''Simnia'' is a
genus of
sea snail
Sea snail is a common name for slow-moving marine gastropod molluscs, usually with visible external shells, such as whelk or abalone. They share the taxonomic class Gastropoda with slugs, which are distinguished from snails primarily by the ...
s,
marine
Marine is an adjective meaning of or pertaining to the sea or ocean.
Marine or marines may refer to:
Ocean
* Maritime (disambiguation)
* Marine art
* Marine biology
* Marine debris
* Marine habitats
* Marine life
* Marine pollution
Military
* ...
gastropod
The gastropods (), commonly known as snails and slugs, belong to a large taxonomic class of invertebrates within the phylum Mollusca called Gastropoda ().
This class comprises snails and slugs from saltwater, from freshwater, and from land. T ...
mollusks in the
family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus, 1758) type species of ''
Neosimnia''
Fischer, 1884. This makes ''Simnia'' an objective synonym of ''Neosimnia''. Accordingly, all the species treated in Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Neosimnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''Simnia''. Likewise, all the species treated by Lorenz & Fehse (2009) under ''Simnia'' should thereby be accepted under ''
Xandarovula
''Xandarovula'' is a genus of sea snails, marine (ocean), marine gastropod mollusks in the family (biology), family Ovulidae.
Species
Species within the genus ''Xandarovula'' include:
*''Xandarovula aperta'' (George Brettingham Sowerby II, Sow ...
''
Cate, 1973.
The assumptions of Dolin (Dolin & Ledon, 2002) are based on interpretations but not on the examination of the type material. Fehse (2016) has confirmed the vaility of the genus Neosimnia because the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is never a juvenile specimen of ''Simnia spelta''
(Linnaeus, 1758) type species of ''
Neosimnia''
Fischer, 1884.
Species
The valid assignment of the taxa are found in
Lorenz & Fehse, 2009.
The assumption of Dolin prepared the following chaos:
Species within the genus ''Simnia'' include:
*''
Simnia aequalis
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''
Simnia aperta''
( Sowerby, 1849)
*''
Simnia arcuata''
(Reeve
Reeve may refer to:
Titles
*Reeve (Canada), an elected chief executive of some counties, townships, and equivalents
*Reeve (England), an official elected annually by the serfs to supervise lands for a lord
*High-reeve, a title taken by some Englis ...
, 1865)
*''
Simnia avena
''Simnia avena'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family (biology), family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
Description
Distribution
References
Ovulidae
Gastropods described in 1848
...
''
( G.B. Sowerby I, 1832)
*''
Simnia barbarensis''
Dall, 1892
*''
Simnia bartschi
''Simnia bartschi'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marr ...
''
(Cate, 1973)
*''
Simnia bijuri''
(Cate, 1976)
* ''
Simnia brevirostris
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
(Schumacher, 1817)
* † ''
Simnia fusulina
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
*''
Simnia hammesi''
(Bertsch & Bibbey, 1982)
* † ''
Simnia helenae
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
*''
Simnia hiscocki
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
Lorenz & Melaun, 2011
*''
Simnia hyalina
''Simnia'' is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod mollusks in the family Ovulidae.
Taxonomy
Dolin & Ledon (2002) considered that the lectotype of ''Simnia nicaeensis'' Risso, 1826, type species of ''Simnia'', is a juvenile specimen of '' ...
''
Lorenz & Fehse, 2009
*''
Simnia illyrica''
( Schilder, 1925)
*''
Simnia jacintoi''
Fehse & Trigo, 2015
* † ''
Simnia lhommei''
(Cossmann, 1907)
* † ''
Simnia limondinae''
Dolin & Lozouet, 2004
*''
Simnia loebbeckeana''
( Weinkauff, 1881)
*''
Simnia macleani''
(Cate, 1976)
*''
Simnia patula''
( Pennant, 1777)
* † ''
Simnia rostralina''
(Deshayes, 1865)
*''
Simnia sculptura''
(Cate, 1973)
*''
Simnia senegalensis''
( Schilder, 1931)
*''
Simnia spelta
''Simnia spelta'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, which are cowrie allies sometimes called "false cowries". It was first described in 1758 by the Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus.
Desc ...
''
( Linnaeus, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
)
* † ''
Simnia vibrayana''
(de Raincourt, 1870)
*''
Simnia vidleri''
( Sowerby, 1881)
;Species brought into synonymy:
*''Simnia acicularis''
( Lamarck, 1811): synonym of ''
Cymbovula acicularis''
( Lamarck, 1811)
* ''Simnia aequalis''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1832): synonym of ''Neosimnia avena''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833) synonym of ''Simnia avena''
(G. B. Sowerby I, 1833)
*''Simnia aureocincta''
Dall, 1899: synonym of ''
Cyphoma aureocinctum
''Cyphoma aureocinctum'', common name : the gold-banded egg shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Ovulidae, the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries.
Distribution
This species occurs in the Atlantic Oce ...
''
( Dall, 1889)
*''Simnia inflexa''
Schilder, 1941: synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia inflexa''
( Sowerby, 1832): synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Simnia spelta''
( Linnaeus, 1758
Events
January–March
* January 1 – Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus (Carl von Linné) publishes in Stockholm the first volume (''Animalia'') of the 10th edition of Systema Naturae, 10th edition of ''Systema Naturae'', the sta ...
)
*''Simnia nicaoensis''
Risso, 1826: synonym of ''Simnia nicaeensis''
Risso, 1826
*''Simnia piragua''
Dall, 1889: synonym of ''
Calcarovula piragua''
( Dall, 1889)
*''Simnia rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832): synonym of ''
Simnialena rufa''
( Sowerby, 1832)
*''Simnia sowerbyana''
Paetel, 1887: synonym of ''
Phenacovolva brevirostris
''Phenacovolva brevirostris'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinit ...
''
(Schumacher
Schumacher or Schuhmacher is an occupational surname (German, "shoemaker", pronounced , both variants can be used as surnames, with Schumacher being the more popular one, however, only the variant with three "h"s can also be used as a job descript ...
, 1817)
*''Simnia uniplicata''
( Sowerby, 1849): synonym of ''
Simnialena uniplicata''
( Sowerby, 1849)
*''Simnia xanthochila''
Kuroda Kuroda (written: lit. "black ricefield") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*, Japanese painter
* Akinobu Kuroda 黒田 明伸, Japanese historian
* Chris Kuroda, lighting designer and operator for the band Phish and J ...
, 1928: synonym of ''
Contrasimnia xanthochila
''Contrasimnia xanthochila'' is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Ovulidae
Ovulidae, common names the ovulids, cowry allies or false cowries, is a family of small to large predatory or parasitic sea snails, m ...
''
(Kuroda Kuroda (written: lit. "black ricefield") is a Japanese surname. Notable people with the surname include:
*, Japanese painter
* Akinobu Kuroda 黒田 明伸, Japanese historian
* Chris Kuroda, lighting designer and operator for the band Phish and J ...
, 1928)
References
Dall W.H. 1889. ''Reports on the results of dredging, under the supervision of Alexander Agassiz, in the Gulf of Mexico (1877-78) and in the Caribbean Sea (1879-80), by the U.S. Coast Survey Steamer "Blake", Lieut.-Commander C.D. Sigsbee, U.S.N., and Commander J.R. Bartlett, U.S.N., commanding. XXIX. Report on the Mollusca. Part 2, Gastropoda and Scaphopoda''. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoölogy at Harvard College, 18: 1-492, pls. 10-40* Cate C.N. (1973). ''A Systematic Revision of the Recent Cypraeid Family Ovulidae''. The Veliger, Vol 15, Supplement.
* Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). ''European register of marine species'': a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213
Dolin L. & Ledon D., 2002. Nouveaux taxons et discussion de la systématique des genres correspondants d'Ovulidae (Mollusca, Caenogastropoda) de l'Éocène inférieur de Gan (France). Geodiversitas 24(2): 329-347* Fehse, D. (2016): Superfamilia Cypraeoidea J.E. Gray, 1824 - In: Stein, G. Moths, H. Albrecht, F. Havekost, U. & Fehse, D. (eds.): Revision der miozänen Molluskenfauna (Hemmoorium) von Werder bei Achim (Nordwest-Niedersachsen): 33-41, pls. 16-19, text figs. 8-13. – Palaeofocus, 5: 1-289, pls. 1-76, text figs. 1-93, tabs. 1-5.
External links
{{Commons category
Ovulidae