This article contains the family trees of members of the Liu clan, who ruled the state of

Shu Han Han (; 221–263), known in historiography as Shu Han ( ) or Ji Han ( "Junior Han"), or often shortened to Shu (; pinyin: ''shŭ'' <

Three Kingdoms The Three Kingdoms () from 220 to 280 AD was the tripartite division of China among the dynastic states of Cao Wei, Shu Han, and Eastern Wu. The Three Kingdoms period was preceded by the Han dynasty#Eastern Han, Eastern Han dynasty and wa ...

period (220-280) in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

. They were related to the House of Liu, the imperial clan of the

Han dynasty The Han dynasty (, ; ) was an imperial dynasty of China (202 BC – 9 AD, 25–220 AD), established by Liu Bang (Emperor Gao) and ruled by the House of Liu. The dynasty was preceded by the short-lived Qin dynasty (221–207 BC) and a warr ...

Liu Bei's ancestors

Liu Bei Liu Bei (, ; ; 161 – 10 June 223), courtesy name Xuande (), was a warlord in the late Eastern Han dynasty who founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period and became its first ruler. Although he was a distant relative of the H ...

's biography in the ''Sanguozhi'' stated that Liu Bei was a descendant of Liu Sheng (Prince of Zhongshan), who was a son of Emperor Jing. Liu Sheng's son was Liu Zhen. However, the ''Dianlue'' claimed that Liu Bei descended from the Marquis of Linyi. Based on historical records in the ''Han Shu'' and the ''Houhanshu'', there were two Marquis of Linyi lineages which could be traced to Emperor Jing's sons, hence there were another two lines from which Liu Bei could have possibly descended. The central line in the family tree below shows the Liu Sheng lineage, while the other two show the Marquis of Linyi lineages.

Liu Bei

's father was Liu Hong. Liu Hong's father was Liu Xiong. Liu Bei's uncle was Liu Zijing. Liu Bei had four wives:

Lady Gan Lady Gan (died 210) was a concubine of Liu Bei, the founding emperor of the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China and Liu Shan's mother. She was later posthumously honoured as Lady Huangsi which means "the Lady whom the Emperor ...

Lady Mi Lady Mi (190s) was a younger sister of Liu Bei's associate Mi Zhu who arranged a marriage between her and Liu Bei after Liu Bei's wife or wives and children had been captured by Lü Bu in 196. Though information on her life is scarce, she is mos ...

Lady Sun Lady Sun (180s - 211), also known as Sun Ren in the 14th-century historical novel ''Romance of the Three Kingdoms'' and Sun Shangxiang in Chinese opera and contemporary culture, was a Chinese noblewoman who lived during the late Eastern Han dyna ...

and Empress Mu. Lady Mi was the younger sister of

Mi Zhu Mi Zhu ( 165–221), courtesy name Zizhong, was a Chinese military general and politician who served under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty, during the Three Kingdoms period, after Liu Bei founded the state of Shu Han. He was a ...

and

Mi Fang Mi Fang (died 223), courtesy name Zifang, was a Chinese military general and politician serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He was also the younger brother of Mi Zhu, who also served Liu Bei. In 219, Mi Fang surren ...

; Lady Sun was

Sun Quan Sun Quan (, Chinese: 孫權) (183 – 21 May 252), courtesy name Zhongmou (), posthumously known as Emperor Da of Wu, was the founder of the Eastern Wu dynasty, one of the Three Kingdoms of China. He inherited control of the warlord regime es ...

's younger sister (see

Eastern Wu family trees This article contains the family trees of members of the Sun clan, who ruled the state of Eastern Wu (229–280), in the Three Kingdoms period (220–280), in China. Sun Jian, Sun Qiang and Sun Jing Sun Jian was an alleged descendant of ...

for details); Empress Mu, née Wu, was Wu Yi's younger sister. Lady Gan bore

Liu Shan Liu Shan () (207–271), courtesy name Gongsi, was the second and last emperor of the state of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period. As he ascended the throne at the age of 16, Liu Shan was entrusted to the care of the Chancellor Zhuge Lia ...

. Liu Yong and Liu Li were also Liu Bei's sons and were Liu Shan's younger half-brothers. Liu Yong and Liu Li were born to different mothers. Liu Bei had two daughters, who were captured by

Cao Chun Cao Chun (died 210), courtesy name Zihe, was a military officer serving under the warlord Cao Cao during the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. He was a younger second cousin of Cao Cao, and is best known for leading the "Tiger and Leopard Cava ...

during the

Battle of Changban The Battle of Changban was fought between the warlords Cao Cao and Liu Bei in October 208 in the late Eastern Han dynasty of China. The battle took place at Changban (長坂; south of present-day Duodao District, Jingmen, Hubei). Background ...

Liu Feng Liu Feng (died 220) was an adopted son of Liu Bei, a warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty and founded the state of Shu Han in the Three Kingdoms period of China. He traced his lineage to a certain marquis whose family name was "Kou ...

was Liu Bei's adopted son. Liu Li had two sons: Liu Yin and Liu Ji. Liu Yin's son was Liu Cheng. Liu Yong's grandson was Liu Xuan.(孫盛蜀世譜曰：璿弟，瑤、琮、瓚、諶、恂、璩六人。蜀敗，諶自殺，餘皆內徙。值永嘉大亂，子孫絕滅。唯永孫玄奔蜀，李雄偽署安樂公以嗣禪後。永和三年討李勢，盛參戎行，見玄於成都也。) ''Shu Shipu'' annotation in ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 34.

Liu Shan

had four wives: Empress Jing'ai, Empress Zhang, Lady Li and Lady Wang. Empress Jing'ai, née Zhang, was Empress Zhang's elder sister. Both of them were

Zhang Fei Zhang Fei () (died July or August 221 AD), courtesy name Yide, was a military general serving under the warlord Liu Bei in the late Eastern Han dynasty and early Three Kingdoms period of China. Zhang Fei and Guan Yu, who were among the earlies ...

's daughters. Lady Wang bore Liu Xuan. Liu Shan had another six sons: Liu Yao, Liu Cong, Liu Zan, Liu Chen, Liu Xun and Liu Qian.( ��熈元年春正月， ... 立子璿為太子，子瑤為安定王。... ��五年， ... 立子琮為西河王。... ��九年春， ... 秋八月， ... 是歲，立子瓚為新平王。... ��年夏六月，立子諶為北地王，恂為新興王，虔為上黨王。 ''Sanguozhi'' vol. 33. The identities of their mothers were not known.

References

{{reflist * Ban, Biao; Ban, Gu; Ban, Zhao. ''

Book of Han The ''Book of Han'' or ''History of the Former Han'' (Qián Hàn Shū,《前汉书》) is a history of China finished in 111AD, covering the Western, or Former Han dynasty from the first emperor in 206 BCE to the fall of Wang Mang in 23 CE. I ...

'' (''Han Shu''). * Chen, Shou. ''

Records of the Three Kingdoms The ''Records or History of the Three Kingdoms'', also known by its Chinese name as the Sanguo Zhi, is a Chinese historical text which covers the history of the late Eastern Han dynasty (c. 184–220 AD) and the Three Kingdoms period (220– ...

'' (''Sanguozhi''). * Fan, Ye. ''

Book of the Later Han The ''Book of the Later Han'', also known as the ''History of the Later Han'' and by its Chinese name ''Hou Hanshu'' (), is one of the Twenty-Four Histories and covers the history of the Han dynasty from 6 to 189 CE, a period known as the Later ...

'' (''Houhanshu''). * Pei, Songzhi. ''

Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms () by Pei Songzhi (372-451) is an annotation completed in the 5th century of the 3rd century historical text ''Records of the Three Kingdoms'', compiled by Chen Shou. After leaving his native land, Pei ...

'' (''Sanguozhi zhu''). Shu Han Dynasty genealogy

Liu Bei's ancestors

Liu Bei

Liu Shan

See also

References