Sir John Saunders Sebright, 7th Baronet, (23 May 1767 – 15 April 1846), of

Besford Besford is a village and civil parish in the Wychavon district of Worcestershire, England. According to the 2001 census it had a population of 147. The village is near Pershore, off the road from Upton-upon-Severn. A historic house, Besford Cou ...

Worcestershire Worcestershire ( , ; written abbreviation: Worcs) is a county in the West Midlands of England. The area that is now Worcestershire was absorbed into the unified Kingdom of England in 927, at which time it was constituted as a county (see His ...

, and Beechwood Park,

Hertfordshire Hertfordshire ( or ; often abbreviated Herts) is one of the home counties in southern England. It borders Bedfordshire and Cambridgeshire to the north, Essex to the east, Greater London to the south, and Buckinghamshire to the west. For govern ...

, was an English politician and agricultural innovator.

Life

Born on 23 May 1767 in Sackville Street, St. James's, he was the eldest son of

Sir John Sebright, 6th Baronet General Sir John Saunders Sebright, 6th Baronet (19 October 1725 – 23 February 1794) was the sixth Sebright baronet, an officer in the British Army and a Member of Parliament. Sir John was a younger son of Sir Thomas Sebright, 4th Baronet and H ...

, by Sarah, daughter of Edward Knight, of

Wolverley Wolverley is a village; with nearby Cookley (1 mi northeast), it forms a civil parish in the Wyre Forest District of Worcestershire, England. It is 2 miles north of Kidderminster and lies on the River Stour and the Staffordshire and ...

, Worcestershire. His father died in March 1794. The seventh baronet served for a short time in the Foot Guards and was attached to the staff of

Lord Amherst Field Marshal Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst, (29 January 1717 – 3 August 1797) was a British Army officer and Commander-in-Chief of the Forces in the British Army. Amherst is credited as the architect of Britain's successful campaig ...

. He was elected M.P. for

on 11 May 1807, and continued to represent the county till the end of the first reformed parliament. He was appointed

High Sheriff of Hertfordshire The High Sheriff of Hertfordshire was an ancient Sheriff title originating in the time of the Angles, not long after the foundation of the Kingdom of England, which was in existence for around a thousand years. On 1 April 1974, under the provisio ...

for 1797–98. He commanded the Western Battalion, Hertfordshire Local Militia, when it was raised at St Albans in 1808.

Parliamentarian

Sebright disclaimed connection with a party, but generally acted with the more advanced Whigs. He was a strong advocate of economy in administration, of the abolition of

sinecure A sinecure ( or ; from the Latin , 'without', and , 'care') is an office, carrying a salary or otherwise generating income, that requires or involves little or no responsibility, labour, or active service. The term originated in the medieval chu ...

s and unnecessary offices, and of the reduction of

indirect taxation An indirect tax (such as sales tax, per unit tax, value added tax (VAT), or goods and services tax (GST), excise, consumption tax, tariff) is a tax that is levied upon goods and services before they reach the customer who ultimately pays the ...

. He was in principle a free-trader. On 5 April 1821 he seconded Lord Cranborne's motion for an inquiry into the

game laws Game laws are statutes which regulate the right to pursue and take or kill certain kinds of fish and wild animal ( game). Their scope can include the following: restricting the days to harvest fish or game, restricting the number of animals per p ...

, and supported subsequent bills for their amendment. In 1826 he attributed the increase of crime chiefly to their influence. In 1824, and again in 1828, he spoke in favour of the repeal of the usury laws, and he 'detested monopolies of all kinds.' As a practical agriculturist, owning land in three counties, Sebright gave his opinion (17 December 1830) against any allotments larger than kitchen-gardens, but was willing to try an experiment on a larger scale. When, on 1 March 1831,

Lord John Russell John Russell, 1st Earl Russell, (18 August 1792 – 28 May 1878), known by his courtesy title Lord John Russell before 1861, was a British Whig and Liberal statesman who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1846 to 1852 and a ...

moved for leave to bring in the

first Reform Bill The Representation of the People Act 1832 (also known as the 1832 Reform Act, Great Reform Act or First Reform Act) was an Act of Parliament of the United Kingdom (indexed as 2 & 3 Will. IV c. 45) that introduced major changes to the electo ...

, Sebright, as an independent member, seconded the motion; and supported this and the succeeding reform bills. On 17 December 1832 he was returned for Hertfordshire, at the head of the poll, to the first reformed parliament, but retired at its close.

Death and legacy

He died on 15 April 1846 at

Turnham Green Turnham Green is a public park on Chiswick High Road, Chiswick, London, and the neighbourhood and conservation area around it; historically, it was one of the four medieval villages in the Chiswick area, the others being Old Chiswick, Little S ...

and was buried at

Flamstead Flamstead is a village and civil parish in north-west Hertfordshire, England, close to the junction of the A5 and the M1 motorway at junction 9. The name is thought by some historians to be a corruption of the original ''Verulamstead''. Fla ...

. A portrait of him was engraved by S. Reynolds from a painting by Boileau. He built and endowed a school at Cheverell's Green, and a row of almshouses for sixteen paupers in the parish of Flamstead, Hertfordshire, where some of the family property lay. The

Sebright The Sebright ( IPA: ) is a British breed of bantam chicken. It is a true bantam – a miniature bird with no corresponding large version – and is one of the oldest recorded British bantam breeds. It is named after Sir John Saunders Sebri ...

bantam, which he created, is named after him and remains a popular breed of chicken to this day.

Works

In 1809 he published a letter to

Sir Joseph Banks Sir Joseph Banks, 1st Baronet, (19 June 1820) was an English naturalist, botanist, and patron of the natural sciences. Banks made his name on the 1766 natural-history expedition to Newfoundland and Labrador. He took part in Captain James C ...

on ''The Art of Improving the Breeds of Domestic Animals''. Sebright was also author of ''Observations on Hawking, describing the mode of breaking and managing several kinds of hawks used in falconry'', 1826; and of ''Observations upon the Instinct of Animals'', 1836.

Charles Darwin Charles Robert Darwin ( ; 12 February 1809 – 19 April 1882) was an English naturalist, geologist, and biologist, widely known for his contributions to evolutionary biology. His proposition that all species of life have descended fr ...

commented on Sebright's practical skill as a breeder in ''

The Variation of Animals and Plants Under Domestication ''The Variation of Animals and Plants under Domestication'' is a book by Charles Darwin that was first published in January 1868. A large proportion of the book contains detailed information on the domestication of animals and plants but it al ...

''.

Family

He married, on 6 August 1793, Harriet, heiress of Richard Crofts of

West Harling Harling is a civil parish in the English county of Norfolk. It covers an area of and had a population of 2,201 in 932 households at the 2001 census,Norfolk Norfolk () is a ceremonial and non-metropolitan county in East Anglia in England. It borders Lincolnshire to the north-west, Cambridgeshire to the west and south-west, and Suffolk to the south. Its northern and eastern boundaries are the No ...

. She died in August 1826, having borne nine children: * Sir Thomas Gage Saunders Sebright, 8th Baronet (1802–1864). He married Lady Sarah Anne Hoffmann (12 September 1809 - 14 February 1846), daughter of Frederick Hoffman, Esq., Capt R.N. (author of "A Sailor of King George: The Journals of Captain Frederick Hoffman, RN, 1793-1814"). Lady Sarah Anne is buried in the

English Cemetery, Florence The English Cemetery in Florence, Italy (Italian, ''Cimitero degli inglesi'', ''Cimitero Porta a' Pinti'' and ''Cimitero Protestante'') is an Evangelical cemetery located at Piazzale Donatello. Although its origins date to its foundation in 1827 ...

. *Frederica Anne Sebright *Emily Sebright (d. 1822), married Frederick Franks in 1822 *Caroline Sebright *Frances Elizabeth Sebright *Sophia Sebright (d. 1829), unmarried *Mary Anne Sebright *Octavia Elinor Sebright *Gertrude Sebright (11 Aug 1807 – 1820)

References

Notes

;Attribution {{DEFAULTSORT:Sebright, John Saunders 1767 births 1846 deaths Agricultural writers British Army officers Hertfordshire Militia officers Sebright, 07th Baronet Deputy Lieutenants of Hertfordshire Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Hertfordshire High Sheriffs of Hertfordshire UK MPs 1807–1812 UK MPs 1812–1818 UK MPs 1818–1820 UK MPs 1820–1826 UK MPs 1826–1830 UK MPs 1830–1831 UK MPs 1831–1832 UK MPs 1832–1835 People from Wychavon (district) People from Markyate