Jiang Zhuyun (; 20 August 1920 – 14 November 1949) was a Chinese

communist Communism (from Latin la, communis, lit=common, universal, label=none) is a far-left sociopolitical, philosophical, and economic ideology and current within the socialist movement whose goal is the establishment of a communist society, a s ...

resistance fighter and revolutionary martyr.Spymaster:

Dai Li Lieutenant General Dai Li (Tai Li; ; May 28, 1897 – March 17, 1946) was a Chinese spymaster. His courtesy name was Yunong (雨農). Born Dai Chunfeng (Tai Chun-feng; 戴春風) in Bao'an, Jiangshan, Zhejiang province, he studied at the W ...

and the Chinese Secret Service - Page 166 Frederic E. Wakeman - 2003 "Occasionally, but only very seldom, was a woman able to shame her torturers in return. Shen Zui tells the story of Xu Yuanju's interrogation of the Communist Jiang Zhuyun in Chongqing. After she disdainfully refused to answer his questions, ..." She is the basis of the character of Jiang Xueqin, or "Sister Jiang" () in the semi-fictional novel '' Red Crag''.East Asian History - Institute of Advanced Studies, Australian National University, 1998 p134-137

Life

She was born Jiang Zhujun () in Jiangjiawan,

Dashanpu The Shaximiao Formation () is a Middle to Late Jurassic aged geological formation in Sichuan, China, most notable for the wealth of dinosaurs fossils that have been excavated from its strata. The Shaximiao Formation is exposed in and around the ...

Zigong Zigong (, ), formed by the merger of the two former towns of Ziliujing (Tzuliuching, literally "self-flow well") and Gongjing (Kungching, literally "offering well"), is a prefecture-level city in Sichuan, southwestern China. Demographics Accord ...

Sichuan Sichuan (; zh, c=, labels=no, ; zh, p=Sìchuān; alternatively romanized as Szechuan or Szechwan; formerly also referred to as "West China" or "Western China" by Protestant missions) is a province in Southwest China occupying most of the ...

province. She moved after a drought struck their area and her mother asked for help from her brother who lived in

Chongqing Chongqing ( or ; ; Sichuanese dialects, Sichuanese pronunciation: , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ), Postal Romanization, alternately romanized as Chungking (), is a Direct-administered municipalities of China, municipality in Southwes ...

. When her grandmother died they were able to move out of her uncle's house. He was well off, whilst her family had difficulty living on her father's wage and her mother's job. Her father sent money home as he was a sailor, Jiang attended a church school and in 1939 started to attend university. She joined the communist party.Jiang Zhujun: A Steel Rose Who 'Bloomed Before Dawn'
Zhang Nan, 27 October 2016, WomenOfChina, Retrieved 19 November 2016 Peng Yongw Jiang Zhujun and family

She was assigned an undercover role where she was required to appear as the wife of Peng Pongwu. He already had a wife called Tan Zhenglun and because of this they were unsuccessfully in keeping their relationship professional. In 1944 the Communist party arranged for her to attend

Sichuan University Sichuan University (SCU) is a National university, national National Key Universities, key public university, public research university in Chengdu, Sichuan, China. The university is wholly funded by Ministry of Education of the People's Republic ...

. There she worked secretly and she not only studied Russian but she read Russian media and books. She was allowed to marry Peng Pongwu in 1945. The following year their son was born. Jiang Zhuyuns letter

Peng was leading a group of guerrillas when he was killed in 1948 and she took on his role. She left her son with Peng's first wife and led the group. Another revolutionary was captured and gave her name to her captors. She was arrested in

Wanxian Wanzhou District () is Chongqing's second most populated urban core area on the upper reaches of the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in China. It is currently governed as a district of Chongqing Municipality, bordering Sichuan to the northwest ...

and then imprisoned in Zhazidong Concentration Camp. She was tortured but she kept all her knowledge secret. She did manage to send out a letter, which is now at the

Three Gorges Museum The Three Gorges Museum () is a museum in the Yuzhong District of Chongqing, about the Three Gorges and Chongqing. It is one of the largest museums in the country. The museum opened in 2005, replacing the former Chongqing Museum. It is loc ...

in Chongqing. A quote from it says "Tortures are too small tasks for the Communists. Bamboo sticks are made of bamboo, but the will of the Communists is made of iron and steel". The letter is said to have inspired many to make generous donations to the Communist Party of China.Sister Jiang: Committed Her Life to Communist Ideals, Died 29
25 June 2016, WomeninChina, Retrieved 19 November 2016

Literary and artistic representations

'Sister Jiang', a key character in the popular novel '' Red Crag'' (1961), is based on Jiang Zhuyun. The character also features in many adaptations of the novel, including: * ''Sister Jiang'' (1964), a

Chinese-language western-style opera Chinese contemporary classical opera (Chinese: 当今古典歌剧; ''dāngjīn gŭdiăn gējù''; "contemporary classical opera") is a musical art form drawing on western opera traditions - distinct from modern developments of traditional Chinese ...

* ''Life in Eternal Flame'' (1965), a film directed by

Shui Hua Shui Hua () (November 23, 1916 – December 16, 1995), born Zhang Yufan,Zhang, Yingjin & Xiao, Zhiwei (1998). "Shui Hua" in ''Encyclopedia of Chinese Film''. Taylor & Francis, p. 305. . was a Chinese film director who gained prominence in the 1950 ...

* ''Sister Jiang'' (2010), a

CCTV-1 CCTV-1 (CCTV General Channel) is the primary channel of CCTV, the national flagship terrestrial television network of the People's Republic of China. It broadcasts a range of programs from CCTV Headquarters at East 3rd Ring Road in Beijing and ...

television series

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Jiang, Zhuyun 1920 births 1949 deaths People from Zigong People executed by the Republic of China Chinese communists