Slantsevsky District (russian: Сла́нцевский райо́н) is an administrative
[Oblast Law #32-oz] and municipal
[Law #47-oz] district (
raion
A raion (also spelt rayon) is a type of administrative unit of several post-Soviet states. The term is used for both a type of subnational entity and a division of a city. The word is from the French (meaning 'honeycomb, department'), and is co ...
), one of the
seventeen in
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 194 ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and Northern Asia. It is the largest country in the world, with its internationally recognised territory covering , and encompassing one-eig ...
. It is located in the southwest of the
oblast
An oblast (; ; Cyrillic (in most languages, including Russian and Ukrainian): , Bulgarian: ) is a type of administrative division of Belarus, Bulgaria, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Russia, and Ukraine, as well as the Soviet Union and the Kingdo ...
and borders with
Ida-Viru County of
Estonia
Estonia, formally the Republic of Estonia, is a country by the Baltic Sea in Northern Europe. It is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland across from Finland, to the west by the sea across from Sweden, to the south by Latvia, a ...
in the west,
Kingiseppsky District
Kingiseppsky District (russian: Кингисе́ппский райо́н, fi, Kingiseppin piiri) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #81-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in t ...
in the north,
Volosovsky District
Volosovsky District (russian: Во́лосовский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #64-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast wit ...
in the northeast,
Luzhsky District
Luzhsky District (russian: Лу́жский райо́н) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #65-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in the southwest of the oblast and borders wi ...
in the east,
Plyussky District
Plyussky District (russian: Плю́сский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #833-oz and municipalLaw #420-oz district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northeast of the oblast and borders with S ...
of
Pskov Oblast in the south, and
Gdovsky District
Gdovsky District (russian: Гдо́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #833-oz and municipalLaw #420-oz district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with ...
, also of Pskov Oblast, in the southwest. The area of the district is .
Its
administrative center
An administrative center is a seat of regional administration or local government, or a county town, or the place where the central administration of a commune is located.
In countries with French as administrative language (such as Belgium, Lu ...
is the
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
of
Slantsy.
Population (excluding the administrative center): 10,480 (
2002 Census);
Geography
![Plussa](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b9/Plussa.jpg)
The area of the district is flat. Its western and southern parts belong to the
drainage basin
A drainage basin is an area of land where all flowing surface water converges to a single point, such as a river mouth, or flows into another body of water, such as a lake or ocean. A basin is separated from adjacent basins by a perimeter, ...
of the
Narva River
The river Narva ( et, Narva jõgi; russian: Нарва), formerly also Narova flows north into the Baltic Sea and is the largest Estonian river by discharge. A similar length of land far to the south, together with it and a much longer interme ...
. The Narva flows at the border between Russia and Estonia, and in the northwestern part of the district is dammed and forms the
Narva Reservoir
Narva Reservoir ( et, Narva veehoidla, russian: На́рвское водохрани́лище) is a reservoir by Narva River, shared by Russia and Estonia.
The reservoir was constructed during 1955–1956, during the Soviet era. It provides wat ...
. The largest tributary of the Narva within the district is the
Plyussa
Plyussa (russian: Плюсса) is an urban locality (a work settlement) and the administrative center of Plyussky District of Pskov Oblast, Russia, located northeast of Pskov by the river Plyussa. Municipally, it is incorporated as Plyussa ...
. The eastern part of the district belongs to the basin of the
Luga River
The Luga () is a river in Novgorodsky and Batetsky Districts of Novgorod Oblast and Luzhsky, Volosovsky, Slantsevsky, and Kingiseppsky Districts of Leningrad Oblast of Russia. The river flows into the Luga Bay of the Gulf of Finland. It free ...
, with the largest tributary of the Luga within the district being the
Dolgaya River Dolgy (russian: До́лгий; masculine), Dolgaya (; feminine), or Dolgoye (; neuter) is the name of several inhabited localities in Russia.
Modern localities Arkhangelsk Oblast
As of 2010, one rural locality in Arkhangelsk Oblast bears this nam ...
. The Luga itself forms the northeastern border of the district.
History
Originally, the area of the district was populated by
Finnic peoples
The Finnic or Fennic peoples, sometimes simply called Finns, are the nations who speak languages traditionally classified in the Finnic (now commonly '' Finno-Permic'') language family, and which are thought to have originated in the region of ...
, eventually, the Slavs began arriving. After the 9th century, the eastern part of the area was dependent on the
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a medieval state that existed from the 12th to 15th centuries, stretching from the Gulf of Finland in the west to the northern Ural Mountains in the east, including the city of Novgorod and the Lake Ladoga regions of mod ...
(from the 15th century, the
Grand Duchy of Moscow), and the western part belonged to
Pskov. The area was constantly at the frontier and became the battleground between Germans and Swedes, on one side, and Russians, on the other side. It was desolated during the
Livonian War
The Livonian War (1558–1583) was the Russian invasion of Old Livonia, and the prolonged series of military conflicts that followed, in which Tsar Ivan the Terrible of Russia (Muscovy) unsuccessfully fought for control of the region (pr ...
. In 1617, according to the
Treaty of Stolbovo
The Treaty of Stolbovo () was a peace treaty that ended the Ingrian War (), which had been fought between the Swedish Empire and the Russian Tsardom between 1610 and 1617.
History
After nearly two months of negotiations, representatives from Sw ...
, the west of the area was transferred to Sweden, and in the 1700s, during the
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War (1700–1721) was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in Northern, Central and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swed ...
, it was conquered back by Russia.
In the course of the
administrative reform carried out in 1708 by
Peter the Great, the area was included into Ingermanland Governorate (known since 1710 as
Saint Petersburg Governorate
Saint Petersburg Governorate (russian: Санкт-Петербу́ргская губе́рния, ''Sankt-Peterburgskaya guberniya''), or Government of Saint Petersburg, was an administrative division (a '' guberniya'') of the Tsardom of Russia ...
). Later on,
Gdovsky Uyezd with the administrative center in
Gdov
Gdov (russian: Гдов) is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the river Gdovka, just from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population:
History
It was first mentioned in the beginning of ...
was established, and the area was a part of Gdovsky Uyezd.
The governorate was renamed Petrograd in 1914 and Leningrad in 1924. In 1919, Gdovsky Uyezd was an area where important events of the
Russian Civil War
{{Infobox military conflict
, conflict = Russian Civil War
, partof = the Russian Revolution and the aftermath of World War I
, image =
, caption = Clockwise from top left:
{{flatlist,
*Soldiers ...
and the
Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence ( et, Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Bolshevik westw ...
were taking place. Originally, the area east of the Narva was under control of the revolutionary government. On May 15, 1919, the detachment under command of
Stanislav Bulak-Balakhovich captured Gdov, and the whole uyezd thus came under control of the
Yudenich's White Army troops. In November 1919, the
Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army ( Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, afte ...
recaptured Gdov.
On August 1, 1927, the uyezds were abolished, and
Gdovsky District
Gdovsky District (russian: Гдо́вский райо́н) is an administrativeLaw #833-oz and municipalLaw #420-oz district (raion), one of the twenty-four in Pskov Oblast, Russia. It is located in the northwest of the oblast and borders with ...
was established, with the administrative center in the town of Gdov. It included parts of former Gdovsky Uyezd. The governorates were abolished as well, and the district became a part of
Luga Okrug Luga may refer to:
*Mateo Noriel Luga, Ibanag revolutionary
* Luga, Germany, a place in Saxony, Germany
* Luga, Russia, several inhabited localities in Russia
* Luga Bay, a bay in the Gulf of Finland, Russia
*Luga (river), a river in Novgorod and Le ...
of
Leningrad Oblast
Leningrad Oblast ( rus, Ленинградская область, Leningradskaya oblast’, lʲɪnʲɪnˈgratskəjə ˈobləsʲtʲ, , ) is a federal subject of Russia (an oblast). It was established on 1 August 1927, although it was not until 194 ...
. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished as well, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Gdovsky District was a part of
Pskov Okrug
Pskov ( rus, Псков, a=pskov-ru.ogg, p=pskof; see also names in other languages) is a city in northwestern Russia and the administrative center of Pskov Oblast, located about east of the Estonian border, on the Velikaya River. Population ...
of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union.
On March 11, 1941, Slantsevsky District, with the administrative center in the urban-type settlement of Slantsy, was split from Gdovsky District. One
selsoviet from
Kingiseppsky District
Kingiseppsky District (russian: Кингисе́ппский райо́н, fi, Kingiseppin piiri) is an administrativeOblast Law #32-oz and municipalLaw #81-oz district (raion), one of the seventeen in Leningrad Oblast, Russia. It is located in t ...
was transferred to newly established Slantsevsky District.
Between August 1941, and February 1944, Slantsevsky District was occupied by
German
German(s) may refer to:
* Germany (of or related to)
** Germania (historical use)
* Germans, citizens of Germany, people of German ancestry, or native speakers of the German language
** For citizens of Germany, see also German nationality law
**Ge ...
troops.
In February 1944, the
Kingisepp–Gdov Offensive, a military operation in which the Soviet Army advanced to the east bank of the
Narva
Narva, russian: Нарва is a municipality and city in Estonia. It is located in Ida-Viru county, at the eastern extreme point of Estonia, on the west bank of the Narva river which forms the Estonia–Russia international border. With 54 ...
and of
Lake Peipus
Lake Peipus ( et, Peipsi-Pihkva järv; russian: Чудско-Псковское озеро, Псковско-Чудское озеро, Chudsko-Pskovskoye ozero, Pskovsko-Chudskoye ozero); is the largest trans-boundary lake in Europe, lying on ...
, took place here.
The areas adjacent to the Narva River were assigned to Estonia in 1920, following the
Estonian War of Independence
The Estonian War of Independence ( et, Vabadussõda, literally "Freedom War"), also known as the Estonian Liberation War, was a defensive campaign of the Estonian Army and its allies, most notably the United Kingdom, against the Bolshevik westw ...
and the
Treaty of Tartu, signed on February 2, 1920. On November 24, 1944 this area was transferred to Leningrad Oblast and shared between Slantsevsky (south) and Kingiseppsky (north) Districts.
On April 5, 1949 Slantsy was granted town status. On January 1, 1963 Slantsevsky District was abolished and split between Kingiseppsky and Luzhsky Districts. On November 3, 1965 it was re-established and included some of the areas previously transferred to Kingiseppsky District.
On August 1, 1927
Osminsky District with the administrative center in the
selo of
Osmino was established as well. It was a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. It included areas which were previously parts of Gdovsky,
Luzhsky, and
Kingiseppsky Uyezds. On July 23, 1930, the okrugs were abolished, and the districts were directly subordinated to the oblast. Between March 22, 1935 and September 19, 1940, Osminsky District was a part of
Kingisepp Okrug of Leningrad Oblast, one of the okrugs abutting the state boundaries of the Soviet Union. Between August 1941, and February 1944, Osminsky District was occupied by German troops. On August 2, 1961 Osminsky District was abolished and split between Slantsevsky and Volosovsky Districts.
After the abortive administrative reform of the 1960s, its territory became split between Slantsevsky, Volosovsky, Luzhsky, and Kingiseppsky Districts.
Another district established on August 1, 1927 was
Rudnensky District, with the administrative center in the selo of
Rudno. It included parts of former Gdovsky Uyezd. The district was a part of Luga Okrug of Leningrad Oblast. On August 30, 1930, the administrative center of the district was transferred to the village of
Vyskatka. On August 10, 1933, Rudnensky District was abolished and split between Gdovsky and Osminsky Districts. Its area is currently split between Gdovsky and Slantsevsky Districts.
Restricted access
The western part of the district, a strip along the Narva River, is included into the
border security zone, intended to protect the borders of Russia from unwanted activity. In order to visit the zone, a permit issued by the local
Federal Security Service department is required.
Economy
Industry
In the district, there are construction industry (including several
cement
A cement is a binder, a chemical substance used for construction that sets, hardens, and adheres to other materials to bind them together. Cement is seldom used on its own, but rather to bind sand and gravel ( aggregate) together. Cement mi ...
plants), chemical industry, and food industry enterprises.
The district has considerable deposits of
oil shale
Oil shale is an organic-rich fine-grained sedimentary rock containing kerogen (a solid mixture of organic chemical compounds) from which liquid hydrocarbons can be produced. In addition to kerogen, general composition of oil shales constitut ...
, one of the most important in Russia. In fact the word "slantsy" in Russian means oil shale.
Agriculture
The main specialization of agriculture in the district is cattle breeding with meat and milk productions. As of 2012, there were for large-scale farms in the district, as well as one
trout farm
The aquaculture of salmonids is the farming and harvesting of salmonids under controlled conditions for both commercial and recreational purposes. Salmonids (particularly salmon and rainbow trout), along with carp, and tilapia are the three most ...
.
Transportation
A railway connects Slantsy with
Gdov
Gdov (russian: Гдов) is a town and the administrative center of Gdovsky District in Pskov Oblast, Russia, located on the river Gdovka, just from its outflow into Lake Peipus. Population:
History
It was first mentioned in the beginning of ...
in the south and with
Veymarn in the north. Originally, the railway connected
Pskov with Veymarn. It was destroyed during World War II, and the stretch between Gdov and Pskov was never rebuilt.
Slantsy is connected by roads with Pskov via Gdov and with
Kingisepp. There are also local roads, with bus traffic originating from Slantsy.
Culture and recreation
The district contains thirty-seven objects classified as cultural and historical heritage of local significance (four of them in the town of Slantsy). Most of those commemorate events related to World War II.
The Slantsy Museum of History and Culture, located in the town of Slantsy and focusing on the history of the town, is the only state museum in the district.
References
Notes
Sources
*
*
{{Use mdy dates, date=August 2012
Districts of Leningrad Oblast
States and territories established in 1941
States and territories disestablished in 1963
States and territories established in 1965