Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet
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Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet MP KT, of
Pollok Pollok ( gd, Pollag, lit=a pool, sco, Powk) is a large housing estate on the south-western side of the city of Glasgow, Scotland. The estate was built either side of World War II to house families from the overcrowded inner city. Housing 30,0 ...
FRSE Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE) is an award granted to individuals that the Royal Society of Edinburgh, Scotland's national academy of science and letters, judged to be "eminently distinguished in their subject". This soci ...
DCL LLD (8 March 181815 January 1878), was a Scottish historical writer,
art historian Art history is the study of aesthetic objects and visual expression in historical and stylistic context. Traditionally, the discipline of art history emphasized painting, drawing, sculpture, architecture, ceramics and decorative arts; yet today ...
and
politician A politician is a person active in party politics, or a person holding or seeking an elected office in government. Politicians propose, support, reject and create laws that govern the land and by an extension of its people. Broadly speaking, a ...
. Until 1865 he was known as William Stirling, and several of his books were published under that name. He was
Chancellor of the University of Glasgow The Chancellor is the titular head of the University of Glasgow and President of the General Council, by whom they are elected. The office is intended to be held for life. Their principal duty is to confer degrees upon those presented to them b ...
from 1875 until his death and was also a
Knight of the Thistle A knight is a person granted an honorary title of knighthood by a head of state (including the Pope) or representative for service to the monarch, the church or the country, especially in a military capacity. Knighthood finds origins in the Gr ...
, considered the highest honour that can be conferred by the Crown on a Scotsman.


Life

Stirling was born at Kenmure, the son of Archibald Stirling,
Esq. Esquire (, ; abbreviated Esq.) is usually a courtesy title. In the United Kingdom, ''esquire'' historically was a title of respect accorded to men of higher social rank, particularly members of the landed gentry above the rank of gentleman a ...
, of Keir and Cawder, and Elizabeth Maxwell, sister of
Sir John Maxwell, 8th Baronet Sir John Maxwell, 8th Baronet, FRSE (12 May 1791 – 6 June 1865) was a Scottish landowner and politician. Life Maxwell was born at Pollok House, Renfrewshire on 12 May 1791 the son of Hannah Anne Gardiner and her husband, Sir John Maxwell, ...
, and Harriet Maxwell (died 1812) and daughter of
Sir John Maxwell, 7th Baronet Sir John Maxwell, 7th Baronet, of Pollok (31 October 1768 – 30 July 1844) was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Paisley from 10 December 1832 until resigning in 1834. The eldest son of Sir James Maxwell, 6th Baronet, of Pollok and Frances Colq ...
and Hannah or Anne Gardiner, daughter of Richard Gardiner, of Aldborough,
Suffolk Suffolk () is a ceremonial county of England in East Anglia. It borders Norfolk to the north, Cambridgeshire to the west and Essex to the south; the North Sea lies to the east. The county town is Ipswich; other important towns include Lowes ...
. Stirling's father owned a number of slave plantations in
Jamaica Jamaica (; ) is an island country situated in the Caribbean Sea. Spanning in area, it is the third-largest island of the Greater Antilles and the Caribbean (after Cuba and Hispaniola). Jamaica lies about south of Cuba, and west of His ...
and fathered at least six illegitimate children with women of colour, including Edward Stirling who became one of the first settlers in South Australia. He was privately educated at Olney in
Buckinghamshire Buckinghamshire (), abbreviated Bucks, is a ceremonial county in South East England that borders Greater London to the south-east, Berkshire to the south, Oxfordshire to the west, Northamptonshire to the north, Bedfordshire to the north-ea ...
then studied at
Trinity College, Cambridge Trinity College is a constituent college of the University of Cambridge. Founded in 1546 by Henry VIII, King Henry VIII, Trinity is one of the largest Cambridge colleges, with the largest financial endowment of any college at either Cambridge ...
, graduating with a BA degree in 1839 and proceeding to MA in 1843. He travelled in
Spain , image_flag = Bandera de España.svg , image_coat = Escudo de España (mazonado).svg , national_motto = ''Plus ultra'' (Latin)(English: "Further Beyond") , national_anthem = (English: "Royal March") , i ...
and the
Levant The Levant () is an approximate historical geographical term referring to a large area in the Eastern Mediterranean region of Western Asia. In its narrowest sense, which is in use today in archaeology and other cultural contexts, it is eq ...
and contributed to ''
Fraser's Magazine ''Fraser's Magazine for Town and Country'' was a general and literary journal published in London from 1830 to 1882, which initially took a strong Tory line in politics. It was founded by Hugh Fraser and William Maginn in 1830 and loosely directe ...
'' and the ''
Examiner Examiner or The Examiner may refer to: Occupations * Bank examiner, a kind of auditor * Examiner (Roman Catholicism), a type of office in the Roman Catholic Church * Examinership, a concept in Irish law * Medical examiner * Patent examiner * Tr ...
''. In 1848 he published his pioneering ''Annals of the Artists of Spain''. He succeeded to the Keir estates in 1847. In 1849 he was elected a Fellow of the
Royal Society of Edinburgh The Royal Society of Edinburgh is Scotland's national academy of science and letters. It is a registered charity that operates on a wholly independent and non-partisan basis and provides public benefit throughout Scotland. It was established i ...
his proposer being John Russell. He served as the Society's vice president from 1871 to 1875. He served as
Member of Parliament A member of parliament (MP) is the representative in parliament of the people who live in their electoral district. In many countries with bicameral parliaments, this term refers only to members of the lower house since upper house members of ...
for
Perthshire Perthshire (locally: ; gd, Siorrachd Pheairt), officially the County of Perth, is a historic county and registration county in central Scotland. Geographically it extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, ...
from 1852 to 1868 and again from 1874 to 1878. He was appointed a Member of the Universities Commission in 1859 and of the
Historical Manuscripts Commission The Royal Commission on Historical Manuscripts (widely known as the Historical Manuscripts Commission, and abbreviated as the HMC to distinguish it from the Royal Commission on the Historical Monuments of England), was a United Kingdom Royal Com ...
from 1872 to 1878, as well as of the Scottish Education Board (a forerunner to the
Scottish Office The Scottish Office was a department of the Government of the United Kingdom from 1885 until 1999, exercising a wide range of government functions in relation to Scotland under the control of the Secretary of State for Scotland. Following the e ...
). He was elected
Rector Rector (Latin for the member of a vessel's crew who steers) may refer to: Style or title *Rector (ecclesiastical), a cleric who functions as an administrative leader in some Christian denominations *Rector (academia), a senior official in an edu ...
of the
University of St Andrews (Aien aristeuein) , motto_lang = grc , mottoeng = Ever to ExcelorEver to be the Best , established = , type = Public research university Ancient university , endowment ...
in 1862 and of the
University of Edinburgh The University of Edinburgh ( sco, University o Edinburgh, gd, Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann; abbreviated as ''Edin.'' in post-nominals) is a public research university based in Edinburgh, Scotland. Granted a royal charter by King James VI in 15 ...
in 1871. He succeeded to the Maxwell Baronetcy (in the
Baronetage of Nova Scotia Baronets are a rank in the British aristocracy. The current Baronetage of the United Kingdom has replaced the earlier but existing Baronetages of England, Nova Scotia, Ireland, and Great Britain. Baronetage of England (1611–1705) King James I ...
) in 1865, assuming the additional name of Maxwell. He was elected
Chancellor Chancellor ( la, cancellarius) is a title of various official positions in the governments of many nations. The original chancellors were the of Roman courts of justice—ushers, who sat at the or lattice work screens of a basilica or law cou ...
of the
University of Glasgow , image = UofG Coat of Arms.png , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of arms Flag , latin_name = Universitas Glasguensis , motto = la, Via, Veritas, Vita , ...
in 1875, the first to have been elected by members of the General Council (previous Chancellors having been elected by members of the Senate), and was awarded an Honorary DCL from the
University of Oxford , mottoeng = The Lord is my light , established = , endowment = £6.1 billion (including colleges) (2019) , budget = £2.145 billion (2019–20) , chancellor ...
in the following year. He was a member of the
University of London The University of London (UoL; abbreviated as Lond or more rarely Londin in post-nominals) is a federal public research university located in London, England, United Kingdom. The university was established by royal charter in 1836 as a degree ...
Senate and a
trustee Trustee (or the holding of a trusteeship) is a legal term which, in its broadest sense, is a synonym for anyone in a position of trust and so can refer to any individual who holds property, authority, or a position of trust or responsibility to t ...
of the
British Museum The British Museum is a public museum dedicated to human history, art and culture located in the Bloomsbury area of London. Its permanent collection of eight million works is among the largest and most comprehensive in existence. It docum ...
and the
National Gallery The National Gallery is an art museum in Trafalgar Square in the City of Westminster, in Central London, England. Founded in 1824, it houses a collection of over 2,300 paintings dating from the mid-13th century to 1900. The current Director o ...
. He lived at Keir House near
Dunblane Dunblane (, gd, Dùn Bhlàthain) is a small town in the council area of Stirling in central Scotland, and inside the historic boundaries of the county of Perthshire. It is a commuter town, with many residents making use of good transport links ...
. He was a
breeder A breeder is a person who selectively breeds carefully selected mates, normally of the same breed to sexually reproduce offspring with specific, consistently replicable qualities and characteristics. This might be as a farmer, agriculturalist, ...
of
shorthorn The Shorthorn breed of cattle originated in the North East of England in the late eighteenth century. The breed was developed as dual-purpose, suitable for both dairy and beef production; however, certain blood lines within the breed always emp ...
s and
Clydesdale horses The Clydesdale is a Scottish breed of draught horse. It is named for its area of origin, the Clydesdale or valley of the River Clyde, much of which is within the county of Lanarkshire. The origins of the breed lie in the eighteenth century, ...
, an ardent
bibliographer Bibliography (from and ), as a discipline, is traditionally the academic study of books as physical, cultural objects; in this sense, it is also known as bibliology (from ). English author and bibliographer John Carter describes ''bibliography ...
and collector of
works of art A work of art, artwork, art piece, piece of art or art object is an artistic creation of aesthetic value. Except for "work of art", which may be used of any work regarded as art in its widest sense, including works from literature ...
. He died on holiday in
Venice Venice ( ; it, Venezia ; vec, Venesia or ) is a city in northeastern Italy and the capital of the Veneto Regions of Italy, region. It is built on a group of 118 small islands that are separated by canals and linked by over 400  ...
on 15 January 1878 but his body was returned to Britain and he is buried in the
Lecropt Lecropt (''Leac Croit'' in Gaelic) is a rural parish lying to the west of Bridge of Allan, Scotland. The population of the parish of Lecropt is estimated to be around 75, consisting entirely of isolated farms and houses, as well as the Keir Estat ...
Churchyard near
Stirling Stirling (; sco, Stirlin; gd, Sruighlea ) is a city in central Scotland, northeast of Glasgow and north-west of Edinburgh. The market town, surrounded by rich farmland, grew up connecting the royal citadel, the medieval old town with its me ...
.


Marriages and issue

He married firstly Lady Anna Maria Leslie-Melville (died 8 December 1874), daughter of
David Leslie-Melville, 8th Earl of Leven David Leslie-Melville, 8th Earl of Leven, 7th Earl of Melville (1785–1860) was a Scottish peer and admiral. He entered the Royal Navy c. 1800; he became Rear Admiral in 1846, and Vice Admiral in 1858. He was a Representative Peer (Tory), for Sc ...
and Elizabeth Anne Campbell, and had, at least: *
Sir John Stirling-Maxwell, 10th Baronet Sir John Maxwell Stirling-Maxwell, 10th Baronet, KT, DL, FRSE (6 June 1866 – 30 May 1956) was a Scottish landowner, Tory politician and philanthropist. Life The eldest son of Sir William Stirling-Maxwell, 9th Baronet and Lady Anna Maria ...
, of Pollok *
Brigadier General Brigadier general or Brigade general is a military rank used in many countries. It is the lowest ranking general officer in some countries. The rank is usually above a colonel, and below a major general or divisional general. When appointed ...
Archibald Stirling, of Keir (14 September 186718 February 1931), married on 14 April 1910 The Hon. Margaret Mary Fraser (25 June 18814 August 1972), daughter of
Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat Simon Fraser, 13th Lord Lovat and 2nd Baron Lovat (21 December 1828 – 6 September 1887) was a Scottish nobleman and soldier. He was responsible for overseeing the reconstruction of Beaufort Castle, and was the 22nd Chief of Clan Fraser of Lov ...
and Alice Mary Weld-Blundell, and had six children: ** William Joseph Stirling, of Keir (9 May 19111983), married on 22 November 1940 Susan Rachel Bligh (12 August 19161983), daughter of The Hon. Noel Gervase Bligh and Mary Frost and granddaughter of
Ivo Bligh, 8th Earl of Darnley Ivo Francis Walter Bligh, 8th Earl of Darnley (13 March 1859 – 10 April 1927), styled The Honourable Ivo Bligh until 1900, lord of the manor, lord of the Manor of Cobham, Kent, was a British nobility, British nobleman, parliamentarian and cri ...
and Florence Rose Morphy, and had five children: *** Archibald Hugh Stirling, of Keir (born 18 September 1941) *** James Joseph Stirling (1943–1943) *** Hannah Ann Stirling (born 29 May 1944), married on 7 January 1970
Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury Robert Michael James Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury, Baron Gascoyne-Cecil, (born 30 September 1946), is a British Conservative politician. From 1979 to 1987 he represented South Dorset in the House of Commons, and in the 1990s he wa ...
(born 30 September 1946) *** Magdalen Stirling (born 25 November 1945), married in 1969 Patrick Petit, and had issue *** John Alexander Stirling (born 26 February 1948), married first in 1971 Susan Black, without issue, and married secondly in 1985 Olivia Louise Waller, and had three children: **** Joseph Patrick William Stirling (born 1985) **** Christabel Georgia Stirling (born 1987) **** Hugh David Archibald Stirling (born 1993) ** Peter John Stirling (born 1 February 1913), married on 6 February 1963 Mahin Feli **
Colonel Colonel (abbreviated as Col., Col or COL) is a senior military officer rank used in many countries. It is also used in some police forces and paramilitary organizations. In the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries, a colonel was typically in charge of ...
Sir Archibald David Stirling (15 November 19154 November 1990) ** Hugh Joseph Stirling (4 May 1917 k.i.a.,
World War II World War II or the Second World War, often abbreviated as WWII or WW2, was a world war that lasted from 1939 to 1945. It involved the vast majority of the world's countries—including all of the great powers—forming two opposin ...
,
Libya Libya (; ar, ليبيا, Lībiyā), officially the State of Libya ( ar, دولة ليبيا, Dawlat Lībiyā), is a country in the Maghreb region in North Africa. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, Egypt to Egypt–Libya bo ...
, 22 April 1941), unmarried and without issue ** Margaret Elizabeth Mary Stirling (4 July 19149 February 1997), married on 26 June 1940
Simon Ramsay, 16th Earl of Dalhousie Simon Ramsay, 16th Earl of Dalhousie, (17 October 1914 – 15 July 1999), styled The Honourable Simon Ramsay between 1928 and 1950, was a British land owner, Scottish Unionist Party politician and colonial governor. Background and education R ...
(17 October 19141999) ** Irene Katharine Teresa Stirling (9 March 19191992) In March 1877, Stirling Maxwell married secondly noted author and society figure Caroline Norton, a granddaughter of the famous Irish playwright
Richard Brinsley Sheridan Richard Brinsley Butler Sheridan (30 October 17517 July 1816) was an Irish satirist, a politician, a playwright, poet, and long-term owner of the London Theatre Royal, Drury Lane. He is known for his plays such as ''The Rivals'', ''The Sc ...
. She died three months later.


Selected publications


Anonymous

*''Songs of the Holy Land'' (privately printed, 1846) *''An Essay towards a Collection of Books Relating to Proverbs, Emblems, Apophthegms, Epitaphs, and Ana'' (privately printed, 1860)


As William Stirling

*''Annals of the Artists of Spain'' (1847) *''The Cloister Life of the Emperor Charles the Fifth'' (London: John W. Parker & Son, 1852) *''Velazquez and his Works'' (1855) *''Napoleon's Bequest to Cantillon: a Fragment of International History'' (1858)


As Sir William Stirling-Maxwell

*''Don John of Austria'' (two volumes, 1883)


Further reading

*Enriqueta Harris, ''Sir William Stirling-Maxwell and the History of Spanish Art'' (1964) *Hilary Macartney, ''Sir William Stirling Maxwell as Historian of Spanish Art'' (Courtauld Institute of Art, 2003)


Notes


References

*Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). ''Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage'' (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990, * *


Sources

* http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=335061


External links

* {{DEFAULTSORT:Stirling-Maxwell, William 1818 births 1878 deaths Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia Chancellors of the University of Glasgow Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies People from Bishopbriggs Scottish art historians Scottish bibliographers Rectors of the University of Edinburgh Rectors of the University of St Andrews UK MPs 1852–1857 UK MPs 1857–1859 UK MPs 1874–1880 Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912) William Stirling