Sluis (; zea, label=
Zeelandic
Zeelandic ( zea, Zeêuws; nl, Zeeuws; vls, Zêeuws) is a group of Friso-Franconian language varieties spoken in the southwestern parts of the Netherlands. It is currently considered a Low Franconian dialect of Dutch, but there have been move ...
, Sluus ; french: Écluse) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
and
municipality
A municipality is usually a single administrative division having corporate status and powers of self-government or jurisdiction as granted by national and regional laws to which it is subordinate.
The term ''municipality'' may also mean the go ...
located in the west of
Zeelandic Flanders
Zeelandic Flanders ( ; zea, Zeêuws-Vlaonderen; vls, Zêeuws-Vloandern)''Vlaanderen'' in isolation: . is the southernmost region of the province of Zeeland in the south-western Netherlands. It lies south of the Western Scheldt that separates t ...
, in the south-western Dutch province of
Zeeland
, nl, Ik worstel en kom boven("I struggle and emerge")
, anthem = "Zeeuws volkslied"("Zeelandic Anthem")
, image_map = Zeeland in the Netherlands.svg
, map_alt =
, m ...
.
The current incarnation of the municipality has existed since 1 January 2003. The former municipalities of
Oostburg
Oostburg ( Zeelandic Flemish: ''Wòstburg'') is a city in the south-western Netherlands. It located in the municipality of Sluis, in the province of Zeeland. As of 1 January 2015, its population is 4731, down from 5008 in January 2005. It received ...
and
Sluis-Aardenburg
Sluis-Aardenburg was a municipality in the province of Zeeland, in the south-western part of the Netherlands. It was created from a merger of Sluis and Aardenburg in 1995, and it merged with the municipality of Oostburg, on 1 January 2003, to form ...
merged on that date. The latter of these two municipalities was formed from a merger between the previous municipality named Sluis and the former municipality of Aardenburg in 1995.
History
![Sluis, Netherlands ; Ferraris Map](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a9/Sluis%2C_Netherlands_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg)
The town received
city rights
Town privileges or borough rights were important features of European towns during most of the second millennium. The city law customary in Central Europe probably dates back to Italian models, which in turn were oriented towards the tradition ...
in 1290. In 1340 the
Battle of Sluys
The Battle of Sluys (; ), also called the Battle of l'Écluse, was a naval battle fought on 24 June 1340 between England and France. It took place in the roadstead of the port of Sluys (French ''Écluse''), on a since silted-up inlet betwee ...
was fought nearby at sea during the
Hundred Years' War
The Hundred Years' War (; 1337–1453) was a series of armed conflicts between the kingdoms of Kingdom of England, England and Kingdom of France, France during the Late Middle Ages. It originated from disputed claims to the French Crown, ...
. There is a record of one of the first lotteries with money on 9 May 1455 of 1737 florins (US$170,000, in 2014).
During the
Eighty Years' War
The Eighty Years' War or Dutch Revolt ( nl, Nederlandse Opstand) ( c.1566/1568–1648) was an armed conflict in the Habsburg Netherlands between disparate groups of rebels and the Spanish government. The causes of the war included the Refo ...
in 1587 the town
was captured by Spanish troops under the
Duke of Parma
The Duke of Parma and Piacenza () was the ruler of the Duchy of Parma and Piacenza, a historical state of Northern Italy, which existed between 1545 and 1802, and again from 1814 to 1859.
The Duke of Parma was also Duke of Piacenza, except ...
and
was retaken in 1604 by a Dutch and English force under
Maurice of Nassau
Maurice of Orange ( nl, Maurits van Oranje; 14 November 1567 – 23 April 1625) was '' stadtholder'' of all the provinces of the Dutch Republic except for Friesland from 1585 at the earliest until his death in 1625. Before he became Prince ...
.
From 2006 until its closure in 2013,
Oud Sluis
Oud Sluis is a defunct restaurant in Sluis, Netherlands. It was a fine dining restaurant that had been awarded one or more Michelin stars since 1995. It carried one star in the period 1995–1998, two stars in the period 1999–2005 and three stars ...
was one of only two
Michelin
Michelin (; ; full name: ) is a French multinational tyre manufacturing company based in Clermont-Ferrand in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes ''région'' of France. It is the second largest tyre manufacturer in the world behind Bridgestone and la ...
three-starred restaurants in the entire country.
Geography
![Gem-Sluis-OpenTopo](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/08/Gem-Sluis-OpenTopo.jpg)
In addition to the town of Sluis itself, the municipality is made up of the following population centres:
Sint Anna ter Muiden, with a population of only 50 (2001), is a small village about 1 km west of the town of Sluis, located on the
westernmost point of the Netherlands.
Demography
The population of the city is 2,040 (as of 2001).
Transport
A
ferry
A ferry is a ship, watercraft or amphibious vehicle used to carry passengers, and sometimes vehicles and cargo, across a body of water. A passenger ferry with many stops, such as in Venice, Italy, is sometimes called a water bus or water taxi ...
connection across the
Westerschelde
The Western Scheldt ( nl, Westerschelde) in the province of Zeeland in the southwestern Netherlands, is the estuary of the Scheldt river. This river once had several estuaries, but the others are now disconnected from the Scheldt, leaving the W ...
exists between Breskens and
Vlissingen
Vlissingen (; zea, label=Zeelandic, Vlissienge), historically known in English as Flushing, is a Municipalities of the Netherlands, municipality and a city in the southwestern Netherlands on the former island of Walcheren. With its strategic l ...
. After the opening of the
Westerschelde tunnel near
Terneuzen
Terneuzen () is a city and municipality in the southwestern Netherlands, in the province of Zeeland, in the middle of Zeelandic Flanders. With almost 55,000 inhabitants, it is the most populous municipality of Zeeland.
History
First mentione ...
in 2003, the ferry now carries only pedestrian and bicycle traffic.
Notable people
![Ate de Jong](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/49/Ate_de_Jong.jpg)
*
John Crabbe (before 1305 in Muide – 1352) a Flemish merchant, pirate and soldier
*
Joost de Soete (ca.1510/1520 in Sluis – 1589) a Dutch nobleman and Field Marshal
*
Jacob van Loo
Jacob van Loo (1614 – 26 November 1670) was a painter of the Dutch Golden Age, chiefly active in Amsterdam and, after 1660, in Paris. Van Loo is known for his conversational groupings; particularly his mythological and biblical scenes general ...
(1614 in Sluis – 1670) a painter of the
Dutch Golden Age
The Dutch Golden Age ( nl, Gouden Eeuw ) was a period in the history of the Netherlands, roughly spanning the era from 1588 (the birth of the Dutch Republic) to 1672 (the Rampjaar, "Disaster Year"), in which Dutch trade, science, and Dutch art, ...
*
Joan Blasius Joan Leonardszoon Blasius (13 April 1639 – 6 December 1672) was a Dutch poet, playwright, translator and lawyer. Born near Cadzand in Oostvliet, a village now lost to the North Sea, he was the younger brother of the famous doctor Gerard Blasius. ...
(1639 in Cadzand — 1672) a Dutch poet, playwright, translator and lawyer
*
Johanna Jacoba van Beaumont (ca.1752 in Sluis - 1827) a politically active journalist, feminist and editor
*
Johan Hendrik van Dale (1828 in Sluis - 1872) a Dutch teacher, archivist and lexicographer
*
Ernst Oppler
Ernst Oppler (19 September 1867 1 March 1929) was a German Impressionist painter and etcher born in Hanover.
Early life
Ernst Oppler was the son of Edwin Oppler (1831-1880), a prominent German-Jewish architect. Ernst Oppler's brothers were ...
(1867–1929) German impressionist painter, lived for some years in Sluis
*
Jan Eekhout
Jan Henrik Eekhout (born 10 January 1900 in Sluis - died 6 March 1978 in Amsterdam) was a Dutch writer, poet and translator, particularly known as the author of the novel ''Pastoor Poncke'' ("Pastor Poncke"). During the Second World War Eekhout w ...
(1900 in Sluis - 1978) a Dutch writer, poet, translator and Nazi
*
Herman Wijffels
H.H.F. "Herman" Wijffels (born 13 March 1942) is a retired Dutch politician of the Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) party and businessman.
From 1981 to 1999 he worked for the Rabobank ultimately as chairman of the board of directors and from 15 ...
(born 1942 in Turkeye) a retired Dutch politician and businessman
*
Hans Wijers
Gerardus Johannes "Hans" Wijers (born 11 January 1951) is a Dutch retired politician of the Democrats 66 (D66) party, and businessman. He is the chairman of the supervisory board of ING Group since 2018.
Early life
After secondary school at Ho ...
(born 1951 in Oostburg) a retired Dutch politician and businessman
*
Ate de Jong
Ate de Jong (born 1953 in Aardenburg, Zeeland, Netherlands) is a Dutch film director. He is best known as the producer of ''The Discovery of Heaven'' (2001), nominated for a Golden Calf award, and '' Het Bombardement'' (2012).
Filmography Direc ...
(born 1953 in Aardenburg) a Dutch film director
IMDb Database
retrieved 5 August 2019
Sport
* Willem van Hanegem
Willem "Wim" van Hanegem (; born 20 February 1944) is a Dutch former football player and coach who played as a midfielder. In a playing career spanning over 20 years, he won several domestic honours in the Netherlands, as well as a European Cu ...
(born 1944 in Breskens) a Dutch former football midfielder with over 50 caps and 600 appearances in the top flight of association football
* Annabel Kosten
Annabel Kosten (born 23 May 1977) is a retired freestyle swimmer from the Netherlands, who won the bronze medal with the Dutch women's 4×100 m freestyle relay team at the 2004 Summer Olympics in Athens, Greece.
Career
Kosten made her in ...
(born 1977 in Oostburg) a retired freestyle swimmer, bronze medallist at the 2004 Summer Olympics
The 2004 Summer Olympics ( el, Θερινοί Ολυμπιακοί Αγώνες 2004, ), officially the Games of the XXVIII Olympiad ( el, Αγώνες της 28ης Ολυμπιάδας, ) and also known as Athens 2004 ( el, Αθήνα 2004), ...
Gallery
File:Sluis town hall.jpg, The town hall and the Belfort in Sluis
File:Sluis church.jpg, The channel and the catholic church in Sluis
File:Sint Anna ter Muiden2.jpg, A street of the village Sint Anna ter Muiden
File:Retranchement, de Retranchementse Molen RM33921 foto6 2015-09-25 14.15.jpg, Retranchement, de Retranchementse Molen
See also
* Zwin
The Zwin is a nature reserve at the North Sea coast, on the Belgian-Dutch border. It consists of the entrance area of a former tidal inlet which during the Middle Ages connected the North Sea with the ports of Sluis and Bruges inland.
The Zwi ...
References
External links
*
Official website
(in Dutch)
{{Use dmy dates, date=April 2019
Zeelandic Flanders
Populated places in Zeeland
Municipalities of Zeeland
Municipalities of the Netherlands disestablished in 1995
Municipalities of the Netherlands established in 2003
Cities in the Netherlands