, image =
, caption =
, reign = 7 April 1501 – 14 March 1527
, coronation = 18 April 1501 or 10 May 1501
, succession =
King of Ava
, predecessor =
Minkhaung II
Minkhaung II ( my, ဒုတိယ မင်းခေါင် ; 9 October 1446 – 7 April 1501) was king of Ava from 1480 to 1501. His 20-year reign was the beginning of the decline of Ava's hold on Upper Burma. Yamethin, a region to the east ...
, successor =
Thohanbwa
Thohanbwa ( my, သိုဟန်ဘွား, ; Shan: သိူဝ်ႁၢၼ်ၾႃ့; 1505 – May 1542) was king of Ava from 1527 to 1542. The eldest son of Sawlon of Mohnyin was a commander who actively participated in Monhyin's numer ...
, suc-type = Successor
, reg-type =
, regent =
, spouse = Salin Minthami
Salin Minthami Lat
Dhamma Dewi Taungdwin Mibaya
Min Taya Hnamadaw
, issue = Mingyi Nyo of Ava, Mingyi Nyo
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 128] Mingyi Htwe of Ava, Mingyi Htwe
Baydaw Hnama
Sanda Dewi
Sanda Dewi ( my, စန္ဒာဒေဝီ ; pi, Candādevī) was one of the three principal queens of King Bayinnaung of Burma from 1553 to 1581. She was also a queen of the last two kings of Prome Kingdom from 1532 to 1542. She was the matern ...
[Tun Aung Chain 2004: 122]
, issue-link =
, full name = Min Swe
, house = Mohnyin
, father =
Minkhaung II
Minkhaung II ( my, ဒုတိယ မင်းခေါင် ; 9 October 1446 – 7 April 1501) was king of Ava from 1480 to 1501. His 20-year reign was the beginning of the decline of Ava's hold on Upper Burma. Yamethin, a region to the east ...
, mother =
Atula Thiri Dhamma Dewi
, birth_date = 22 September 1476
Sunday, 5th waxing of
Thadingyut
Thadingyut ( my, သီတင်းကျွတ်) is the seventh month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Myanmar term "thadin" (သီတင်း) means the Buddhist Lent (Vassa), which spans the three preceding lunar months and is the tradi ...
838
ME[Zata 1960: 47, 78]
, birth_place =
Ava (Inwa)
, death_date =
12th waxing of
Late Tagu 888 ME
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 137]
, death_place = Ava
, date of burial =
, place of burial =
, religion =
Theravada Buddhism
''Theravāda'' () ( si, ථේරවාදය, my, ထေရဝါဒ, th, เถรวาท, km, ថេរវាទ, lo, ເຖຣະວາດ, pi, , ) is the most commonly accepted name of Buddhism's oldest existing school. The school' ...
, signature =
Shwenankyawshin Narapati ( my, ရွှေနန်းကြော့ရှင် နရပတိ, ; 22 September 1476 – 14 March 1527) was king of
Ava from 1501 to 1527. His reign saw the disintegration of the Ava Kingdom. He spent much of his reign fighting back the attacks from the
Confederation of Shan States
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called ''muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India.
The term "Shan States" was first ...
. But his efforts ultimately proved unsuccessful. The king died fighting while defending his capital from Confederation attacks, after which Ava Kingdom was taken over by the Confederation.
Early life and accession
Shwenankyawshin was born
Min
Min or MIN may refer to:
Places
* Fujian, also called Mǐn, a province of China
** Min Kingdom (909–945), a state in Fujian
* Min County, a county of Dingxi, Gansu province, China
* Min River (Fujian)
* Min River (Sichuan)
* Mineola (Am ...
Swe to King
Minkhaung II
Minkhaung II ( my, ဒုတိယ မင်းခေါင် ; 9 October 1446 – 7 April 1501) was king of Ava from 1480 to 1501. His 20-year reign was the beginning of the decline of Ava's hold on Upper Burma. Yamethin, a region to the east ...
and Chief Queen Atula Thiri Dhamma Dewi on 22 September 1476. He was the second of four children of the couple. He had an elder brother
Thihatura II and two younger sisters Soe Min and Min Pwa Saw.
[Hmannna Vol. 2 2003: 111] As the second eldest son of the chief queen, Min Swe was a senior prince but was not the heir apparent. Minkhaung II upon his accession anointed his eldest son Thihathura II heir apparent, and him the joint-king in 1485.
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 111, 115] The arrangement stayed until March 1501 when Thihathura II suddenly died, and Shwenankyawshin was made the heir-apparent. But when Minkhaung II also died a month later on 7 April 1501 (5th waning of Late Tagu 862 ME), Shwenankyawshin found himself king.
[Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 119] His coronation took place on either 18 April 1501 (1st waxing of Kason 863 ME)
[Maha Yazawin Vol. 2 2006: 101] or 10 May 1501 (9th waning of Kason 863).
[ In the Burmese royal tradition, he took the chief queen of Thihathura as his chief queen.][Hmannan Vol. 2 2003: 120]
Reign
Start of rebellions
Like his predecessors before him, the new king at Ava had to reestablish his authority over the vassal states. At first, the long-term rebellion by his uncle Minye Kyawswa of Yamethin Minye ( grc, Μινύη) was a town in ancient Thessaly. It is mentioned in an inscription dated to the 2nd century BCE from Pelasgiotis
Pelasgiotis ( grc, Πελασγιῶτις, Pelasgiōtis) was an elongated district of ancient Thessaly, e ...
ended with the latter's death in June/July 1501 (Waso 863 ME, 16 June to 15 July 1501). But rebellions resumed almost immediately. In November/December 1501 (Natdaw 863 ME, 11 November to 9 December 1501), Nawrahta of Yamethin
Anawrahta (1014–1077) was the founder of the Pagan Empire.
Anawrahta or Nawrahta may refer to:
People
* Anawrahta I of Sagaing (1313–1339), or Shwetaungtet, king of Sagaing 1335/36 – 1339
* Anawrahta II of Sagaing (1326–1349), or Nawrah ...
, the eldest son of Thihathura II, sent an assassin to kill Shwenankyawshin, which nearly succeeded. Both the assassin and Nawrahta were caught. Nawrahta, of being royal blood, was drowned.[
]
War with the Confederation of Shan states
However, anti-Ava forces had increasingly become more pronounced in his reign. Throughout his reign, the Confederation of Shan States
The Shan States (1885–1948) were a collection of minor Shan kingdoms called ''muang'' whose rulers bore the title ''saopha'' in British Burma. They were analogous to the princely states of British India.
The term "Shan States" was first ...
, made up of former Ava vassal states, launched their relentless attacks, and gradually absorbed Avan territory from the north, while their ally Prome
Pyay (, ; mnw, ပြန် , ; also known as Prome and Pyè) is principal town of Pyay Township in the Bago Region in Myanmar. Pyay is located on the bank of the Irrawaddy River, north-west of Yangon. It is an important trade center for the Ayey ...
(Pyay) took Avan territory in the south. In 1505–1506, the Confederation forces led by Sawlon
Sawlon of Mohnyin ( my, မိုးညှင်းစလုံ ; 1486–1533) was saopha of the Shan state of Mohnyin in the early the 16th century. He is best remembered in History of Burma, Burmese history as the conqueror of Ava Kingdom.
Saw ...
, the saopha of Mohnyin
Mohnyin ( my, မိုးညှင်း, ; Shan:မိူင်းယၢင်း) is a town in Kachin State, Myanmar. It is the administrative center for both Mohnyin Township and Mohnyin District and it has a population of 33,290.
History
T ...
, raided Avan territory all the way down to Dabayin
Depeyin ( my, ဒီပဲယင်း; also spelled Dabayin, Debayin, Depayin, or Tabayin) is a town in the Sagaing Division in Myanmar.
Etymology
The town's classical name is (), which means 'continental theatre' or 'dyed field' in Pali. Acc ...
while Prome raided up to Magwe in 1508–1509.[Sein Lwin Lay 2006: 104] A desperate Narapati tried to keep Toungoo
Taungoo (, ''Tauñngu myoú''; ; also spelled Toungoo) is a district-level city in the Bago Region of Myanmar, 220 km from Yangon, towards the north-eastern end of the division, with mountain ranges to the east and west. The main industr ...
(Taungoo) as an ally by giving the all important Kyaukse
Kyaukse ( my, ကျောက်ဆည် မြို့, ) is town and capital of Kyaukse District in Mandalay Region, Myanmar. Lying on the Zawgyi River, 25 miles (40 km) south of Mandalay, it is served by the Mandalay-Yangon (Rangoon) railway ...
granary to the nominally vassal kingdom but Mingyi Nyo
, image = File:Mingyi Nyo.jpg
, caption = Statue of Mingyi Nyo in Taungoo
, reign = 16 October 1510 – 24 November 1530
, coronation = 11 April 1511
, succession = King of Toung ...
of Toungoo declared independence in October 1510, and gave no help. Ava's only steadfast ally was Hsipaw
Hsipaw ( shn, သီႇပေႃႉ; Tai Nuea: ᥔᥤᥴ ᥙᥨᥝᥳ), also known as Thibaw ( my, သီပေါ), is the principal town of Hsipaw Township in Shan State, Myanmar on the banks of the Duthawadi River. It is north-east of Mandal ...
(Thibaw) led by its saopha
Chao-Pha (; Ahom language, Tai Ahom: 𑜋𑜧𑜨 𑜇𑜡, th, เจ้าฟ้า}, shn, ၸဝ်ႈၾႃႉ, translit=Jao3 Fa5 Jao3 Fa5, my, စော်ဘွား ''Sawbwa,'' ) was a royal title used by the hereditary rulers of the T ...
Hkonmaing
Hkonmaing ( my, ခုံမှိုင်း , shn, ၶုၼ်မိူင်း; also Hkonmaing Nge, Sao Hkun Mong;Aung Tun 2009: 104 1497–1545) was king of Ava from 1542 to 1545. The ''saopha'' of the Shan state of Onbaung–Hsipaw wa ...
.[Harvey 1925: 104–107]
Troubles continued. Sawlon seized Bhamo
Bhamo ( my, ဗန်းမော်မြို့ ''ban: mau mrui.'', also spelt Banmaw; shn, မၢၼ်ႈမူဝ်ႇ; tdd, ᥛᥫᥒᥰ ᥛᥨᥝᥱ; zh, 新街, Hsinkai) is a city in Kachin State in northern Myanmar, south of the ...
, Hsipaw's vassal in 1511, and raided deep into Upper Burma in 1517–1518. In 1519, the Shan state of Kale also revolted, and Ava had to reclaim it.[ By the early 1520s, Avan territory had shrunk so much that it was not much bigger than its former vassal states. In late 1523, the Confederation and Prome jointly attacked Ava's territories from the north and the south. Ava with Hsipaw fought back but gradually got squeezed in. A year and half later, on 22 March 1525, the combined armies sacked Ava, forcing Narapati and Hkonmaing to flee the city. In 1527, the Confederation forces again came back and laid siege to Ava. On 14 March 1527, the king died from a gunshot wound while fighting in the battle.][ The Confederation took Ava, and their leader ]Sawlon
Sawlon of Mohnyin ( my, မိုးညှင်းစလုံ ; 1486–1533) was saopha of the Shan state of Mohnyin in the early the 16th century. He is best remembered in History of Burma, Burmese history as the conqueror of Ava Kingdom.
Saw ...
made his son Thohanbwa
Thohanbwa ( my, သိုဟန်ဘွား, ; Shan: သိူဝ်ႁၢၼ်ၾႃ့; 1505 – May 1542) was king of Ava from 1527 to 1542. The eldest son of Sawlon of Mohnyin was a commander who actively participated in Monhyin's numer ...
king of Ava, making it just another Shan state.[ The conquest ended Ava's 163-year (1364–1527) role as the dominant power in ]Upper Burma
Upper Myanmar ( my, အထက်မြန်မာပြည်, also called Upper Burma) is a geographic region of Myanmar, traditionally encompassing Mandalay and its periphery (modern Mandalay, Sagaing, Magway Regions), or more broadly speak ...
(Myanmar). Many people from Ava fled to Toungoo, the only remaining safe haven.
Namesake
The king is posthumously remembered as ''Shwenankyawshin'' (lit. "Lord of Exquisite Golden Palace) because he built a new "exquisite golden palace" at Ava on 22 February 1511 (Saturday, 9th waning of Tabaung
Tabaung ( my, တပေါင်း) is the twelfth and final month of the traditional Burmese calendar.
Festivals and observances
*Tabaung Festival (Magha Puja) - full moon of Tabaung
* Sand Pagoda Festival ()
*28 Pagoda Parade Festival, Pyinman ...
872 ME).[Khin Khin Aye 2007: 61]
References
Bibliography
*
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{{Burmese monarchs
Ava dynasty
1476 births
1527 deaths
16th-century Burmese monarchs