Skole ( uk, Ско́ле) is a
town
A town is a human settlement. Towns are generally larger than villages and smaller than cities, though the criteria to distinguish between them vary considerably in different parts of the world.
Origin and use
The word "town" shares an ori ...
in
Stryi Raion
Stryi Raion ( uk, Стрийський район) is a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center is Stryi. Population: .
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Lviv Obl ...
,
Lviv Oblast
Lviv Oblast ( uk, Льві́вська о́бласть, translit=Lvivska oblast, ), also referred to as Lvivshchyna ( uk, Льві́вщина, ), ). The name of each oblast is a wikt:Appendix:Glossary#relational, relational adjective—in Englis ...
(
region
In geography, regions, otherwise referred to as zones, lands or territories, are areas that are broadly divided by physical characteristics (physical geography), human impact characteristics (human geography), and the interaction of humanity and t ...
) of
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. It hosts the administration of
Skole urban hromada
Skole ( uk, Ско́ле) is a town in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast (region) of Ukraine. It hosts the administration of Skole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine.
Population: .
History
The first official date recorded for Skole was in ...
, one of the
hromada
A hromada ( uk, територіальна громада, lit=territorial community, translit=terytorialna hromada) is a basic unit of administrative division in Ukraine, similar to a municipality. It was established by the Government of Ukra ...
s of Ukraine.
Population: .
History
The first official date recorded for Skole was in 1397. A very important route from
Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
to
Hungary
Hungary ( hu, Magyarország ) is a landlocked country in Central Europe. Spanning of the Carpathian Basin, it is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine to the northeast, Romania to the east and southeast, Serbia to the south, Croatia a ...
ran through Skole; as a result, it was frequently fought over by other nations. When the Skole region was under Polish rule, the Polish king parceled out the land among the Polish
nobility
Nobility is a social class found in many societies that have an aristocracy (class), aristocracy. It is normally ranked immediately below Royal family, royalty. Nobility has often been an Estates of the realm, estate of the realm with many e ...
. German colonists, particularly craftspeople, who settled in the Skole region promoted the development of its economy. A great influence on the economy and cultural development of the region was Baron Groedl and his family. In Skole, the coins of Baron Groedl were used. They were minted at Vien, a mint which continued to be in use until 1930.
Skole received its
Magdeburg rights
Magdeburg rights (german: Magdeburger Recht; also called Magdeburg Law) were a set of town privileges first developed by Otto I, Holy Roman Emperor (936–973) and based on the Flemish Law, which regulated the degree of internal autonomy within ...
in 1397, by a decree of King
Wladyslaw Jagiello. Until 1772, the town belonged to the
Lviv Land,
Ruthenian Voivodeship
The Ruthenian Voivodeship (Latin: ''Palatinatus russiae'', Polish: ''Województwo ruskie'', Ukrainian: ''Руське воєводство'', romanized: ''Ruske voievodstvo''), also called Rus’ voivodeship, was a voivodeship of the Crown of ...
of the
Kingdom of Poland
The Kingdom of Poland ( pl, Królestwo Polskie; Latin: ''Regnum Poloniae'') was a state in Central Europe. It may refer to:
Historical political entities
*Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom existing from 1025 to 1031
*Kingdom of Poland, a kingdom exist ...
. Following the
Partitions of Poland
The Partitions of Poland were three partitions of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth that took place toward the end of the 18th century and ended the existence of the state, resulting in the elimination of sovereign Poland and Lithuania for 12 ...
, it was annexed by the
Habsburg Empire
The Habsburg monarchy (german: Habsburgermonarchie, ), also known as the Danubian monarchy (german: Donaumonarchie, ), or Habsburg Empire (german: Habsburgerreich, ), was the collection of empires, kingdoms, duchies, counties and other polities ...
, as part of Austrian
Galicia, where Skole remained until 1918. In the interbellum period, it was part of Stryj County,
Stanislawow Voivodeship, with population divided between Jewish, Polish and Ukrainian communities, also Germans and Czechs. In its vicinity there were three German villages, Annaberg, Felizienthal and Karlsdorf. Until September 17, 1939 (see
Soviet Invasion of Poland
The Soviet invasion of Poland was a military operation by the Soviet Union without a formal declaration of war. On 17 September 1939, the Soviet Union invaded Poland from the east, 16 days after Nazi Germany invaded Poland from the west. Subse ...
), the town housed Battalion Skole of the
Border Protection Corps
The Border Protection Corps ( pl, Korpus Ochrony Pogranicza, KOP) was a military formation of the Second Polish Republic that was created in 1924 to defend the country's eastern borders against armed Soviet incursions and local bandits. Other ...
.
Modern Skole is a small town, with favorable conditions for the tourist trade.
Until 18 July 2020, Skole was the administrative center of
Skole Raion
Skole Raion ( uk, Сколівський район) was a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Skole. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the nu ...
. The raion was abolished in July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the number of raions of Lviv Oblast to seven. The area of Skole Raion was merged into Stryi Raion.
Jewish history
Skole was the site of many horrendous atrocities against the Jewish people living there. The Ukrainian Christians living there were described as 10 times crueller than the German executioners by Aaron Wilf in his diaries. Some local residents such as married couple Mykhailo Svystun and Polaho Svystun who saved the lives of a Jewish friend and his family.
Mykhailo and Polaho Svystun
Mykhailo and Polaho Svystun were farmers in Skole during the German occupation. They have been recognised as Righteous Gentiles who saved Aaron Wilf, Chaya Wilf, Rose Wilf, Moshy Wilf and two other boys lives. They paid with their lives as Ukrainian neighbours burnt them alive in their house.
They were given this honor in 1974 and are on the official list stored by
Yad Vashem
Yad Vashem ( he, יָד וַשֵׁם; literally, "a memorial and a name") is Israel's official memorial to the victims of the Holocaust. It is dedicated to preserving the memory of the Jews who were murdered; honoring Jews who fought against th ...
as Svistun, 'Mikhailo & Polaha and son Vasily'.
Architecture
The city has two monuments of cultural heritage in Ukraine.
*
Church
Church may refer to:
Religion
* Church (building), a building for Christian religious activities
* Church (congregation), a local congregation of a Christian denomination
* Church service, a formalized period of Christian communal worship
* Chris ...
of
St. Paraskeva (wooden) 17th century.
* The bell tower of the church St. Paraskeva (wooden) 1760.
*
Church of the Nativity Blessed Virgin Mary.
Gallery
File:Church and the bell tower of the church St.Paraskeva in Skole.JPG, Church and the bell tower of the church St.Paraskeva
File:Skole. Church of St.Paraskeva (wooden) XVII century.JPG, Church of St.Paraskeva (wooden) 17th century
File:Skole. The bell tower of the church St.Paraskeva (wooden) 1760.jpg, The bell tower of the church St.Paraskeva (wooden) 1760
File:The cross near of the church St.Paraskeva..JPG, The cross near the church St.Paraskeva
File:Поглинання природою людських творінь.jpg, Groedel family palace in Skole
File:Ukraine-Skole-Ugorski szlach.JPG, Downtown Skole
File:Ukraine-Skole-Magnat.JPG, Magnates' houses in Skole
Region
*The area of
Skole Raion
Skole Raion ( uk, Сколівський район) was a raion in Lviv Oblast in western Ukraine. Its administrative center was Skole. The raion was abolished on 18 July 2020 as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, which reduced the nu ...
is .
*The population is 50,188 persons.
*The district consists of 57 villages.
There are many notable places in the Skole region. The village of
Grebeniv, for example, was once renowned for its sanitarium where
Metropolit Sheptytskyy and prime minister Cherchel were treated.
Verchne Synevydne is the first remembrance in the ''
Galician–Volhynian Chronicle
The ''Galician–Volhynian Chronicle'' ( uk, Галицько-Волинський літопис), called "Halicz-Wolyn Chronicle" in Polish historiography, is a prominent benchmark of the Old Ruthenian literature and historiographyKotlyar, M. G ...
'' (1240). This history is concerned with the person of Danylo Galytskyy.
Tustan'
About 25 million years ago in the
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
period of the
Cenozoic
The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configura ...
era, the sandstone
Carpathian mountains
The Carpathian Mountains or Carpathians () are a range of mountains forming an arc across Central Europe. Roughly long, it is the third-longest European mountain range after the Urals at and the Scandinavian Mountains at . The range stretches ...
were formed. Some of them emerged on the Earth's surface. In geology they are known as Iamna
sandstone
Sandstone is a clastic sedimentary rock composed mainly of sand-sized (0.0625 to 2 mm) silicate grains. Sandstones comprise about 20–25% of all sedimentary rocks.
Most sandstone is composed of quartz or feldspar (both silicates) ...
(named for the village of Iamna). The complex consists of Kamin’ (stone), Ostryy Kamin’ (sharp stone), Mala Skelia (small rocks), and Zholob (gutter).
In some places sandstone formed into
monoliths
A monolith is a geological feature consisting of a single massive stone or rock, such as some mountains. For instance, Savandurga mountain is a monolith mountain in India. Erosion usually exposes the geological formations, which are often ma ...
, and in other places as chaotic rocks. There are many cracks, burdens and caves; some man-made.
The sandstone was subject to erosion, creating exotic shapes (“Chotyry Veletni” or Four Giants, “Try Pal’tsi” or Three Fingers, “Chotyry Spysy” or Four Lances, and “Orel” or Eagle); there are many myths and legends pertaining to these rock formations.
In 3000 BC a sanctuary was built on these rocks. Scientists discovered 270
petroglyph
A petroglyph is an image created by removing part of a rock surface by incising, picking, carving, or abrading, as a form of rock art. Outside North America, scholars often use terms such as "carving", "engraving", or other descriptions ...
s. From the 9th to the 13th centuries, the fortress of Tustan' existed on these rocks. 4,000 grooves and glades have been discovered. An outline of the fortifications has been reconstructed at the site.
The sandstone in
Urych
Urych ( uk, У́рич, pl, Urycz) is a village (''selo'') in Stryi Raion, Lviv Oblast, of Western Ukraine. It belongs to Skole urban hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. Local government — Pidhorodetska village council.
Geograph ...
is a natural phenomenon with scientific, recreational, aesthetic, historical and cultural value. At present the Tustan' sandstone formations is a state history and cultural reserve visited every year by more than 3,000 people.
Notable people from Skole
*
Stanisław Głąbiński
Stanisław Głąbiński (25 February 1862 – 14 August 1941) was a Polish politician, academic, lawyer and writer.
Early years
Głąbiński was born on 25 February 1862 in Skole, in the Stryj district, Eastern Galicia, in what was then the A ...
,
Polish
Polish may refer to:
* Anything from or related to Poland, a country in Europe
* Polish language
* Poles, people from Poland or of Polish descent
* Polish chicken
*Polish brothers (Mark Polish and Michael Polish, born 1970), American twin screenwr ...
politician, academic, lawyer and writer.
*
Isaac Hayyut (died 1726), rabbi
*
Yaroslav Koshiv,
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
journalist
Yaroslav Koshiv lecture in Washington, DC
/ref>
* Vasyl Kravchuk
Vasyl Kravchuk (born 26 July 1996) is a Ukrainian cross-country skier and biathlete.
Career
He represented Ukraine at the 2022 Winter Paralympics
The 2022 Winter Paralympics (), commonly known as Beijing 2022 (), was an international wint ...
, skier
* Beata Obertyńska
Beata Obertyńska, (pen name "Marta Rudzka"), born July 18, 1898, near Skole (in present-day Western Ukraine), died May 21, 1980 in London was a Polish writer and poet.
Life
Beata was one of the daughters of the 'Young Poland' poet Maryla Wolska ...
, writer
* Nataliya Obmochaeva
Nataliya Olegovna Goncharova (russian: Наталия Олеговна Гончарова, born 1 June 1989), from 2012 to 2016 Obmochaeva, is a Russian volleyball player. She played for the Ukraine women's national volleyball team until 2010 wh ...
(Nataliya Goncharova), Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n volleyball
Volleyball is a team sport in which two teams of six players are separated by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other team's court under organized rules. It has been a part of the official program of the Summ ...
player.
* Stepan Okhrymovych (Stepan Ochrymowycz), member of the Ukrainian nationalist movement, the leader of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists
The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists ( uk, Організація українських націоналістів, Orhanizatsiya ukrayins'kykh natsionalistiv, abbreviated OUN) was a Ukrainian ultranationalist political organization estab ...
in Western Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austria ...
See also
* Slavsko
* Skolye (Hasidic dynasty)
Skolya is a Hasidic dynasty named after the town of Skole ( yi, Skolye) in Eastern Galicia (currently in Ukraine), where the founder of this dynasty lived and led his court.
List of rabbis
*Rabbi Yitzchok of Drohobych (d. March 11, 1752), discipl ...
Notes
External links
* Skole in Ukrainian language
skoletown.net.ua
(Ukrainian non-official page)
Hotel restaurant "Vivcharyk"
(ukr, rus, eng)
{{Authority control
Shtetls
Cities in Lviv Oblast
Stanisławów Voivodeship
Cities of district significance in Ukraine