Shinabe Clan

Shinabe refers to a human group or organization in Ancient times, Japan, with the Japanese prefix of ''Shinashina no tomono o'' or ''Tomonomiyatsuko''.

They descend from Tamanooya-no-Mikoto according to legend

Overview

* A general term for several or an entire division.
* In the Daika period, tribespeople who reported directly to the Imperial Court.
* Taika (era) in the pre-Daika period, the tribespeople directly under the imperial court. It is said to be the successor of the Occupation Department of the pre-Taika period.

It has multiple meanings as described above.

In the pre-Taika period, they were led by powerful clans such as the Banzo, and provided various goods and labor to the Imperial Court (Yamato Kingdom). It is also said that many of the groups of engineers who came to Japan after the latter half of the 5th century belonged to the Shinabe clan. After the Taika Reform, some of them were abolished, but the rest were reorganized and attached to government officials, who were obliged to produce luxury goods for the court and industrial products requiring special technology as part of tribute. In the staff ordinances within the Daihō ordinances, the affiliated government offices, the name of the product department, and the legal number of units were each defined as follows.

* Library - paper door (50)
* Gagaku-ryo - Gagaku (49), Kioto (8), Nara-fueki (9)
* Zouheiji - Zoukou - Zoukoudo...Tsume-kou (18), Tatehou (36), Bunbaku (16)
* Drum-blowers - drum-blowing doors (large angle blowers) (218)
* Chusenji - Funado (Funamorido) (100)
* Main falconer - falconer's door (falconry door) (17)
* Okura-sho - Komainoto...Oshikaido Komainoto (5), Takeshido Komainoto (7), Murakami Komainoto (30), Miyagun Komainoto (14), Dai Komainome (6), Koromoome (21), Asuka Kutsumi (12), Kuretokosaku (2), Futaumi (11), Okasami (33), Suddenly Saku (72)
* Lacquer Master - Lacquer Department...Lacquer (15), Claywork (10), Leatherwork (4)
* Weaving: Nishiki Twill Weaving (110), Kofuku Department (7), Kawauchi Kunihiro Silk Weavers, etc. (350), Scarlet Dyeing (70), Indigo Dyeing (33)
* Ōzenshoku - Zoukido...Ukai (37), Ejin (87), Amibiki (150), Mishou (20)
* Otsukuryo-Otsukurido (25)
* Otakiryo-Yakudo (75), Nyudo (50)
* Zōzakeji-Sakeido (185)
* Sonokoji - Sonoto (300)
* Earthworks - mud (51)
* Shusuiji - Hido (Mito) (114)

As for their status, they were considered to be good citizens like ordinary citizens (peasants), but their status was slightly inferior to that of ordinary citizens. However, they were less subordinate to the government, and were registered in the family register of their place of residence on the same basis as ordinary citizens, so there was almost no discrimination in treatment between them and ordinary citizens. In addition to the regular members who inherited their duties and status, there were also temporary members who were incorporated from the general public. In other cases, one person per household either worked in shifts for a certain period of time, or was temporarily assigned by the government to perform labor or pay a certain amount of tribute. In exchange, they were exempted from some or all of their household duties and were also excluded from military service.。

In the Nara period, in Yōrō 5 (721), the chief hawks were abolished, and in Tenpyō-hōji 3 (759), all hinto except for highly skilled "sekkyo-sōdensha" were, in principle, abolished and incorporated into the public domain. In 759, in principle, Shinto houses other than those for highly skilled "sekkyo-soden" were abolished and incorporated into public houses (treated as ordinary citizens). In the Heian period, only the Kofukishi of the Hyogo Dormitory were included in the Enki shiki. This is thought to have been due to a complicated combination of factors: the fact that the old tribal system itself was incompatible with the Ritsuryo system; the fact that the decline of the Ritsuryo system made it difficult to maintain the tribal system; and the fact that the improvement of socioeconomic standards made it possible to procure and hire services from the private sector (in this case, the private sector included those procured from the former tribal merchants and traders). In this case, the private sector included the commercial and industrial sectors of the former Shinbu.

In academic circles, it is sometimes referred to as ''Shinabe Zakkosei'' together with the similar organization of Zakkosei, but Zakkosei were engaged in military-related technical labor and had their own family registers that were different from the general family registers, and the legal status difference between them and the public was stronger than that of Shinabe. The legal status difference between them and the public is said to be stronger than that of the Shinabe.

Notes

References

* Kikuo Arai, "Shinabe" ("Encyclopedia of Japanese History 3" (Heibonsha, 1993) ISBN 978-4-582-13103-1)
* Masaaki Ueda, "Shinabe, Zodo" (Encyclopedia of Social Sciences 14 (Kajima Institute Press, 1974) ISBN 978-4-306-09165-8)
* {{Cite book, author=Jino Seiichi, title=Genealogy of the Low Countries View, date=1997-02-01, publisher=Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, isbn=4-642-05408-1, series="History and Culture Library", volume=8, location=Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, language= Japanese, ref={{SfnRef, Jono
* Kimio Kumagai, "Pinabe" and "Pinabe and Zodo System" in Dictionary of National History 7 (Yoshikawa Kōbunkan, 1986) ISBN 978-4-642-00507-4

Nara period
Asuka period
Kofun period