''Silphium'' is a genus of

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

n plants in the tribe

Heliantheae The Heliantheae (sometimes called the sunflower tribe) are the third-largest tribe in the sunflower family (Asteraceae). With some 190 genera and nearly 2500 recognized species, only the tribes Senecioneae and Astereae are larger. The name is de ...

within the family

Asteraceae The family Asteraceae, alternatively Compositae, consists of over 32,000 known species of flowering plants in over 1,900 genera within the order Asterales. Commonly referred to as the aster, daisy, composite, or sunflower family, Compositae w ...

. Members of the genus, commonly known as rosinweeds, are

herbaceous Herbaceous plants are vascular plants that have no persistent woody stems above ground. This broad category of plants includes many perennials, and nearly all annuals and biennials. Definitions of "herb" and "herbaceous" The fourth edition of t ...

perennial plant A perennial plant or simply perennial is a plant that lives more than two years. The term ('' per-'' + '' -ennial'', "through the years") is often used to differentiate a plant from shorter-lived annuals and biennials. The term is also wide ...

s growing to to more than tall, with yellow (rarely white) flowerheads that resemble

sunflower The common sunflower (''Helianthus annuus'') is a large annual forb of the genus ''Helianthus'' grown as a crop for its edible oily seeds. Apart from cooking oil production, it is also used as livestock forage (as a meal or a silage plant), as ...

s. In the rosinweeds, the outer

floret This glossary of botanical terms is a list of definitions of terms and concepts relevant to botany and plants in general. Terms of plant morphology are included here as well as at the more specific Glossary of plant morphology and Glossary o ...

s in the head are fertile and the inner florets are sterile; in the sunflowers, the reverse is true. The name of the genus comes from the

Ancient Greek Ancient Greek includes the forms of the Greek language used in ancient Greece and the ancient world from around 1500 BC to 300 BC. It is often roughly divided into the following periods: Mycenaean Greek (), Dark Ages (), the Archaic peri ...

word for a North African plant whose identity has been lost, though it is known its gum or juice was prized by the ancients as a medicine and a condiment.

Species

Species in the genus include:Flann, C (ed) 2009+ Global Compositae Checklist
* '' Silphium albiflorum'' A.Gray – white rosinweed – TX * ''

Silphium asteriscus ''Silphium asteriscus'', commonly called starry rosinweed, is an herbaceous plant in the family Asteraceae. It is native to the eastern United States, from Oklahoma and Texas east to Florida and Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvani ...

'' L. – starry rosinweed – TX OK LA AR MO IL IN KY TN AL MS GA FL SC NC VA WV OH MD PA NY * '' Silphium brachiatum'' Gatt. – Cumberland rosinweed – TN AL GA * '' Silphium compositum'' Michx. – kidneyleaf rosinweed – TN AL GA FL SC NC VA WV * '' Silphium glutinosum'' J.R. Allison AL * '' Silphium integrifolium'' Michx. – wholeleaf rosinweed – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO WY SD NE IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI MA ONT * ''

Silphium laciniatum ''Silphium laciniatum'' is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae known commonly as compassplant or compass plant. It is native to North America, where it occurs in Ontario in Canada and the eastern and central United States as fa ...

'' L. – compassplant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI VA PA NY ONT * '' Silphium laeve'' Hook. * '' Silphium mohrii'' Small – Mohr's rosinweed – TN AL GA * ''

Silphium perfoliatum ''Silphium perfoliatum'', the cup plant or cup-plant, is a species of flowering plant in the family Asteraceae, native to eastern and central North America. It is an erect herbaceous perennial with triangular toothed leaves, and daisy-like yell ...

'' L. – cup plant – NM TX LA OK AR MO KS CO SD ND NE MN IA IL IN KY TN MS AL WI MI NC VA DE PA NY NJ CT RI MA VT NH ME ONT QUE NB * '' Silphium perplexum'' J.R.Allison – Old Cahaba rosinweed – AL * '' Silphium pinnatifidum'' Elliott – Cutleaf prairie dock – AL GA KY TN * '' Silphium radula'' Nutt. – roughstem rosinweed – KS MO AR OK TX LA * '' Silphium terebinthinaceum'' Jacq. – prairie rosinweed, prairie dock – IA MO AR MS AL GA SC NC VA WV TN KY OH IN IL WI MI NY ONT * '' Silphium ternatum'' Sessé & Moc. –

Mexico Mexico (Spanish: México), officially the United Mexican States, is a country in the southern portion of North America. It is bordered to the north by the United States; to the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; to the southeast by Guatema ...

* '' Silphium trifoliatum'' L. – whorled rosinweed – AL GA IN KY MD NC SC OH PA VA WV * '' Silphium wasiotense'' M.Medley – Appalachian rosinweed – KY TN Silphium integrifolium.jpg, '' Silphium integrifolium'' (rosinweed) flowers Silphium laciniatum leaves (9292304354).jpg, ''

'' (compass plant) leaves Durchwachsene Silphie (Silphium perfoliatum) Aug13@03.jpg, ''

'' (cup plant) flowers in

Lower Saxony Lower Saxony (german: Niedersachsen ; nds, Neddersassen; stq, Läichsaksen) is a German state (') in northwestern Germany. It is the second-largest state by land area, with , and fourth-largest in population (8 million in 2021) among the 16 ...

Germany Germany,, officially the Federal Republic of Germany, is a country in Central Europe. It is the second most populous country in Europe after Russia, and the most populous member state of the European Union. Germany is situated betwe ...

Silphium terebinthinaceum leaves.jpg, '' Silphium terebinthinaceum'' (prairie dock) leaves

Formerly included

Numerous species are now regarded as members of the genera '' Berlandiera'' and ''

Verbesina ''Verbesina'', many species of which have crownbeard as part of their common names, is a genus of flowering plants, in the family Asteraceae. It is a large genus of about 350 species. All the species bear white or yellow flowers similar to small ...

''.

References

External links

* * * {{Taxonbar, from=Q729352 Asteraceae genera Flora of North America

Species

Formerly included

See also

References

External links