Slave George

George Lewis (also known as Slave George or Lilburn Lewis' slave George) (b. 1794 - d. 15 December 1811) was an African American boy held as a slave; he was murdered in western Kentucky on the night of December 15–16, 1811 by Lilburn and Isham Lewis, grown sons of Dr. Charles Lilburn Lewis and Lucy Jefferson Lewis, and nephews of Thomas Jefferson. The brothers were also related to Meriwether Lewis of Lewis and Clark fame.

Because the killing coincided with the time and location of the New Madrid earthquake and the ensuing disgrace of the prominent Lewis family, accounts of it quickly became part of the regional and national lore. Soon after being released on bail, Lilburn Lewis committed suicide. Jailed after his brother's death, Isham escaped and disappeared from the area, and is believed to have perished in the Battle of New Orleans in January 1815.

Early life and education

George was born into slavery in 1794 in Virginia and held by the Lewis family. He grew up as a house slave and learned what was needed in the kitchen and other areas. When Randolph and Lilburn Lewis decided to move to Kentucky in 1806 with their families, they took their slaves with them, including George.

Background

In early 1811, Lilburn and Isham Lewis were still in mourning for their mother and older brother Randolph, who had died the year before. Lilburn had also lost his first wife in 1811. He had remarried a local woman named Letitia. She was pregnant with their first child by early 1812, and Lilburn was struggling to support his first five children after a series of financial setbacks. George was a 17-year-old slave held by Lilburn Lewis. Isham had come to Lilburne on an extended visit, and that night after George accidentally broke a water pitcher that belonged to their mother; angered, they killed him in front of seven other slaves.

New Madrid earthquake

The dismemberment of George's decapitated corpse was interrupted by the most powerful U.S. earthquake ever recorded east of the Rocky mountains, the Great New Madrid earthquake, which struck at 3:15 a.m. Eastern time (2:15 a.m. in the Central Standard Time observed in the western Kentucky locale of the murder). Lilburne intended to destroy the evidence by having the slaves burn George's dismembered body, but the New Madrid earthquake caused the chimney to collapse around the fire. (They were likely in the kitchen cabin.) In the days afterward, the brothers made other slaves rebuild the chimney and hide the remains within it. Two additional megaquakes jolted the region on January 23, 1812, and February 7, 1812. The second caused a partial collapse of the chimney that had concealed George's remains.

In early March 1812, a neighborhood dog retrieved the young man's skull and deposited it in open view in a roadway. Neighbors saw the skull and began to inquire about it. They determined it was that of slave George, who was missing, and learned that he had been murdered. In slaveholding areas of the United States, the torturous murder of a slave was illegal.

Lilburn and Isham Lewis were quickly investigated, arrested and charged. After they had been released on bail, on April 9, 1812, Lilburne encouraged his brother to carry out a joint suicide pact with him. In the event, only Lilburne died. Held on investigation as accessory to the suicide, Isham escaped from jail and disappeared.On Pages xxvi & xxvii of his ''Preface'' to the 1987 edition of ''Jefferson's Nephews'', Merrill states that Isham "escaped from jail in Salem, Kentucky and six weeks later enlisted for five years in a U.S. Army Infantry company. The day after Isham enlisted, war was declared against England." and "Isham was one of seven men killed on the American side" at the Battle of New Orleans.

Many books and articles since 1812 have examined the case of slave George and Jefferson's nephews. Historian Boynton Merrill, Jr. considered the case as arising out of the power abuses inherent in the institution of slavery, frontier stresses, mounting personal and financial losses in the Lewis family, Lilburn's mental instability, and abuse of alcohol by both brothers.

Representation in other media

*The poet and novelist Robert Penn Warren explored the scandal in his book-length poe
''Brother to Dragons, A Tale in Verse and Voices'' (1953, revised 1979)

See also

*Slavery in the United States
*List of slaves
*War of 1812

Notes

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:George, Slave
19th-century American slaves
People murdered in Kentucky
History of Kentucky
1794 births
1811 deaths
Murdered African-American people
Male murder victims
Axe murder
People from Virginia
Stabbing attacks in the United States
Incidents of violence against boys