{{about, the industrial steel manufacturing process, the text mining technique, w-shingling
Shingling was a stage in the production of
bar iron
Wrought iron is an iron alloy with a very low carbon content (less than 0.08%) in contrast to that of cast iron (2.1% to 4%). It is a semi-fused mass of iron with fibrous slag inclusions (up to 2% by weight), which give it a wood-like "grai ...
puddling
A puddle is a small accumulation of liquid on a surface.
Puddle or Puddles may also refer to:
* Puddle, Cornwall, hamlet in England
* ''Puddle'' (video game)
* Puddle (M. C. Escher), a woodcut by M. C. Escher
* Weld puddle, a crucial part of the ...
processes. As with many ironmaking terms, this is derived from the French - ''cinglage''.
The product of the finery was a
bloom
Bloom or blooming may refer to:
Science and technology Biology
* Bloom, one or more flowers on a flowering plant
* Algal bloom, a rapid increase or accumulation in the population of algae in an aquatic system
* Jellyfish bloom, a collective n ...
or loop (from old Frankish ''luppa'' or '' lopp'', meaning a shapeless mass); that of the puddling furnace was a puddled ball. In each case, this needed to be consolidated by hammering it into a more regular shape. This was done manually with heavy hammers; later by a waterwheel or steam powered hammers, leading to modern power hammers. The result was an oblong-shaped iron product similar in appearance to shingles used on roofs. In the finery, this was part of the work of the finer; during puddling, it was done by a special workman called the shingler. The iron (or steel) then had to be further shaped (drawn out) under the hammer or rolled in a
rolling mill
In metalworking, rolling is a metal forming process in which metal stock is passed through one or more pairs of rolls to reduce the thickness, to make the thickness uniform, and/or to impart a desired mechanical property. The concept is sim ...
to produce a bar. In more recent times, the process was carried out using mechanical jaws to squeeze the puddled ball into shape.
References
* H. R. Schubert, ''History of the British iron and steel industry'' (1957), 285-6
* W. K. V. Gale, ''The iron and steel industry: a dictionary of terms'' (Newton Abbot, 1971), 184.
Metallurgical processes