The Socialist Party ( pt, Partido Socialista, , PS) is a
social-democratic
Social democracy is a Political philosophy, political, Social philosophy, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports Democracy, political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocati ...
political party in Portugal. It was founded on 19 April 1973 in the German city of
Bad Münstereifel
Bad Münstereifel () is a historical spa town in the district of Euskirchen, Germany, with about 17,000 inhabitants, situated in the far southwest of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The little town is one of only a few historical to ...
by militants from the Portuguese Socialist Action ( pt, Acção Socialista Portuguesa). The PS is a member of the
Socialist International
The Socialist International (SI) is a political international or worldwide organisation of political parties which seek to establish democratic socialism. It consists mostly of socialist and labour-oriented political parties and organisations. ...
,
Progressive Alliance
The Progressive Alliance (PA) is a political international of social democratic and progressive political parties and organisations founded on 22 May 2013 in Leipzig, Germany. The alliance was formed as an alternative to the existing Socia ...
and
Party of European Socialists
The Party of European Socialists (PES) is a social democratic and progressive European political party.
The PES comprises national-level political parties from all member states of the European Union (EU) plus Norway and the United Kingdom ...
, and has nine members in the
European Parliament
The European Parliament (EP) is one of the legislative bodies of the European Union and one of its seven institutions. Together with the Council of the European Union (known as the Council and informally as the Council of Ministers), it adopts ...
within the
Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats
The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats (S&D) is the political group in the European Parliament of the Party of European Socialists (PES). The Progressive Alliance of Socialists and Democrats was officially founded as a Socialist ...
group during the
9th European Parliament
The ninth European Parliament was elected in the 2019 elections and is to last until the 2024 elections.
Major events
*23–26 May 2019
** Elections to the 9th European Parliament.
***EPP (182 seats), S&D (154), RE (108), Greens/EFA (74) ...
. It is the
governing party
The ruling party or governing party in a democratic parliamentary or presidential system is the political party or coalition holding a majority of elected positions in a parliament, in the case of parliamentary systems, or holding the executive ...
of
Portugal
Portugal, officially the Portuguese Republic ( pt, República Portuguesa, links=yes ), is a country whose mainland is located on the Iberian Peninsula of Southwestern Europe, and whose territory also includes the Atlantic archipelagos of ...
since the
2022 legislative election.
A party of the
centre-left
Centre-left politics lean to the left on the left–right political spectrum but are closer to the centre than other left-wing politics. Those on the centre-left believe in working within the established systems to improve social justice. The c ...
,
the PS is one of the two
major parties
A major party is a political party that holds substantial influence in a country's politics, standing in contrast to a minor party.
According to the Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Major parties hold a significant percentage of the vote in electi ...
in Portuguese politics, its rival being the
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
Fo ...
(PSD), a
centre-right
Centre-right politics lean to the right of the political spectrum, but are closer to the centre. From the 1780s to the 1880s, there was a shift in the Western world of social class structure and the economy, moving away from the nobility and ...
,
conservative
Conservatism is a cultural, social, and political philosophy that seeks to promote and to preserve traditional institutions, practices, and values. The central tenets of conservatism may vary in relation to the culture and civilization i ...
party. The leader of the PS is
António Costa, the current
Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
. The party won 120 of 230 seats in the
Portuguese parliament
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: ''Assembleia da República'', ), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament ...
following the
January 2022 election, enough to form a majority government.
History
Inspired by
May 68
Beginning in May 1968, a period of civil unrest occurred throughout France, lasting some seven weeks and punctuated by demonstrations, general strikes, as well as the occupation of universities and factories. At the height of events, which h ...
, the Socialist Party (PS) was created at a conference of Portuguese Socialist Action (ASP), at that time in exile, on 19 April 1973, in
Bad Münstereifel
Bad Münstereifel () is a historical spa town in the district of Euskirchen, Germany, with about 17,000 inhabitants, situated in the far southwest of the German state of North Rhine-Westphalia. The little town is one of only a few historical to ...
in
West Germany
West Germany is the colloquial term used to indicate the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG; german: Bundesrepublik Deutschland , BRD) between its formation on 23 May 1949 and the German reunification through the accession of East Germany on 3 O ...
. The twenty-seven delegates decided to found a party of
socialism
Socialism is a left-wing economic philosophy and movement encompassing a range of economic systems characterized by the dominance of social ownership of the means of production as opposed to private ownership. As a term, it describes the e ...
and
political freedom, making an explicit reference to a
classless society and with
Marxism
Marxism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing to Far-left politics, far-left method of socioeconomic analysis that uses a Materialism, materialist interpretation of historical development, better known as historical materialism, to understand S ...
as a source of principal inspiration.
On 25 April 1974, the
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbo ...
brought down the authoritarian regime of the
Estado Novo, established in 1933, and democracy was restored. Mário Soares, the party's General-Secretary, returned to Portugal after being in exile in France and became
Minister of Foreign Affairs
A foreign affairs minister or minister of foreign affairs (less commonly minister for foreign affairs) is generally a cabinet minister in charge of a state's foreign policy and relations. The formal title of the top official varies between cou ...
, and
António de Almeida Santos
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...
was appointed Minister of Interjurisdictional Coordination in one of the first provisional governments. After the revolution, elections were called for 25 April 1975 and the PS won the
1975 election for the Constituent Assembly and the
1976 elections for the National Assembly, then losing to the
Democratic Alliance (AD) in the
1979 legislative election. In 1980, the PS made an electoral alliance, called the
Republican and Socialist Front
Republican and Socialist Front ( pt, Frente Republicana e Socialista, or FRS) was an electoral alliance in Portugal, consisting of the Socialist Party (PS), Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy (UEDS) and Independent Social Democratic Actio ...
(FRS), between the Independent Social Democrats (ASDI), led by Sousa Franco, and the
Leftwing Union for the Socialist Democracy (UEDS), led by Lopes Cardoso. The alliance failed to defeat the AD.
They won the 1983 general election but without an
absolute majority
A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority ru ...
, and the PS formed a
grand coalition with the centre-right
Social Democratic Party
The name Social Democratic Party or Social Democrats has been used by many political parties in various countries around the world. Such parties are most commonly aligned to social democracy as their political ideology.
Active parties
Fo ...
(PSD), creating a
Central Block. The new government began negotiations for Portugal to enter the
European Economic Community
The European Economic Community (EEC) was a regional organization created by the Treaty of Rome of 1957,Today the largely rewritten treaty continues in force as the ''Treaty on the functioning of the European Union'', as renamed by the Lisb ...
(EEC). In 1985, the Central Block broke down and the PS, at the time led by
Almeida Santos, lost the
1985 legislative election. Cavaco Silva's PSD won the 1985 elections, and again in 1987 and 1991 with an absolute majority. The PS was in opposition for more than ten years.
In the
1995 legislative election, the PS, then led by
António Guterres, won a general election for the first time in twelve years, and in the
1999 election failed to obtain what would have been a historic
absolute majority
A supermajority, supra-majority, qualified majority, or special majority is a requirement for a proposal to gain a specified level of support which is greater than the threshold of more than one-half used for a simple majority. Supermajority ru ...
for the party by only one MP. In 2001, after a massive defeat in the 2001 local elections, Guterres resigned as Prime Minister and called for new elections in 2002. The Socialist Party lost the
2002 general election by a small margin to the PSD, who formed a coalition government with the
People's Party (CDS–PP). During this time, it has been argued that the Socialist Party moved towards the
centre
Center or centre may refer to:
Mathematics
* Center (geometry), the middle of an object
* Center (algebra), used in various contexts
** Center (group theory)
** Center (ring theory)
* Graph center, the set of all vertices of minimum eccentri ...
and adopted the
Third Way
The Third Way is a centrist political position that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of centre-right economic policies with centre-left social policies. The Third Way was born from a ...
.
In June 2004, the PS won the
2004 European elections by a landslide, and a few weeks later,
Durão Barroso Durão is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
* Joaquim Durão (1930–2015), Portuguese chess player
* Nuno Durão (born 1962), Portuguese rugby union footballer and coach
*Santa Rita Durão
José de Santa Rita Durão (1722–178 ...
, leader of the PSD and Prime Minister, resigned to become
President of the European Commission. In December 2004,
Jorge Sampaio
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio (; 18 September 1939 – 10 September 2021) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th president of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. A member of the Socialist Party, a party which he led between 1989 a ...
, President of the Republic, called fresh
elections for February 2005. These elections resulted in a landslide victory for the PS, winning for the first time since its foundation an absolute majority.
José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (), is a Portuguese politician who was the prime minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he ...
, leader of the PS, became
Prime Minister of Portugal
The prime minister of Portugal ( pt, primeiro-ministro; ) is the head of government of Portugal. As head of government, the prime minister coordinates the actions of ministers, represents the Government of Portugal to the other bodies of state, ...
.
In 2009, after four-and-a-half years in power, the PS lost the
2009 European Parliament elections to the PSD. However, they won the
general election
A general election is a political voting election where generally all or most members of a given political body are chosen. These are usually held for a nation, state, or territory's primary legislative body, and are different from by-elections ( ...
held on 27 September 2009 but failed to renew the absolute majority they won in the previous general election. The PS later introduced and legislated
same-sex marriage
Same-sex marriage, also known as gay marriage, is the marriage of two people of the same Legal sex and gender, sex or gender. marriage between same-sex couples is legally performed and recognized in 33 countries, with the most recent being ...
. The
Eurozone crisis
The euro area, commonly called eurozone (EZ), is a currency union of 19 member states of the European Union (EU) that have adopted the euro (€) as their primary currency and sole legal tender, and have thus fully implemented EMU policies ...
and financial crisis of 2011 hit Portugal very hard, prompting Sócrates' government to impose harsh
austerity measures
Austerity is a set of political-economic policies that aim to reduce government budget deficits through spending cuts, tax increases, or a combination of both. There are three primary types of austerity measures: higher taxes to fund spend ...
. On 23 March 2011, the entire opposition in Parliament said no to new measures proposed by the government. As a result of this, Sócrates resigned as Prime Minister and a
snap election took place on 5 June 2011. In the elections, the PS suffered a huge setback, with 28.1% of the vote, ten points behind the PSD, who formed another coalition government with the CDS–PP. Sócrates resigned as General-Secretary on election night after the PS's worst result since 1987. On 23 July 2011,
António José Seguro
António José Martins Seguro (born 11 March 1962) is a Portuguese politician for the Socialist Party (PS). Seguro was Secretary General of the PS from 2011 until September 2014, and he was the leader of the largest opposition party in the Por ...
was elected as Sócrates' successor.
![António Costa img 6536](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/ac/Ant%C3%B3nio_Costa_img_6536.jpg)
Under the leadership of Seguro, the PS won the
2013 local elections making significant gains over the PSD and the Socialists again won the
European elections in May 2014 but this time only just. They won 31.5% of the vote against almost 28% of the alliance between the PSD and CDS–PP. The result was considered quite a disappointment to many PS members and supporters and on 27 May
António Costa, the then-mayor of Lisbon announced that he would stand for the leadership of the PS.
Seguro refused to call a new congress and leadership election and instead called for a
primary election
Primary elections, or direct primary are a voting process by which voters can indicate their preference for their party's candidate, or a candidate in general, in an upcoming general election, local election, or by-election. Depending on the ...
, to be held on 28 September, to elect the party's candidate for Prime Minister in the 2015 general elections.
Costa, being endorsed by the left faction of the party and people like
Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th pres ...
,
Ana Catarina Mendes and Pedro Nuno Santos, easily defeated Seguro, who was supported by the more moderate and centrist wing of the party, by a 67% to 31% margin.
In the
2015 legislative elections, the PS polled a disappointing second place, capturing just 32% of the votes against the 38.6% of the PSD/CDS–PP electoral alliance
Portugal Ahead
The Portugal Ahead ( pt, Portugal à Frente, PàF) was a conservative political and electoral alliance in Portugal formed by the Social Democratic Party (PPD/PSD) and CDS – People's Party (CDS-PP).
History
The alliance was formed as the Portu ...
. Despite the victory of the PSD/CDS-PP coalition, the centre-left and left-wing parties achieved a clear majority in the
Portuguese parliament
The Assembly of the Republic (Portuguese: ''Assembleia da República'', ), commonly referred to as simply Parliament (Portuguese: ''Parlamento''), is the unicameral parliament of Portugal. According to the Constitution of Portugal, the parliament ...
. After the second Passos Coelho cabinet fell in parliament, with the approval of a no-confidence motion, the PS forged a
confidence and supply
In a parliamentary democracy based on the Westminster system, confidence and supply are required for a ruling cabinet to retain power in the lower house.
A confidence-and-supply agreement is one whereby a party or independent members of par ...
agreement with
Left Bloc and
Unitary Democratic Coalition
The Unitary Democratic Coalition ( pt, CDU – Coligação Democrática Unitária, PCP–PEV) is an electoral and political coalition between the Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português or PCP) and the Ecologist Party "The G ...
to support a
PS minority government. For the first time in Portuguese democracy, the leader of the second most voted political force became Prime Minister.
In order to avoid bankruptcy due to mounting debt, in 2017, the party, alongside the
PSD PSD may refer to:
Educational bodies
* Pennsylvania School for the Deaf, a Pre-K to 12th grade school for Deaf and Hard of Hearing students, located in the Germantown section of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
* Philippine School Doha, a Filipino scho ...
, the
Portuguese Communist Party
The Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português, , PCP) is a communist, Marxist–Leninist political party in Portugal based upon democratic centralism. The party also considers itself patriotic and internationalist,Portugue ...
,
BE and the ecologist party
PEV PEV or PeV may refer to:
* Ecologist Party "The Greens" (), a Portuguese eco-socialist political party
* Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland (), a Protestant Christian-democratic political party in Switzerland
* Petaelectronvolt (PeV), a mea ...
, voted in favour of abolishing party fundraising limits, thereby opening all portuguese parties to
private political donorship, that they are not obligated to disclose. The new proposal was reluctantly approved by the Portuguese president Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa.
Costa led a very successful first term as Prime Minister with a growing economy, low unemployment, and deficit cuts. Although he led a more left-leaning PS, Costa started to shift the party back to the centre in 2018, something that a younger and more left-wing faction, led by minister Pedro Nuno Santos, contested.
In the
2019 European elections, the PS won a landslide by achieving 33.4%, against the 22% of the PSD. The PS also won the
October 2019 general election with 36% of the votes, against the 28% of the PSD, but by a closer margin than expected. The Second Costa cabinet was sworn in on 26 October 2019.
In October 2020, the PS lost power in the
Azores
)
, motto =( en, "Rather die free than subjected in peace")
, anthem= ( en, "Anthem of the Azores")
, image_map=Locator_map_of_Azores_in_EU.svg
, map_alt=Location of the Azores within the European Union
, map_caption=Location of the Azores wi ...
region after the Socialists lost their majority in the
region's 2020 October elections. The PS only got 39% of the votes, a drop of 7
pp, and 25 seats. The rightwing parties, PSD, CDS, PPM, CHEGA, and IL won a majority of one seat over the whole leftwing, and a few weeks after the election, they forged a deal that led the PSD to government. As of 2021, the PS is now in opposition in the only two autonomous regions of the country.
For the
2021 Portuguese presidential election, Costa endorsed the incumbent
Marcelo Rebelo de Sousa
Marcelo Nuno Duarte Rebelo de Sousa (; born 12 December 1948) is a Portuguese politician and academic. He is the 20th and current president of Portugal, since 9 March 2016. He is a member of the Social Democratic Party, though he suspended hi ...
, something that made some party members unsatisfied. Former PS MEP
Ana Gomes
Ana Maria Rosa Martins Gomes (born 9 February 1954), better known as Ana Gomes, is a Portuguese former diplomat and politician of the Socialist Party (PS).
She earned wide recognition for her role in negotiating independence for East Timor, a ...
a critic of Costa and a member of the left faction of the party, ran for the presidency, declaring herself the candidate of
democratic socialism
Democratic socialism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self- ...
and
progressivism
Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, tec ...
, stating that she has been disappointed with the leadership of the party for not having an official candidate. With the support of the left faction of the party and some more moderate members worried about corruption, Gomes finished in a disappointing second place behind de Sousa, who had many endorsements of party leaders like Lisbon's Mayor
Fernando Medina
Fernando Medina Maciel Almeida Correia (born 10 March 1973) is a Portuguese economist and politician Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as Minister of Finance in the government of Prime Minister António Costa since 2022. He previously ser ...
,
Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who had been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015 until 29 March 2022, in the 13th (2015–2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019 ...
, and
Carlos César
Carlos Manuel Martins do Vale César, Order of Christ (Portugal), GCC (born 30 October 1956) is a Portuguese politician and former President of the Regional Government of the Portugal, Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. He currently ser ...
.
The party suffered a setback in the
2021 local elections by losing several cities to the PSD, but, the main defeat was the loss of Lisbon to the PSD candidate, who defeated
Fernando Medina
Fernando Medina Maciel Almeida Correia (born 10 March 1973) is a Portuguese economist and politician Socialist Party (PS) who has been serving as Minister of Finance in the government of Prime Minister António Costa since 2022. He previously ser ...
by a narrow 34% to 33% margin. After the local elections, tensions between the PS and its leftwing allies, BE and CDU, led to the rejection of the 2022 budget which forced the calling of a snap election for
January 2022. Despite polls predicting a close race between the PS and PSD, the Socialists won a surprise absolute majority, only the 2nd in their history, with 41% of the votes against the 29% of the PSD.
"PS vence pela primeira vez em todos os distritos do continente"
''Renascença'', 31 January 2022. Retrieved 20 March 2022.
Ideology
The PS is a mainstream centre-left social democratic
Social democracy is a political, social, and economic philosophy within socialism that supports political and economic democracy. As a policy regime, it is described by academics as advocating economic and social interventions to promote soci ...
party with many internal factions, ranging from democratic socialism
Democratic socialism is a Left-wing politics, left-wing political philosophy that supports political democracy and some form of a socially owned economy, with a particular emphasis on economic democracy, workplace democracy, and workers' self- ...
to social liberalism
Social liberalism (german: Sozialliberalismus, es, socioliberalismo, nl, Sociaalliberalisme), also known as new liberalism in the United Kingdom, modern liberalism, or simply liberalism in the contemporary United States, left-liberalism ...
and centrism
Centrism is a political outlook or position involving acceptance or support of a balance of social equality and a degree of social hierarchy while opposing political changes that would result in a significant shift of society strongly to the l ...
. It supports Keynesianism
Keynesian economics ( ; sometimes Keynesianism, named after British economist John Maynard Keynes) are the various macroeconomic theories and models of how aggregate demand (total spending in the economy) strongly influences economic output ...
, Europeanism
European values are the norms and values that Europeans are said to have in common, and which transcend national or state identity. In addition to helping promote European integration, this doctrine also provides the basis for analyses that charac ...
, and progressivism
Progressivism holds that it is possible to improve human societies through political action. As a political movement, progressivism seeks to advance the human condition through social reform based on purported advancements in science, tec ...
. Like many mainstream social democratic parties, it has previously adopted a Third Way
The Third Way is a centrist political position that attempts to reconcile right-wing and left-wing politics by advocating a varying synthesis of centre-right economic policies with centre-left social policies. The Third Way was born from a ...
outlook.
Election results
Assembly of the Republic
Seat share in the Portuguese legislative elections
European Parliament
Regional Assemblies
List of lead party figures
![Sma vpo carlos cesar (12)](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/10/Sma_vpo_carlos_cesar_%2812%29.jpg)
Secretaries-General
*Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th pres ...
: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
*António de Almeida Santos
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...
(''ad interim''): 13 June 1985 – 13 November 1985
* António Macedo (''ad interim''): 13 November 1985 – 29 June 1986
*Vítor Constâncio
Vítor Manuel Ribeiro Constâncio, GCC, GCIH (born 12 October 1943) is a Portuguese economist and academic who served as Vice President of the European Central Bank from 2010 to 2018. He previously served as Governor of the Bank of Portugal fr ...
: 29 June 1986 – 14 January 1989
*Jorge Sampaio
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio (; 18 September 1939 – 10 September 2021) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th president of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. A member of the Socialist Party, a party which he led between 1989 a ...
: 14 January 1989 – 21 February 1992
* António Guterres: 21 February 1992 – 19 January 2002
*Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who had been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015 until 29 March 2022, in the 13th (2015–2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019 ...
: 19 January 2002 – 27 September 2004
*José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (), is a Portuguese politician who was the prime minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he ...
: 27 September 2004 – 23 July 2011
*António José Seguro
António José Martins Seguro (born 11 March 1962) is a Portuguese politician for the Socialist Party (PS). Seguro was Secretary General of the PS from 2011 until September 2014, and he was the leader of the largest opposition party in the Por ...
: 23 July 2011 – 28 September 2014
*Maria de Belém Roseira
Maria de Belém Roseira Martins Coelho Henriques de Pina, GCC (born 28 July 1949) is a Portuguese politician who served as President of the Socialist Party from 2011 to 2014. She is informally known as ''Maria de Belém'', or, more commonly, ' ...
(''ad interim''): 28 September 2014 – 22 November 2014
* António Costa: 22 November 2014 – present
Graphical timeline
Party presidents
* António Macedo: 19 April 1973 – 29 June 1986
*Manuel Tito de Morais
Manuel Alfredo Tito de Morais (28 June 1910 in Lisbon – 14 December 1999), was a Portuguese politician.
Background
He was the eldest child and son of Tito Augusto de Morais (Peso da Régua, 11 February 1880 - 1963), a Navy Officer of the ...
: 29 June 1986 – 14 January 1989
* João Ferraz de Abreu: 14 January 1989 – 21 February 1992
*António de Almeida Santos
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...
: 21 February 1992 – 9 September 2011
*Maria de Belém Roseira
Maria de Belém Roseira Martins Coelho Henriques de Pina, GCC (born 28 July 1949) is a Portuguese politician who served as President of the Socialist Party from 2011 to 2014. She is informally known as ''Maria de Belém'', or, more commonly, ' ...
: 9 September 2011 – 29 November 2014
*Carlos César
Carlos Manuel Martins do Vale César, Order of Christ (Portugal), GCC (born 30 October 1956) is a Portuguese politician and former President of the Regional Government of the Portugal, Portuguese autonomous region of the Azores. He currently ser ...
: 29 November 2014 – present
Presidents of the Assembly
* Henrique de Barros: 3 June 1975 – 2 April 1976
*Vasco da Gama Fernandes
Vasco da Gama Fernandes (4 November 1908 – 9 September 1991), was a Portuguese lawyer and politician.
Background
He was named after his most remote relative Vasco da Gama.
Career
Vasco da Gama Fernandes was licensee in Law, from the facult ...
: 29 July 1976 – 29 October 1978
*Teófilo Carvalho dos Santos
Teófilo Carvalho dos Santos (4 September 1906 in Lisbon – 24 March 1986), was a Portuguese politician.http://www.geneall.net/P/per_page.php?id=469429
Career
He was a Licentiate in Law from the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon. ...
: 30 October 1978 – 7 January 1980
*Manuel Tito de Morais
Manuel Alfredo Tito de Morais (28 June 1910 in Lisbon – 14 December 1999), was a Portuguese politician.
Background
He was the eldest child and son of Tito Augusto de Morais (Peso da Régua, 11 February 1880 - 1963), a Navy Officer of the ...
: 8 June 1983 – 24 October 1984
*António de Almeida Santos
Antonio is a masculine given name of Etruscan origin deriving from the root name Antonius. It is a common name among Romance language-speaking populations as well as the Balkans and Lusophone Africa. It has been among the top 400 most popular ma ...
: 31 October 1995 – 4 April 2002
*Jaime Gama
Jaime José de Matos da Gama, GCC, GCIH, GCL (born 8 June 1947) is a Portuguese former politician. He was Minister of Foreign Affairs of Portugal from 1983 to 1985 and again from 1995 to 2002, and he was President of the Assembly of the R ...
: 16 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
*Eduardo Ferro Rodrigues
Eduardo Luís Barreto Ferro Rodrigues (born 3 November 1949) is a Portuguese politician and economist who had been President of the Assembly of the Republic since 2015 until 29 March 2022, in the 13th (2015–2019) and 14th Legislatures (2019 ...
: 23 October 2015 – present
Prime Ministers
*Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th pres ...
: 23 July 1976 – 28 August 1978; 9 June 1983 – 6 November 1985
* António Guterres: 28 October 1995 – 6 April 2002
*José Sócrates
José Sócrates Carvalho Pinto de Sousa, GCIH (born 6 September 1957), commonly known as José Sócrates (), is a Portuguese politician who was the prime minister of Portugal from 12 March 2005 to 21 June 2011. For the second half of 2007, he ...
: 12 March 2005 – 21 June 2011
* António Costa: 26 November 2015 – present
Presidents of the Republic
*Mário Soares
Mário Alberto Nobre Lopes Soares, GColTE, GCC, GColL (; 7 December 1924 – 7 January 2017) was a Portuguese politician, who served as prime minister of Portugal from 1976 to 1978 and from 1983 to 1985, and subsequently as the 17th pres ...
: 9 March 1986 – 9 March 1996
*Jorge Sampaio
Jorge Fernando Branco de Sampaio (; 18 September 1939 – 10 September 2021) was a Portuguese lawyer and politician who was the 18th president of Portugal from 1996 to 2006. A member of the Socialist Party, a party which he led between 1989 a ...
: 9 March 1996 – 9 March 2006
See also
*Politics of Portugal
Politics in Portugal operates as a unitary multi-party semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Portugal is the head of government, and the President of Portugal is the non-executive head of state wit ...
*Socialist Party
Socialist Party is the name of many different political parties around the world. All of these parties claim to uphold some form of socialism, though they may have very different interpretations of what "socialism" means. Statistically, most of t ...
Notes
References
External links
* (list in Portuguese, links to international websites in English)
* (in Portuguese)
Party of European Socialists
Socialist Internacional
{{Authority control
1973 establishments in Portugal
Formerly banned socialist parties
Full member parties of the Socialist International
Organisations based in Lisbon
Party of European Socialists member parties
Political parties established in 1973
Political parties in Portugal
Pro-European political parties in Portugal
Progressive Alliance
Social democratic parties in Europe
Centre-left parties in Europe
Socialist parties in Portugal