Shukrullah Mubarakpuri (1895,1896 - 23 March 1942) was an

Indian Indian or Indians may refer to: Peoples South Asia * Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor ** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country * South Asia ...

Sunni Sunni Islam () is the largest branch of Islam, followed by 85–90% of the world's Muslims. Its name comes from the word '' Sunnah'', referring to the tradition of Muhammad. The differences between Sunni and Shia Muslims arose from a disagr ...

Islamic scholar. He was a leader and political activist in the

Indian independence movement The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British Raj, British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947. The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged ...

Birth and education

Shukrullah Mubarakpuri was born in 1895 or 1896 in Pura Rani,

Mubarakpur Mubarakpur is a town and a municipal board in Azamgarh district in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is located at a distance of 13 km north-east of the district headquarters in Azamgarh. Geography Mubarakpur is located at . It has ...

. His father, originally from Kopaganj had settled in

. Mubarakpuri studied books of Arabic with Muhammad Mahmood Maroofi in Madrasa Ihya al-Ulum in

and later studied rational sciences in a Madrasa based in Laharpur, Sitapur. His teachers in that Madrasa were Hyder Hasan Shah and Fayzullah, from whom he studied ''Sharah Mutala'', ''Tawzeeh Talweeh'', ''Laaiq al-Mubin'' etc. He then studied rational sciences with Majid Ali Jaunpuri in Mendhu,

Aligarh Aligarh (; formerly known as Allygarh, and Kol) is a city in the state of Uttar Pradesh in India. It is the administrative headquarters of Aligarh district, and lies northwest of state capital Lucknow and approximately southeast of the capita ...

. He studied the books ''Mirqat'', ''Tehzeeb'', ''Sharah Tehzeeb'' ''Sharah Jaami'', ''Mulla Hasan'', ''Hadya Sadiya'', ''al-Jawahir al-Galiyah'', ''Maybzi'', ''Hamdullah'' and ''Qazi Mubarak'' from Majid Ali Jaunpuri. He then left for the

Darul Uloom Deoband The Darul Uloom Deoband is an Islamic seminary (darul uloom) in India at which the Sunni Deobandi Islamic movement began. It is located in Deoband, a town in Saharanpur district, Uttar Pradesh. The seminary was established by Muhammad Qasim ...

, where he studied under

Anwar Shah Kashmiri Anwar Shah Kashmiri (known with honorifics as ''Sayyid Muḥammad Anwar Shāh ibn Mu‘aẓẓam Shāh al-Kashmīrī''; 16 November 1875 – 28 May 1933) was a Kashmiri Muslim scholar and jurist who served as the first principal of Madrasa Ami ...

Shabbir Ahmad Usmani Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (11 October 188713 December 1949) was an Islamic scholar who supported the Pakistan Movement in the 1940s. He was a religious scholar, writer, orator, politician, and expert in Tafsir and Hadith. Born in 1887 in Bijnor, U ...

, Mian Syed Asghar Hussain Deobandi and

Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad Hafiz Muhammad Ahmad (also known as Muhammad Ahmad Nanautawi) (1862-1930) was an Indian Muslim scholar, who served as the Vice Chancellor of the Darul Uloom Deoband for thirty five years. He was the Grand Mufti of the Hyderabad State from 1922 t ...

. He graduated in 1336 AH.

Career

Hakeem Elahi Bakhsh appointed Shukrullah Mubarakpuri as Chancellor of the Madrasa Ihya al-Ulum,

in 1918 (1336 AH). Shukrullah Mubarakpuri participated in the

Khilafat Movement The Khilafat Movement (1919–24), also known as the Caliphate movement or the Indian Muslim movement, was a pan-Islamist political protest campaign launched by Muslims of British India led by Shaukat Ali, Maulana Mohammad Ali Jauhar, Hakim Ajma ...

and was also jailed for six months in 1923 for his

Satyagraha Satyagraha ( sa, सत्याग्रह; ''satya'': "truth", ''āgraha'': "insistence" or "holding firmly to"), or "holding firmly to truth",' or "truth force", is a particular form of nonviolent resistance or civil resistance. Someone w ...

activities against British colonialism. He supervised the construction of Jama Mosque in

. Its foundation was laid on 1 June 1940. He also supervised the construction of the Eidgah, which was completed by 1357 AH. He mostly taught books on rational sciences. He was known for debates with

Shias Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most n ...

and

Barelvi The Barelvi movement ( ur, بَریلوِی, , ), also known as Ahl al-Sunnah wa'l-Jamaah (People of the Prophet's Way and the Community) is a Sunni revivalist movement following the Hanafi and Shafi'i school of jurisprudence, with strong Suf ...

s. He was also a Mufti. His rulings, if collected would fill volumes.

Students

His students include: * Athar Mubarakpuri, Islamic author and historian. *

Nizamuddin Asir Adrawi Nizāmuddīn Asīr Adrawi (also known as Asīr Adrawi; 1926 – 20 May 2021) was an Indian Sunni Muslim scholar, biographer, historian and author in the Urdu language. He established Madrassa Darus Salam in Adari and served as Officer In Charg ...

, Islamic author and scholar. *Nizamuddin Azmi, former Grand Mufti

. *Abdul Jabbar Maroofi, former Shaykh al-Hadith Jamia Qasmia Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad. *Abdul Bari Azmi, former chancellor Madrasa Ehya al-Ulum,

. *Abdus Sattar Maroofi, former Shaykh al-Hadith Nadwatul Ulama, Lucknow.

Death

Mubarakpuri died on 23 March 1942 (5 Rabi' al-awwal 1361 AH) at the time of Duhaprayer (optional prayer in the morning, also known as Chasht in Urdu).

References

{{reflist * * * * Deobandis 1895 births 1942 deaths Indian Islamic religious leaders People from Azamgarh district Darul Uloom Deoband alumni