''Sinodelphys'' is an extinct

eutherian Eutheria (; from Greek , 'good, right' and , 'beast'; ) is the clade consisting of all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials. Eutherians are distinguished from noneutherians by various phenotypic t ...

from the

Early Cretaceous The Early Cretaceous (geochronological name) or the Lower Cretaceous ( chronostratigraphic name), is the earlier or lower of the two major divisions of the Cretaceous. It is usually considered to stretch from 145 Ma to 100.5 Ma. Geology Pr ...

, estimated to be 125 million years old. It was discovered and described in 2003 in rocks of the

Yixian Formation The Yixian Formation (; formerly transcribed as Yihsien Formation) is a geological formation in Jinzhou, Liaoning, People's Republic of China, that spans the late Barremian and early Aptian stages of the Early Cretaceous. It is known for its ...

in Liaoning Province, China, by a team of scientists including Zhe-Xi Luo and John Wible.

Fossil record

Only one fossil specimen is known, a slab and counterslab given catalog number CAGS00-IG03. It is in the collection of the

Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences The Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences (CAGS; ) is an institution that engages in geoscience research in the People's Republic of China. The academy was established in 1956 and reorganized in 1999. Administratively it is under the PRC Ministr ...

. ''Sinodelphys szalayi'' grew only 15 cm (5.9 in) long and possibly weighed about 30 g (1.05 oz). Its fossilized skeleton is surrounded by impressions of fur and soft tissue, thanks to the exceptional

sediment Sediment is a naturally occurring material that is broken down by processes of weathering and erosion, and is subsequently transported by the action of wind, water, or ice or by the force of gravity acting on the particles. For example, sa ...

that preserves such details. Luo et al. (2003) inferred from the foot structure of ''Sinodelphys'' that it was a scansorial tree-dweller, like its non-marsupial contemporary '' Eomaia'' and modern

opossum Opossums () are members of the marsupial order Didelphimorphia () endemic to the Americas. The largest order of marsupials in the Western Hemisphere, it comprises 93 species in 18 genera. Opossums originated in South America and entered Nort ...

s such as ''

Didelphis ''Didelphis'' is a genus of New World marsupials. The six species in the genus ''Didelphis'', commonly known as Large American opossums, are members of the ''opossum'' order, Didelphimorphia. The genus ''Didelphis'' is composed of cat-sized om ...

''. ''Sinodelphys'' probably hunted worms and insects. Most

Mesozoic The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last era of Earth's geological history, lasting from about , comprising the Triassic, Jurassic and Creta ...

metatherians have been found in North America and

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an ...

. Most lived during the

Late Cretaceous The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', ...

between 90 and 66 million years ago.

Evolution of marsupials

''Sinodelphys szalayi'', living in China around 125 million years ago, was initially interpreted as the earliest known

metatheria Metatheria is a mammalian clade that includes all mammals more closely related to marsupials than to placentals. First proposed by Thomas Henry Huxley in 1880, it is a more inclusive group than the marsupials; it contains all marsupials as we ...

n. This makes it almost contemporary to the eutherian ''

Acristatherium ''Acristatherium yanensis'' is an extinct basal eutherian from the Early Cretaceous (early Aptian, about ) Lujiatun Bed of the Yixian Formation. It was described on the basis of a single specimen (holotype) from Beipiao, Liaoning, China, by Ya ...

'', which has been found in the same area. However, Bi ''et al.'' (2018) reinterpreted ''Sinodelphys'' as an early member of

Eutheria Eutheria (; from Greek , 'good, right' and , 'beast'; ) is the clade consisting of all therian mammals that are more closely related to placentals than to marsupials. Eutherians are distinguished from noneutherians by various phenotypic t ...

References

Cretaceous mammals Prehistoric metatherians Early Cretaceous mammals of Asia Transitional fossils Fossil taxa described in 2003 Prehistoric mammal genera {{cretaceous-mammal-stub

Fossil record

Evolution of marsupials

See also

References