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The Sloane Hospital for Women is the
obstetrics Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, obstetrics is combined with gynecology under the discipline known as obstetrics and gynecology (OB/GYN), which is a surgi ...
and
gynecology Gynaecology or gynecology (see spelling differences) is the area of medicine that involves the treatment of women's diseases, especially those of the reproductive organs. It is often paired with the field of obstetrics, forming the combined are ...
service within
NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City affiliated with two Ivy League medical schools, Cornell University and Columbia University. The hospital comprises seven distinct campuses located in the New Y ...
and the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the
Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (VP&S) is the graduate medical school of Columbia University, located at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. Founded i ...
(P&S) in
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
. It was founded in 1886 with Columbia P&S as a training and treatment center for obstetrics. It has provided over 100 years of obstetrical care. The hospital is located within
Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian (MSCH or CHONY) is a women's and children's hospital at 3959 Broadway, near West 165th Street, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It is a part of NewYork-Pr ...
.


History

Sloane Maternity Hospital was founded in 1886 with a donation from William D. Sloane and his wife,
Emily Thorn Vanderbilt Emily Thorn Vanderbilt (January 31, 1852 – July 28, 1946) was an American philanthropist and a member of the prominent Vanderbilt family. She financed the creation of New York's Sloane Hospital for Women in 1888 with an endowment of more than $1 ...
, the granddaughter of
Cornelius Vanderbilt Cornelius Vanderbilt (May 27, 1794 – January 4, 1877), nicknamed "the Commodore", was an American business magnate who built his wealth in railroads and shipping. After working with his father's business, Vanderbilt worked his way into lead ...
, to Columbia P&S. On January 18, 1886, Dr. James W. McLane approached the College of Physicians and Surgeons Board of Trustees with the issue of a lack of obstetrical training and care in New York. He presented to the board an offer from William D. Sloane and
Emily Sloane The following is a partial list of characters from the TV series, '' Alias''. Overview Main characters Recurring characters McKenas Cole McKenas Cole was portrayed by Quentin Tarantino. Formerly an operative for SD-6, he defected from the ...
to fund the building of a maternity hospital in conjunction with the Columbia P&S. The board accepted the offer and the construction of Sloane Maternity Hospital was complete by the end of 1886. The hospital was located on the P&S campus in
Midtown Manhattan Midtown Manhattan is the central portion of the New York City borough of Manhattan and serves as the city's primary central business district. Midtown is home to some of the city's most prominent buildings, including the Empire State Buildin ...
at Amsterdam Avenue and 59th Street, serving as a teaching facility for P&S students, and opened its doors in early 1888. The founding board of trustees for the hospital consisted of "Dr. McLane as the President, Mr. Sloane as the treasurer, and Dr. Delafield as Secretary." One of the first actions of the board was to establish Sloane Maternity Hospital as a training center in obstetrics for nurses. Miss Harriet E. Dutcher was appointed as the "Principal of the Sloane Training School." Obstetric staff at the hospital was made up of Dr. Thomas, Dr. McLane, and Dr. Edward Partridge. The hospital soon established a reputation for superior sanitary practices and low mortality rates. It was originally created on the basis of free obstetrical care for underprivileged, but due to increasing fees the endowment of the Sloane Family could not cover all the costs. In 1897, an alternate policy was created that required patients to pay medical costs and extra fees for special accommodations, such as a private room. If the applicant for admission could not afford the care, they were admitted for free.   Edwin Cragin, the second director of the hospital, began linking the training and treatment of obstetrics with gynecology. In 1910, the facility changed its name to Sloane Hospital for Women. In 1911, a new surgical building was added, also funded by the Sloanes. In 1925, Sloane became part of Presbyterian Hospital, which was operating in affiliation with P&S. In 1928, it moved with P&S and Presbyterian Hospital to its present location on 168th Street in the Washington Heights area of northern Manhattan to form Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center. There it maintained its name while occupying several floors of the Presbyterian Hospital building. Sloane is now part of
NewYork-Presbyterian The NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital is a nonprofit academic medical center in New York City affiliated with two Ivy League medical schools, Cornell University and Columbia University. The hospital comprises seven distinct campuses located in the New ...
pediatrics within the
Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital of NewYork-Presbyterian (MSCH or CHONY) is a women's and children's hospital at 3959 Broadway, near West 165th Street, in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan, New York City. It is a part of NewYork-Pr ...
, and the name is still in use today.


Notable births

Notable people born at Sloane include ''
National Geographic ''National Geographic'' (formerly the ''National Geographic Magazine'', sometimes branded as NAT GEO) is a popular American monthly magazine published by National Geographic Partners. Known for its photojournalism, it is one of the most widely ...
'' photographer
Gordon Gahan Gordon Ward Gahan (November 5, 1945 – October 19, 1984) was an American photographer. Biography Gahan was born at Sloane Hospital for Women in Manhattan, to Alice M. Ward (housewife, age 37), and Edmund Gahan (owner of an oil well supply b ...
and former
First Lady of the United States The first lady of the United States (FLOTUS) is the title held by the hostess of the White House, usually the wife of the president of the United States, concurrent with the president's term in office. Although the first lady's role has never ...
Nancy Reagan Nancy Davis Reagan (; born Anne Frances Robbins; July 6, 1921 – March 6, 2016) was an American film actress and First Lady of the United States from 1981 to 1989. She was the second wife of president Ronald Reagan. Reagan was born in N ...
.


Early obstetrical care

The Sloane Maternity Hospital was created to focus on obstetrical care and referred all gynecological patients to the Vanderbilt Clinic. Dr. McLane recorded the early obstetrical care at Sloane Maternity Hospital in his report "Report on the First Series of One Thousand Successive Confinements from January 1st, 1888 to October 1st, 1890 at Sloane Maternity Hospital." The hospital implemented the use of carbolic acid to clean the lying-in wards and banned the use of straw beds to create sanitary conditions for patients. Delivery consisted of rectal anema and vaginal douche before the birth, delivery of the baby while the mother was on her side, and another vaginal douche after the placenta was delivered. After birth, maternal care consisted of vaginal sutures with silk worm gut, a transfusion of
ergot Ergot ( ) or ergot fungi refers to a group of fungi of the genus ''Claviceps''. The most prominent member of this group is ''Claviceps purpurea'' ("rye ergot fungus"). This fungus grows on rye and related plants, and produces alkaloids that ca ...
to prevent bleeding, and bed rest for 9 days after delivery. Of the first 1000 deliveries performed at the hospital, only six resulted in maternal death, two of which were attributed to
placenta praevia Placenta praevia is when the placenta attaches inside the uterus but in a position near or over the cervical opening. Symptoms include vaginal bleeding in the second half of pregnancy. The bleeding is bright red and tends not to be associated wi ...
. The procedures performed in the first 1000 cases were 12 inductions of labor, 83 deliveries with forceps, 14 cases of
version Version may refer to: Computing * Software version, a set of numbers that identify a unique evolution of a computer program * VERSION (CONFIG.SYS directive), a configuration directive in FreeDOS Music * Cover version * Dub version * Remix * ''Ve ...
, 3 cases of craniotomy, and 14 treatments of
postpartum hemorrhage Postpartum bleeding or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood following childbirth. Some have added the requirement that there also be signs or symptoms of low blood volume for ...
. Case histories of early obstetrical care at Sloane Maternity Hospital include a patient delivering a child with encapholitis, a patient pregnant with twins presenting prolapsed funis and eclamptic seizures, a patient with
version Version may refer to: Computing * Software version, a set of numbers that identify a unique evolution of a computer program * VERSION (CONFIG.SYS directive), a configuration directive in FreeDOS Music * Cover version * Dub version * Remix * ''Ve ...
, and a patient with a contracted pelvis. The detailed case histories of these patients discussed tools and techniques used at the hospital including: cephalotripsy, the use of
chloroform Chloroform, or trichloromethane, is an organic compound with chemical formula, formula Carbon, CHydrogen, HChlorine, Cl3 and a common organic solvent. It is a colorless, strong-smelling, dense liquid produced on a large scale as a precursor to ...
as an anesthetic, the use of opium for pain treatment, the use of a Barnes' dilator, the Crede's maneuver, and bougie labor induction.


Early instruction

After its founding, and in coordination with
Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons (VP&S) is the graduate medical school of Columbia University, located at the Columbia University Irving Medical Center in the Washington Heights neighborhood of Manhattan. Founded ...
, Sloane Maternity Hospital became an obstetrical student training center. In 1890, the clinical training of P & S students started out with a few students. The program gradually increased in size, with 225 students attending in 1895. The instruction consisted of lectures by Dr. McLane, Dr. Partridge, and Dr. Tuttle as well as patient observation, patient examination, and performing deliveries. Topics covered in the lectures included causes of abortion, "
albuminuria Albuminuria is a pathological condition wherein the protein albumin is abnormally present in the urine. It is a type of proteinuria. Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only trace amounts of i ...
of pregnancy," abnormalities of labor,
obstructed labor Obstructed labour, also known as labour dystocia, is the baby not exiting the pelvis because it is physically block during childbirth although the uterus contracts normally. Complications for the baby include not getting enough oxygen which may ...
, and
breech Breech may refer to: * Breech (firearms), the opening at the rear of a gun barrel where the cartridge is inserted in a breech-loading weapon * breech, the lower part of a pulley block * breech, the penetration of a boiler where exhaust gases leav ...
labor. In 1894, the College of Physicians and Surgeons announced that they would be holding summer courses at Sloane Maternity Hospital for physicians and medical students. For a fee of $50, the student would be provided a dormitory, forty lessons on obstetrical operations, observation of births at the hospital, and teachings on how to treat new born infants.


Important work and practitioners

Theodore Gaillard Thomas worked at the women's hospital and was a pioneer surgeon that focused on women's reproduction issues. Thomas's surgical work at this hospital led to the development of obstetric surgical instruments and new gynecological operations, such extraperitoneal cesarean section and the removal of ovarian tumors “per viginam.” James W. McLane also developed an important obstetric instrument, Tucker-McLane
forceps Forceps (plural forceps or considered a plural noun without a singular, often a pair of forceps; the Latin plural ''forcipes'' is no longer recorded in most dictionaries) are a handheld, hinged instrument used for grasping and holding objects. Fo ...
. The first time the Tucker- McLane forceps were used was at the Sloane Maternity Hospital in 1891 and they continued to be in Sloane Maternity Hospital practice for 30 years. As a research and clinical facility, the Sloane Hospital for Women pioneered advances in the field, including the
Apgar score The Apgar score is a quick way for doctors to evaluate the health of all newborns at 1 and 5 minutes after birth and in response to Neonatal resuscitation, resuscitation. It was originally developed in 1952 by an anesthesiologist at Columbia Univ ...
, the use of
rhogam Rho(D) immune globulin (RhIG) is a medication used to prevent RhD isoimmunization in mothers who are RhD negative and to treat idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) in people who are Rh positive. It is often given both during and followi ...
, and
amniocentesis Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used primarily in the prenatal diagnosis of genetic conditions. It has other uses such as in the assessment of infection and fetal lung maturity. Prenatal diagnostic testing, which includes amniocentesis, is ne ...
. The hospital trained generations of obstetrical and gynecological medical students, nurses, graduate physicians. With the research of the medical practitioners, the hospital was able to increase medical knowledge regarding woman's reproduction.


Modern times

Today, Sloane Hospital for Women remains affiliated with NYP- CUMC and is known for its work in obstetrics and gynecology. This hospital consists of multiple departments, including The Carmen and John Thain Labor and Delivery Unit, the Carmen and John Thain Center for Prenatal Pediatrics, and The Mothers Center. In 2015, the hospital delivered over 4,000 babies in the Labor and Delivery Unit. The work of the hospital includes delivery, pediatric and adolescent gynecological care, gynecological cancer treatment, and treatment of reproductive disorders. The hospital is developing a program of personalized medicine to address women's mental health and well-being.


References


External links

*
History of Sloane Hospital
{{authority control Hospital buildings completed in 1911 Hospital buildings completed in 1928 Hospitals in Manhattan Women's hospitals Columbia University NewYork–Presbyterian Hospital 1886 establishments in New York (state) Women in New York City