Shyoltozero ( rus, Шёлтозеро, p=ˈʂoltəzʲɪrə; vep, Šoutjärv’; krl, Šoutjärvi; fi, Soutjärvi) is a
rural locality
In general, a rural area or a countryside is a geographic area that is located outside towns and cities. Typical rural areas have a low population density and small settlements. Agricultural areas and areas with forestry typically are describ ...
(a ''
selo'') in
Prionezhsky District
Prionezhsky District (russian: Прионе́жский райо́н; krl, Prionežjen piiri; vep, Änižröunan rajon; olo, Oniegan rannikon piiri) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. ...
of the
Republic of Karelia
The Republic of Karelia (russian: Респу́блика Каре́лия, Respublika Kareliya; ; krl, Karjalan tašavalta; ; fi, Karjalan tasavalta; vep, Karjalan Tazovaldkund, Ludic: ''Kard’alan tazavald''), also known as just Karelia (rus ...
,
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
, located close to the shore of
Lake Onega
Lake Onega (; also known as Onego, rus, Оне́жское о́зеро, r=Onezhskoe ozero, p=ɐˈnʲɛʂskəɪ ˈozʲɪrə; fi, Ääninen, Äänisjärvi; vep, Änine, Änižjärv) is a lake in northwestern Russia, on the territory of the Repu ...
, south of
Petrozavodsk
Petrozavodsk (russian: Петрозаводск, p=pʲɪtrəzɐˈvotsk; Karelian, Vepsian and fi, Petroskoi) is the capital city of the Republic of Karelia, Russia, which stretches along the western shore of Lake Onega for some . The population ...
, the
capital
Capital may refer to:
Common uses
* Capital city, a municipality of primary status
** List of national capital cities
* Capital letter, an upper-case letter Economics and social sciences
* Capital (economics), the durable produced goods used f ...
of the republic. Shyoltozero is the cultural center of the north
Veps people, and during 1994–2004 it was the territorial center of
Veps National Volost Veps National Volost (russian: Ве́псская национа́льная во́лость, ''Vepsskaya natsionalnaya volost''; vep, Vepsän rahvahaline volost’) was a municipal autonomy (a ''volost'') of North Vepses in Prionezhsky District o ...
.
Etymology
In the place name ''Šoutjärv’'' one can see the sound change ''*l'' > ''u'', which has occurred in Veps throughout (cf.
Finn. ''kolme'' ~ Veps ''koum'' ‘three’). When considered together with the testimony of old Russian maps, it is clear that the earlier Veps name has been ''*Šoltjärvi''. Thus this place name has nothing to do with the Finnish word ''soutaa'' (‘to row’), and the frequently used Finnish form ''Soutjärvi'' is based on an incorrect etymology.
[Irma Mullonen. "Очерки вепсской топонимии", p. 113. Nauka, St. Petersburg 1994.]
History
Shyoltozero was mentioned for the first time in 1453 by the Archbishop of Novgorod. Originally it was situated to the southwest of the present location, by the lake which on older Russian maps is showns as Shyoltozero. At some point, the inhabitants moved to where Shyoltozero is now located, while the original site became known as ''Kodijär’v'' (Veps for "home lake").
Before the 1920s, Shyoltozero and neighboring villages formed the Shyoltozero
pogost
''Pogost'' (russian: погост, from Old East Slavic: погостъ) is a historical term with several meanings in the Russian language. It has also been borrowed into Latgalian (''pogosts''), Finnish (''pogosta'') and Latvian (''pagasts'') ...
, which was a part of
Petrozavodsky Uyezd Petrozavodsky Uyezd (russian: Петрозаводский уезд) was one of the seven subdivisions of the Olonets Governorate of the Russian Empire. Its capital was Petrozavodsk. Petrozavodsky Uyezd was located in the central part of the governo ...
. With the advent of the Soviet state, the pogost became a part of
Shyoltozersky District, which was dissolved in 1957 and became a part of
Prionezhsky District
Prionezhsky District (russian: Прионе́жский райо́н; krl, Prionežjen piiri; vep, Änižröunan rajon; olo, Oniegan rannikon piiri) is an administrative district (raion), one of the fifteen in the Republic of Karelia, Russia. ...
.
During the post-Soviet era, Shyoltozero functioned as the territorial center of
Veps National Volost Veps National Volost (russian: Ве́псская национа́льная во́лость, ''Vepsskaya natsionalnaya volost''; vep, Vepsän rahvahaline volost’) was a municipal autonomy (a ''volost'') of North Vepses in Prionezhsky District o ...
, which existed in 1994–2004. After the volost was dissolved, its inhabited localities became directly subordinated to Prionezhsky District.
Municipally, they became a part of
Shyoltozerskoye Rural Settlement within Prionezhsky Municipal District.
Demographics
During the 2002 Census, it was reported that the population was 1,039, but in a study conducted in the mid-1990s, it was found that the population was ca. 970, of which 61% were Veps or of Veps descent, 7% were other
Baltic Finnic ethnicities, and 32% were
Russians
, native_name_lang = ru
, image =
, caption =
, population =
, popplace =
118 million Russians in the Russian Federation (2002 ''Winkler Prins'' estimate)
, region1 =
, pop1 ...
and other
East Slavic ethnicities.
[P. Hallamaa: "Fieldwork Among Speakers of Endangered Languages: Methodology, Reality and Social Advocacy." In: Jussi Niemi, Terence Odlin & Janne Heikkinen (eds.): ''Language Contact, Variation and Change'', pp. 70–97, Studies in Languages 32. University of Joensuu, Faculty of Humanities, 1998.]
Culture
![Shyoltozero Pochtovaya28 002 8059](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9e/Shyoltozero_Pochtovaya28_002_8059.jpg)
The
Lonin Museum of Veps Ethnography
The Rjurik Lonin Museum of Veps Ethnography in Sholtozero (russian: Шeлтозерский вепсский этнографический музей имени Р. Лонина, Sholtozerskiĭ vepsskiĭ ètnograficheskiĭ muzeĭ imeni R. Lonina ...
in Shyltozero
[Шёлтозерский вепсский этнографический музей имени Р. Лонина](_blank)
/ref> was founded in 1967 by a resident of Shyoltozero, sovkhoz
A sovkhoz ( rus, совхо́з, p=sɐfˈxos, a=ru-sovkhoz.ogg, abbreviated from ''советское хозяйство'', "sovetskoye khozyaystvo (sovkhoz)"; ) was a form of state-owned farm in the Soviet Union.
It is usually contrasted wit ...
worker Ryurik Lonin
Rjurik Petrovič Lonin ( rus, Рю́рик Петро́вич Ло́нин, ''Ryurik Petrovich Lonin''; born 22 September 1930 in Kaskezruchey (Kaskez’), Karelian ASSR, Soviet Union – 17 July 2009 in Shyoltozero (Šoutar’v), Prionezhskiĭ ...
(1930–2009), who was originally from the village of Kaskesruchey. The museum was first housed in the library building, but then moved to a dedicated building. In the 1980s, the museum moved yet again, to its present location in a mid-19th century building, which is considered to be a monument of Karelian wooden architecture.
The museum also includes the Tuchin House that is located behind the Melkin House. During the Continuation War
The Continuation War, also known as the Second Soviet-Finnish War, was a conflict fought by Finland and Nazi Germany against the Soviet Union from 1941 to 1944, as part of World War II.; sv, fortsättningskriget; german: Fortsetzungskrieg. A ...
, it was the home of Dmitry Tuchin and his wife Mariya, who accommodated Soviet partisans
Soviet partisans were members of resistance movements that fought a guerrilla war against Axis forces during World War II in the Soviet Union, the previously Soviet-occupied territories of interwar Poland in 1941–45 and eastern Finland. The ...
in their house. Also a woman of Finnish extraction, Sylvi Paaso, lived in this house for eight months and radioed information on the movements of the Finnish troops to the Soviet military
The Soviet Armed Forces, the Armed Forces of the Soviet Union and as the Red Army (, Вооружённые Силы Советского Союза), were the armed forces of the Russian SFSR (1917–1922), the Soviet Union (1922–1991), and th ...
. The novel ''The Operation in the Vacuum Zone'' by Oleg Tikhonov tells about this period.
References
{{Authority control
Rural localities in the Republic of Karelia
Petrozavodsky Uyezd
Vepsia