is a

city A city is a human settlement of notable size.Goodall, B. (1987) ''The Penguin Dictionary of Human Geography''. London: Penguin.Kuper, A. and Kuper, J., eds (1996) ''The Social Science Encyclopedia''. 2nd edition. London: Routledge. It can be de ...

located in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated

population Population typically refers to the number of people in a single area, whether it be a city or town, region, country, continent, or the world. Governments typically quantify the size of the resident population within their jurisdiction using ...

of 44,581 in 17,691 households, and a

population density Population density (in agriculture: Stock (disambiguation), standing stock or plant density) is a measurement of population per unit land area. It is mostly applied to humans, but sometimes to other living organisms too. It is a key geographical ...

of 89.3 persons per km². The total area of the city is .

Geography

Shinshiro is located in east-central Aichi Prefecture. Much of the northern and eastern portion of the city area is covered in mountains and forest, and most is within the borders of the Aichi Kōgen Quasi-National Park

Climate

The city has a climate characterized by hot and humid summers, and relatively mild winters (

Köppen climate classification The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by German-Russian climatologist Wladimir Köppen (1846–1940) in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen, nota ...

''Cfa''). The average annual temperature in Shinshiro is . The average annual rainfall is with July as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in January, at around .

Demographics

Per Japanese census data,Shinshiro population statistics
/ref> the population of Shinshiro has started to decline rapidly over the past 20 years.

Neighboring municipalities

; Aichi Prefecture *

Toyohashi is a city in Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the city had an estimated population of 377,453 in 160,516 households and a population density of 1,400 persons per km2. The total area of the city was . By area, Toyohashi was Aichi Prefecture's second-la ...

Okazaki Okazaki may refer to: *Okazaki (surname) *Okazaki, Aichi, a city in Japan *Okazaki Castle, a castle in Japan *Okazaki fragments Okazaki fragments are short sequences of DNA nucleotides (approximately 150 to 200 base pairs long in eukaryotes) w ...

* Toyokawa *

Toyota is a Japanese multinational automotive manufacturer headquartered in Toyota City, Aichi, Japan. It was founded by Kiichiro Toyoda and incorporated on . Toyota is one of the largest automobile manufacturers in the world, producing about 10 ...

Kitashitara District is a rural district located in northeastern Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of 1 October 2019, the district had an estimated population of 8,595 and a population density of 15.5 persons per km2. Its total area was 554.51 km2. Towns and villag ...

, Tōei *

, Shitara ;

Shizuoka Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located in the Chūbu region of Honshu. Shizuoka Prefecture has a population of 3,637,998 and has a geographic area of . Shizuoka Prefecture borders Kanagawa Prefecture to the east, Yamanashi Prefecture to the north ...

* Hamamatsu（ Kita-ku, Tenryū-ku）

History

Battle-of-Nagashino-Map-Folding-Screen-1575

Middle Ages

The area of present-day Shinshiro was part of the territories of the Okudaira clan, the predecessors of the Matsudaira clan and

Tokugawa clan The is a Japanese dynasty that was formerly a powerful '' daimyō'' family. They nominally descended from Emperor Seiwa (850–880) and were a branch of the Minamoto clan (Seiwa Genji) through the Matsudaira clan. The early history of this cl ...

during the

Sengoku period The was a period in Japanese history of near-constant civil war and social upheaval from 1467 to 1615. The Sengoku period was initiated by the Ōnin War in 1467 which collapsed the feudal system of Japan under the Ashikaga shogunate. Variou ...

. Their stronghold, Nagashino Castle in what is now the northern part of Shinshiro, was the site of the

Battle of Nagashino The took place in 1575 near Nagashino Castle on the plain of Shitaragahara in the Mikawa Province of Japan. Takeda Katsuyori attacked the castle when Okudaira Sadamasa rejoined the Tokugawa, and when his original plot with Oga Yashiro for t ...

, between the forces of

Oda Nobunaga was a Japanese '' daimyō'' and one of the leading figures of the Sengoku period. He is regarded as the first "Great Unifier" of Japan. Nobunaga was head of the very powerful Oda clan, and launched a war against other ''daimyō'' to unif ...

and the

Takeda clan The was a Japanese samurai clan active from the late Heian period until the late 16th century. The clan was historically based in Kai Province in present-day Yamanashi Prefecture. The clan reached its greatest influence under the rule of T ...

Noda Castle was a Sengoku period castle located in eastern Mikawa Province in what is today part of the city of Shinshiro, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. History A fortified residence was constructed on this site by Suganuma Sadanori in 1508. The Suganuma clan ...

, at which

Takeda Shingen , of Kai Province, was a pre-eminent ''daimyō'' in feudal Japan. Known as the "Tiger of Kai", he was one of the most powerful Daimyo, daimyō with exceptional military prestige in the late stage of the Sengoku period. Shingen was a warlord of ...

was wounded at the

Siege of Noda The took place from January to February 1573, between the forces of the Takeda clan, led by the noted warlord Takeda Shingen, against the Tokugawa clan, led by Tokugawa Ieyasu. Along with the Battle of Mikatagahara it was one of the final battl ...

was also located within the borders of Shinshiro.

Early modern period

During the

Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional ''daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was character ...

, most of the area was '' tenryō'' territory ruled directly by the

Tokugawa shogunate The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in ...

through '' hatamoto'' administrators.

Late modern period

After the start of the

Meiji period The is an era of Japanese history that extended from October 23, 1868 to July 30, 1912. The Meiji era was the first half of the Empire of Japan, when the Japanese people moved from being an isolated feudal society at risk of colonization ...

, Shinshiro Town in Minamishitara District, Aichi Prefecture was proclaimed on 1 October 1889 with the establishment of the modern municipalities system.

Contemporary history

The area of the town expanded through annexation of neighboring villages in 1955 and 1956. The city of Shinshiro was proclaimed on 1 November 1958. On 1 October 2005, the town of

Hōrai Penglai () is a legendary land of Chinese mythology. It is known in Japanese mythology as Hōrai.McCullough, Helen. ''Classical Japanese Prose'', p. 570. Stanford Univ. Press, 1990. . Location According to the ''Classic of Mountains and Seas' ...

, and the village of

Tsukude was a village located in Minamishitara District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. As of May 1, 2004, the village had an estimated population of 3,263 and a . Its total area was . Geography Tsukude was located in east-central of Aichi Prefecture. Some ...

(both from Minamishitara District) were merged into Shinshiro. The city of Shinshiro now covers all of former Minamishitara District.

Government

Shinshiro has a mayor-council form of government with a directly elected mayor and a

unicameral Unicameralism (from ''uni''- "one" + Latin ''camera'' "chamber") is a type of legislature, which consists of one house or assembly, that legislates and votes as one. Unicameral legislatures exist when there is no widely perceived need for multi ...

city legislature of 18 members. The city contributes one member to the Aichi Prefectural Assembly. In terms of national politics, the city is part of Aichi District 14 of the lower house of the Diet of Japan.

Economy

Primary sector of the economy

Agriculture

Shinshiro is a regional commercial center, with the economy concentrated on agriculture, especially chicken farming, and light manufacturing.

Education

University

Aichi Shinshiro Otani University was a private university in Shinshiro, Aichi, Japan Japan ( ja, 日本, or , and formally , ''Nihonkoku'') is an island country in East Asia. It is situated in the northwest Pacific Ocean, and is bordered on the west by the Sea of J ...

now closed

Schools

Shinshiro has 13 public elementary schools and six public junior high schools operated by the city government, and one public high school operated by the Aichi Prefectural Board of Education. There is also one private high school.

Transportation

Railways

Conventional lines

;

Central Japan Railway Company * Iida Line：- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Roads

Expressways

Tōmei Expressway The is a national expressway on the island of Honshū in Japan. It is operated by Central Nippon Expressway Company. The expressway is designated as E1 under the "2016 Proposal for Realization of Expressway Numbering", because it parallels Na ...

* New Tōmei Expressway

Japan National Route

* * * *

External relations

Twin towns – Sister cities

International

* Neuchatel, Switzerland * New Castle, Pennsylvania, United States (since 12 November 1998) *

Newcastle upon Tyne Newcastle upon Tyne ( RP: , ), or simply Newcastle, is a city and metropolitan borough in Tyne and Wear, England. The city is located on the River Tyne's northern bank and forms the largest part of the Tyneside built-up area. Newcastle is a ...

, England

National

Taketoyo is a town located in Chita District, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. , the town had an estimated population of 43,147 in 18,392 households, and a population density of 1,636 persons per km2. The total area of the town was . Geography Taketoyo is locate ...

（ Aichi Prefecture,

Chūbu region The , Central region, or is a region in the middle of Honshū, Japan's main island. In a wide, classical definition, it encompasses nine prefectures (''ken''): Aichi, Fukui, Gifu, Ishikawa, Nagano, Niigata, Shizuoka, Toyama, and Y ...

） **since 1984

World New Castle summit

Shinshiro was part of the 1998 summit of worldwide cities named "New Castle" with:

Local attractions

*Site of Nagashino Castle *Site of

*Mount Hōraiji *

Hōraisan Tōshō-gū is a Shinto shrine located in the city of Shinshiro, Aichi Prefecture, Japan. It enshrines the deified first Shōgun of the Tokugawa shogunate, Tokugawa Ieyasu. History The Hōraisan Tōshō-gū was established by Shōgun Tokugawa Iemitsu as ...

shrine *Sakurabuchi Park *Yuya Onsen * Atera Seven Falls *Narusawa Waterfall *Thousand Rice Paddies of Yotsuya (Yotsuya Senmaida) *Fuka-ji Sakurabuchi park2.JPG, Sakurabuchi Park Horaijisan1.jpg, Mount Hōraiji Horaijisan2.jpg, Mount Hōraiji (Niōmon) Houraisantoushouguu1.JPG, Hōraisan Tōshō-gū Houraiji.jpg, Hōrai-ji NagashinoC Ushibuchibashi.jpg, Site of former Nagashino Castle Atera Nana Falls.jpg, Atera Seven Falls Narusawa waterfall.jpg, Narusawa Waterfall Yotsuyanosenmaida.jpg, Thousand Rice Paddies of Yotsuya (Yotsuya Senmaida) Yuya Onsen.jpg, Yuya Onsen Fukaji4.jpg, Fuka-ji

Notable people from Shinshiro

* Akihiro Ota, politician

References

External links

*
Shinshiro City official website
{{Authority control Cities in Aichi Prefecture