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The was a Japanese
domain Domain may refer to: Mathematics *Domain of a function, the set of input values for which the (total) function is defined **Domain of definition of a partial function **Natural domain of a partial function **Domain of holomorphy of a function * Do ...
of the
Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ...
. It is associated with
Hizen Province was an old province of Japan in the area of the Saga and Nagasaki prefectures. It was sometimes called , with Higo Province. Hizen bordered on the provinces of Chikuzen and Chikugo. The province was included in Saikaidō. It did not inclu ...
in modern-day
Saga Prefecture is a prefecture of Japan located on the island of Kyushu. Saga Prefecture has a population of 809,248 (1 August 2020) and has a geographic area of 2,440 km2 (942 sq mi). Saga Prefecture borders Fukuoka Prefecture to the northeast and Nagasak ...
."Hizen Province" at JapaneseCastleExplorer.com
retrieved 2013-5-28. In the
han system ( ja, 藩, "domain") is a Japanese historical term for the estate of a daimyo in the Edo period (1603–1868) and early Meiji period (1868–1912). Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Han"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 283. or (daimyo domain) s ...
, Shimabara was a
political Politics (from , ) is the set of activities that are associated with making decisions in groups, or other forms of power relations among individuals, such as the distribution of resources or status. The branch of social science that studies ...
and
economic An economy is an area of the Production (economics), production, Distribution (economics), distribution and trade, as well as Consumption (economics), consumption of Goods (economics), goods and Service (economics), services. In general, it is ...
abstraction based on periodic
cadastral A cadastre or cadaster is a comprehensive recording of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country.Jo Henssen, ''Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,'/ref> Often it is represented graphically in a cad ...
surveys and projected agricultural yields. In other words, the domain was defined in terms of ''
kokudaka refers to a system for determining land value for taxation purposes under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo-period Japan, and expressing this value in terms of ''koku'' of rice. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"Koku"in ''Japan Encyclopedia'', p. 54 ...
'', not land area. This was different from the
feudalism Feudalism, also known as the feudal system, was the combination of the legal, economic, military, cultural and political customs that flourished in medieval Europe between the 9th and 15th centuries. Broadly defined, it was a way of structur ...
of the West.


History

The
Arima clan The is a Japanese samurai family. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80">"Arima," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 2-3 DF__...
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, who were ''Kirishitan daimyōs'', ruled over Shimabara Domain in the late Muromachi period from Hinoe Castle and Hara Castle. In 1614, the Tokugawa Bakufu banned Christianity and replaced Arima Naozumi with Matsukura Shigemasa. Matsukura, who strictly enforced the prohibition against Christianity with mass executions, also severely raised taxes to pay for the construction of his new
Shimabara Castle , also known as and , is a Japanese castle located in Shimabara, Hizen Province (present day Nagasaki prefecture). This five-story white building stands in stark contrast to the black Kumamoto Castle in neighboring Kumamoto Prefecture. Descripti ...
from 1618 to 1624. This oppression of the peasants was a major factor leading to the
Shimabara Rebellion The , also known as the or , was an uprising that occurred in the Shimabara Domain of the Tokugawa Shogunate in Japan from 17 December 1637 to 15 April 1638. Matsukura Katsuie, the ''daimyō'' of the Shimabara Domain, enforced unpopular polic ...
. After the rebellion was suppressed, the domain was given to the
Kōriki clan The was a ''fudai'' samurai clan which briefly came to prominence during the Sengoku and early Edo period Japan. Kōriki Kiyonaga (1530-1608) was a hereditary retainer of the Tokugawa clan, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu as ''bugyō'' of Sunpu a ...
. It then passed to the Fukōzu-Matsudaira family, who ruled it from 1669 until 1871 (with a brief hiatus from 1749 to 1774, during which the domain was ruled by the
Toda clan Toda may refer to: *Toda (surname), a Japanese surname *Queen Toda of Navarre (fl. 885–970) *Toda people *Toda language *Toda Embroidery *Toda lattice *Toda field theory *Oscillator Toda *Toda, Saitama, Japan * TODA Racing, who tune and race veh ...
, cousins of the Fukōzu-Matsudaira). In the
Bakumatsu period was the final years of the Edo period when the Tokugawa shogunate ended. Between 1853 and 1867, Japan ended its isolationist foreign policy known as and changed from a feudal Tokugawa shogunate to the modern empire of the Meiji govern ...
,
Matsudaira Tadachika was a Japanese ''fudai daimyō'' of the Edo period. He was highly influential in the Tokugawa shogunate under Shōgun Ieshige.Screech, Timon. (2006). ''Secret Memoirs of the Shoguns: Isaac Titsingh and Japan, 1779–1822'', p. 241 n74. Tadachi ...
became an influential official in the Tokugawa administration. However, the final ''daimyō'' of Shimabara, Matsudaira Tadakazu pledged Shimabara domain in support of
Emperor Meiji , also called or , was the 122nd emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Reigning from 13 February 1867 to his death, he was the first monarch of the Empire of Japan and presided over the Meiji era. He was the figur ...
in the
Boshin War The , sometimes known as the Japanese Revolution or Japanese Civil War, was a civil war in Japan fought from 1868 to 1869 between forces of the ruling Tokugawa shogunate and a clique seeking to seize political power in the name of the Imperi ...
, proved his loyalty by committing his troops to the northern campaign against the
Ōuetsu Reppan Dōmei The was a Japanese military-political coalition established and disestablished over the course of several months in early to mid-1868 during the Boshin War. Its flag was either a white interwoven five-pointed star on a black field, or a black i ...
, fighting at
Akita is a Japanese name and may refer to: Places * 8182 Akita, a main-belt asteroid * Akita Castle, a Nara period fortified settlement in Akita, Japan * Akita Domain, also known as Kubota Domain, feudal domain in Edo period Japan * Akita, Kumamoto, ...
and
Morioka is the capital city of Iwate Prefecture located in the Tōhoku region of northern Japan. On 1 February 2021, the city had an estimated population of 290,700 in 132,719 households, and a population density of . The total area of the city is . ...
.


List of ''daimyōs''

The hereditary ''
daimyō were powerful Japanese magnates, feudal lords who, from the 10th century to the early Meiji era, Meiji period in the middle 19th century, ruled most of Japan from their vast, hereditary land holdings. They were subordinate to the shogun and n ...
s'' were head of the clan and head of the domain. *
Arima clan The is a Japanese samurai family. Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003).html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80">"Arima," ''Nobiliare du Japon'', pp. 2-3 DF__...
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, 1600–1614 (''
tozama'';_28,000_''koku">Tozama_daimyō.html"_;"title="DF_6-7_of_80/nowiki>">DF__...
,_1600–1614_(''Tozama_daimyō">tozama'';_28,000_''koku'')Edmond_Papinot">Papinot,_Jacques_Edmond_Joseph._(1906)._''Dictionnaire_d’histoire_et_de_géographie_du_Japon'';__Papinot,_(2003)
"Arima"_at_''Nobiliare_du_Japon'',_p._3
_retrieved_2013-6-7. : *''Tokugawa_shogunate.html" "title="Tozama daimyō">tozama''; 28,000 ''koku">Tozama_daimyō.html" ;"title="DF 6-7 of 80/nowiki>">DF ...
, 1600–1614 (''Tozama daimyō">tozama''; 28,000 ''koku'')Edmond Papinot">Papinot, Jacques Edmond Joseph. (1906). ''Dictionnaire d’histoire et de géographie du Japon''; Papinot, (2003)
"Arima" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 3
retrieved 2013-6-7. : *''Tokugawa shogunate">Tenryō The Tokugawa shogunate (, Japanese 徳川幕府 ''Tokugawa bakufu''), also known as the , was the military government of Japan during the Edo period from 1603 to 1868. Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric. (2005)"''Tokugawa-jidai''"in ''Japan Encyclopedia ...
'' *Matsukura clan, 1616–1638 (''tozama''; 40,000 ''koku'') : *
Kōriki clan The was a ''fudai'' samurai clan which briefly came to prominence during the Sengoku and early Edo period Japan. Kōriki Kiyonaga (1530-1608) was a hereditary retainer of the Tokugawa clan, who served Tokugawa Ieyasu as ''bugyō'' of Sunpu a ...
, 1638–1668 ('' fudai''; 40,000 ''koku'') : * Matsudaira (Fukōzu) clan, 1669–1749 (''fudai''; 70,000 ''koku'')Papinot, (2003)
"Matsudaira (Fukzmizo)" at ''Nobiliare du Japon'', p. 31
retrieved 2013-6-7. : *
Toda clan Toda may refer to: *Toda (surname), a Japanese surname *Queen Toda of Navarre (fl. 885–970) *Toda people *Toda language *Toda Embroidery *Toda lattice *Toda field theory *Oscillator Toda *Toda, Saitama, Japan * TODA Racing, who tune and race veh ...
, 1749–1774 (''fudai''; 77,000 ''koku'') : * Matsudaira (Fukōzu) clan, 1774–1871 (''fudai''; 70,000 ''koku'') :


Simplified genealogy (Matsudaira-Fukōzu)

*Matsudaira Nobumitsu, 3rd head of the Matsudaira (c. – ) **Chikatada, 4th head of the Matsudaira (c. 1431–1531) *** Nagachika, 5th head of the Matsudaira (1473–1544) **** Nobutada, 6th head of the Matsudaira (1490–1531) ***** Kiyoyasu, 7th head of the Matsudaira (1511–1536) ******Usui-hime, m. Sakai Tadatsugu (1527–1596) ******* Ogasawara Nobuyuki, 1st ''daimyō'' of Koga (1570–1614) ******** daughter, (m.?) Mizuno Tadasada ********* daughter, m. Tsuchiya Kazunao, 1st ''daimyō'' of Tsuchiura (1608–1679) ********** Tsuchiya Masanao, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Tsuchiura (1641–1722) *********** Tsuchiya Nobunao, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Tsuchiura (1696–1734) ************ daughter, m. IV. Matsudaira Tadatoki, 4th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1st creation) (1716–1749; r. 1738–1749). ************* V. Tadamasa, 5th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1st creation) ( – 1801; r. 1749) ************* I. Tadahiro, 1st ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation, cr. 1774) ( – 1792; r. 1774–1792) ************** II. Tadayori, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1771–1819; r. 1792–1819) *************** III. Tadayoshi, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1799–1840; r. 1819–1840) **************** IV. Tadanari, 4th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1824–1847; r. 1840–1847) **************** V. Tadakiyo, 5th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1832–1859; r. 1847–1859) *************** Tadaatsu **************** VII. Tadachika, 7th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1845–1862; r. 1860–1862) ****** Hirotada, 8th head of the Matsudaira (1526–1549) *******
Tokugawa Ieyasu was the founder and first ''shōgun'' of the Tokugawa Shogunate of Japan, which ruled Japan from 1603 until the Meiji Restoration in 1868. He was one of the three "Great Unifiers" of Japan, along with his former lord Oda Nobunaga and fellow ...
, 1st Tokugawa ''shōgun'' (1543–1616; r. 1603–1605) ********Matsudaira Nobuyasu (1559–1579) ********* Kuma-hime (1577–1626), m. Honda Tadamasa, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Kuwana (1575–1631) ********** Kuni-hime (1595–1649), m. Arima Naozumi, ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1586–1641) *********** daughter, m. Akimoto Tomitomo, 1st ''daimyō'' of Yamura (1610–1657) ************ daughter, m. Toda Takamasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Sakura (1632–1699) ************* Toda Tadaaki **************Toda Tadami, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Utsunomiya (1689–1746) ***************Toda Tadamitsu, ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1730–1781) *************** Toda Tadatō, ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1739–1801) ************** daughter, m. II. Matsudaira Tadakatsu, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1st creation) (1673–1736; r. 1698–1735). He adopted a distant relation: *************** ''III. Matsudaira Tadami, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1st creation)'' (1712–1738; r. 1735–1738). He adopted a cousin, Tadatoki, son of Matsudaira Kankei, a ''hatamoto'' (see above): ********Kame-hime (1560–1625), m. Okudaira Nobumasa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Kanō (1555–1615) ********* Matsudaira Tadaaki, 1st ''daimyō'' of Himeji (1583–1644) ********** Eshō-in, m. Nabeshima Tadanao (1613–1635) *********** Nabeshima Mitsushige, 2nd ''daimyō'' of Saga (1632–1700) ************ Nabeshima Muneshige, 5th ''daimyō'' of Saga (1687–1755) ************* Nabeshima Harushige, 8th ''daimyō'' of Saga (1745–1805) ************** daughter, m. Date Munetada, 7th ''daimyō'' of Uwajima (1792–1889) *************** VI. Matsudaira Tadaatsu, 6th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation) (1841–1860; r. 1859–1860) ******** Tokugawa Yorifusa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Mito (1603–1661) ********* Matsudaira Yorishige, 1st ''daimyō'' of Takamatsu (1622–1695) ********** Yoritoshi (1661–1687) *********** Yoritoyo, 3rd ''daimyō'' of Takamatsu (1680–1735) ************ Tokugawa Munetaka, 4th ''daimyō'' of Mito (1705–1730) ************* Tokugawa Munemoto, 5th ''daimyō'' of Mito (1728–1766) ************** Tokugawa Harumori, 6th ''daimyō'' of Mito (1751–1805) *************** Tokugawa Harutoshi, 7th ''daimyō'' of Mito (1773–1816) **************** Tokugawa Nariaki, 9th ''daimyō'' of Mito (1800–1860) ***************** VIII. Tadakazu, 8th ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (2nd creation), 8th family head, 1st Viscount (1851–1917; ''daimyō'': 1862–1869; Governor: 1869–1871; family head: 1862–1917; Viscount: cr. 1884) ****************** Tadaii (1870–1909) ******************* Tadaryō, 9th family head, 2nd Viscount (1903–1934; 9th family head and 2nd Viscount: 1917–1934) ******************** Tadasada, 10th family head, 3rd Viscount (born 1928; 10th family head: 1934–present; 3rd Viscount: 1934–1947) *********************Tadatsugu (b. 1965) ********************* Tadaoki (b. 1967) ** Tadakage (d. 1485) *** Tadasada **** Yoshikage (1517–1561) ***** Koretada (1537–1575) ****** Ietada, ''daimyō'' of Omigawa (1555–1600) ******* Tadatoshi, 1st ''daimyō'' of Yoshida (1582–1632) ******** I. Tadafusa, 1st ''daimyō'' of Shimabara (1st creation, cr. 1669) (1619–1700; ''daimyō'': 1669–1698) Genealogy (jp)
/ref>


See also

* List of Han *
Abolition of the han system The in the Empire of Japan and its replacement by a system of prefectures in 1871 was the culmination of the Meiji Restoration begun in 1868, the starting year of the Meiji period. Under the reform, all daimyos (, ''daimyō'', feudal lords) ...


References


External links


"Shimabara" at Edo 300
{{Authority control Domains of Japan