an evergreen shrub native to East Asia which probably originated in the borderlands of southwestern China and north ...
and
Rubber
Rubber, also called India rubber, latex, Amazonian rubber, ''caucho'', or ''caoutchouc'', as initially produced, consists of polymers of the organic compound isoprene, with minor impurities of other organic compounds. Thailand, Malaysia, an ...
production is a major industry in the area. The suburban area surrounding Sukabumi circling the mountain has grown tremendously in population, such that northern
Sukabumi Regency, hugging the volcano, and bordering
Greater Jakarta
The Jakarta metropolitan area or Greater Jakarta, known locally as Jabodetabek (an acronym of Jakarta– Bogor–Depok–Tangerang–Bekasi), and sometimes extended to Jabodetabekjur (with the acronym extended to include part of Cianjur Regenc ...
, is home to the bulk of the
regency
A regent (from Latin : ruling, governing) is a person appointed to govern a state '' pro tempore'' (Latin: 'for the time being') because the monarch is a minor, absent, incapacitated or unable to discharge the powers and duties of the monarchy ...
's population.
The area of the city is 48.33 km
2, and the population at the 2010 Census was 300,359, while the 2020 Census was 346,325; the official estimate as at mid 2021 was 350,804. However, some 1.8 million people, as of the 2010 census figures, live in the surrounding metropolitan area. The bulk of the metro area population is unusual in that it forms a narrow southwest ring around Mount Gede. The eastern portion of the ringed population belt continues on to
Cianjur Regency
Cianjur Regency is a regency ''(kabupaten)'' of West Java, Indonesia. The area of the regency is 3,614.35 km2 and its population at the 2010 Census was 2,171,281; the 2020 Census produced a total of 2,477,560 and the official estimate as at m ...
.
History
Early history
The area around Sukabumi was already inhabited at least in the 11th century. The first written record found in this area was the
Sanghyang Tapak inscription
The Sanghyang Tapak inscription (also known as Jayabupati inscription or Cicatih inscription) is an ancient inscription dated from 952 saka (1030 CE), consist of 40 lines requiring 4 piece of stone to write on. The inscription mentioned about ...
in Cibadak, 20 km west of the city. Written in
Kawi script
The Kawi or or Old Javanese script is a Brahmic script found primarily in Java and used across much of Maritime Southeast Asia between the 8th century and the 16th century.Aditya Bayu Perdana and Ilham Nurwansah 2020Proposal to encode Kawi/ ...
, the stone tells about the prohibition of fishing activity in the nearby river by the authorities of the
Sunda Kingdom
The Sunda Kingdom ( su, , Karajaan Sunda, ) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Centr ...
.
At the end of the 16th century, the area was captured by the
Banten Sultanate
The Banten Sultanate (كسلطانن بنتن) was a Bantenese Islamic trading kingdom founded in the 16th century and centred in Banten, a port city on the northwest coast of Java; the contemporary English name of both was Bantam. It is sai ...
, after the fall of the
Sunda Kingdom
The Sunda Kingdom ( su, , Karajaan Sunda, ) was a Sundanese Hindu kingdom located in the western portion of the island of Java from 669 to around 1579, covering the area of present-day Banten, Jakarta, West Java, and the western part of Centr ...
. The area however became contested in the 1620s between Banten, the
Mataram Sultanate in the east and the
Batavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
-based
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
. After a series of military clashes between them, the area was included in a buffer zone territory between Banten and Mataram, although the area is considered ''de jure'' as a part of Mataram.
In 1677, after the Dutch forced Mataram to sign a series of unequal treaties as a consequence of Dutch assistance for quelling the
Trunajaya rebellion
The Trunajaya rebellion (also spelled Trunojoyo; id, Pemberontakan Trunajaya) or Trunajaya War was the ultimately unsuccessful rebellion waged by the Madurese prince Trunajaya and fighters from Makassar against the Mataram Sultanate and its ...
, Sukabumi came under direct control of
Tjiandjoer.
By that time, there were only few rural Sundanese settlements existed, one of the largest was Tjikole.
Colonial Sukabumi
Sukabumi Coffee Plantations
The area around the present-day Sukabumi (or Soekaboemi in
Van Ophuijsen Spelling System
The Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was used as the orthography for the Indonesian language from 1901 to 1947. Before the Van Ophuijsen Spelling System was in force, the Malay language (and consequently Indonesian) in the Dutch East Indies (now I ...
) began to develop in the 18th century when the
Dutch East India Company
The United East India Company ( nl, Verenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the VOC) was a chartered company established on the 20th March 1602 by the States General of the Netherlands amalgamating existing companies into the first joint-stock ...
started to open coffee plantation areas in the western
Priangan
Parahyangan ( su, ᮕᮛᮠᮡᮀᮠᮔ᮪; Bantenese: Priangan; Dutch: Preanger) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one sixth of Java, it is the heartla ...
region of
Java
Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's mos ...
. Due to the high demands of coffee in Europe, in the year of 1709 the
Dutch governor-general Abraham van Riebeeck
Abraham van Riebeeck (; 18 October 1653 – 17 November 1713) was a merchant with the Dutch East India Company and the Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1709 to 1713.
Biography
Abraham van Riebeeck was born on 18 October 1653 in th ...
started to open coffee plantations around the area of Tjibalagoeng (present-day
Bogor),
Tjiandjoer, Djogdjogan, Pondok Kopo, and Goenoeng Goeroeh. Coffee plantations in these five areas had then undergone expansion and intensification during the era of
Hendrick Zwaardecroon
Hendrick or Henricus Zwaardecroon (26 January 1667 – 12 August 1728) was Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies from 1718 until 1725.
Early career
Zwaardecroon left for the East Indies as a midshipman aboard the ''Purmer'' in December 1684 ...
(1718–1725), where the Tjiandjoer regent at that time
Wira Tanoe III acquired territorial expansion of
his regency as a compensation for more coffee plantations openings.
The growth of Goenoeng Goeroeh coffee plantation led to the establishment of small settlements around its area, one of those was the Tjikole (Cikole) hamlet, named after the nearby Tjikole River. In 1776, regent of Tjiandjoer Wira Tanoe Datar VI established the Tjikole Viceregency which were the indirect predecessor of the present-day Sukabumi Regency. The viceregency consisted of six districts of Djampang Koelon, Djampang Tengah, Goenoeng Parang, Tjiheoelang, Tjimahi, and Tjitjoeroeg. The administrative center was located in Tjikole, due to its very strategic locations for communications between
Batavia
Batavia may refer to:
Historical places
* Batavia (region), a land inhabited by the Batavian people during the Roman Empire, today part of the Netherlands
* Batavia, Dutch East Indies, present-day Jakarta, the former capital of the Dutch East In ...
and Tjiandjoer which were the capital of the
Priangan Residency
Preanger Regencies Residency ( nl, Residentie Preanger-Regentschappen), sometimes referred to as Preanger Residency and renamed Priangan Residency after 1931, was an administrative division (residency) of the Dutch East Indies located in Parahyang ...
at that time.
Tjikole becomes Soekaboemi
After the Dutch East Indies were under the rule of the
British
British may refer to:
Peoples, culture, and language
* British people, nationals or natives of the United Kingdom, British Overseas Territories, and Crown Dependencies.
** Britishness, the British identity and common culture
* British English, ...
in 1811, vast lands in the Tjikole area were bought by
Stamford Raffles
Sir Thomas Stamford Bingley Raffles (5 July 1781 – 5 July 1826) was a British statesman who served as the Lieutenant-Governor of the Dutch East Indies between 1811 and 1816, and Lieutenant-Governor of Bencoolen between 1818 and 1824. He is ...
, the
Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies at that time, via an auction held in Batavia. The name Soekaboemi was first used on 1815, when a Priangan-based plantation owner (known then as ''Preanger Planter'') and surgeon,
Andries de Wilde visited Tjikole in 1814. From his consultations with local people, De Wilde wrote a letter to Nicolaus Engelhard, a friend and plantation investor, where de Wilde asked Engelhard to propose a
name change of the viceregency from Tjikole to Soekaboemi, to which Raffles agreed.
In Dutch colonial times, Sukabumi was the site of ''Politieschool'', the colonial police academy. During the
Japanese occupation of Indonesia during the
Second World War
World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposi ...
, the Japanese had created a strategic garrison in
Ujung Genteng, part of the South
Sukabumi Regency. Remains of the harbor and lookout towers at the end of this peninsula are still in place, along with the caves that the Japanese lived and died in towards the end of the war.
Ujung Genteng is directly North of
Christmas Island
Christmas Island, officially the Territory of Christmas Island, is an Australian external territory comprising the island of the same name. It is located in the Indian Ocean, around south of Java and Sumatra and around north-west of the ...
and
Australia and would have made an excellent point of defense or attack, without official records to substantiate this, it is presumed that they had their sights on Christmas Island and a close link to Australia.
Present day
In early 2005,
Sukabumi Regency became the first place in Indonesia that
polio
Poliomyelitis, commonly shortened to polio, is an infectious disease caused by the poliovirus. Approximately 70% of cases are asymptomatic; mild symptoms which can occur include sore throat and fever; in a proportion of cases more severe s ...
was reported in ten years, the beginning of a nationwide outbreak of the disease which had been believed to be eradicated in the country.
Government and politics
Administrative districts
The city of Sukabumi is divided into seven
districts (''kecamatan''), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and the 2020 Census, together with the official estimates as of 2021.
Map of Sukabumi (en).svg, Administrative map of Sukabumi
Locator kota sukabumi.png, Sukabumi city is located in the western Parahyangan
Parahyangan ( su, ᮕᮛᮠᮡᮀᮠᮔ᮪; Bantenese: Priangan; Dutch: Preanger) is a cultural and mountainous region in West Java province on the Indonesian island of Java. Covering a little less than one sixth of Java, it is the heartla ...
region, surrounded by Sukabumi Regency in West Java province
Climate
Sukabumi has an elevation moderated
tropical rainforest climate
A tropical rainforest climate, humid tropical climate or equatorial climate is a tropical climate sub-type usually found within 10 to 15 degrees latitude of the equator. There are some other areas at higher latitudes, such as the coast of southea ...
(Af) with moderate rainfall from July to September and heavy rainfall in the remaining months.
Transportation
After almost one year of hiatus, the railway transport between Sukabumi and
Bogor of 57 kilometers was reactivated, with the new train called 'Pangrango' on 9 November 2013. The train has one executive-class car and three economy-class cars.
Bogor-Ciawi–Sukabumi Toll Road is under construction that will connect
Bogor Regency
Bogor Regency (Indonesian: ''Kabupaten Bogor'') is a landlocked regency (''kabupaten'') of West Java, Indonesia, south of DKI Jakarta. Covering an area of 2,986.20 km2, it is considered a bedroom community for Jakarta, and was home to 5,4 ...
,
Bogor city,
Sukabumi Regency and Sukabumi city. The 15.35-kilometer first section of the toll road between Ciawi and Cigombong was inaugurated by Indonesian President
Joko Widodo on 3 December 2018.
Culinary
Sukabumi also has some traditional dishes that are worth trying, for example Roti Priangan, Mochi, Bandros, Soto Mie and Bubur.
References
External links
*
Official site
{{Authority control
Populated places in West Java