Shikimate kinase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the ATP-dependent

phosphorylation In chemistry, phosphorylation is the attachment of a phosphate group to a molecule or an ion. This process and its inverse, dephosphorylation, are common in biology and could be driven by natural selection. Text was copied from this source, wh ...

shikimate Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower ''sh ...

to form shikimate 3-phosphate. This reaction is the fifth step of the shikimate pathway, which is used by plants and bacteria to synthesize the common precursor of aromatic amino acids and secondary metabolites. The

systematic name A systematic name is a name given in a systematic way to one unique group, organism, object or chemical substance, out of a specific population or collection. Systematic names are usually part of a nomenclature. A semisystematic name or semitrivial ...

of this enzyme class is ATP:shikimate 3-phosphotransferase. Other names in common use include shikimate kinase (phosphorylating), and shikimate kinase II.

Background

The shikimate pathway consists of seven enzymatic reactions by which

phosphoenolpyruvate Phosphoenolpyruvate (2-phosphoenolpyruvate, PEP) is the ester derived from the enol of pyruvate and phosphate. It exists as an anion. PEP is an important intermediate in biochemistry. It has the highest-energy phosphate bond found (−61.9 kJ/ ...

and

erythrose 4-phosphate Erythrose 4-phosphate is a phosphate of the simple sugar erythrose. It is an intermediate in the pentose phosphate pathway and the Calvin cycle. In addition, it serves as a precursor in the biosynthesis of the aromatic amino acids tyrosine, pheny ...

are converted to

chorismate Chorismic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form chorismate, is an important biochemical intermediate in plants and microorganisms. It is a precursor for: * The aromatic amino acids phenylalanine, tryptophan, and tyrosine * Indole, indole d ...

, the common precursor of the aromatic amino acids

phenylalanine Phenylalanine (symbol Phe or F) is an essential α-amino acid with the formula . It can be viewed as a benzyl group substituted for the methyl group of alanine, or a phenyl group in place of a terminal hydrogen of alanine. This essential amino a ...

tyrosine -Tyrosine or tyrosine (symbol Tyr or Y) or 4-hydroxyphenylalanine is one of the 20 standard amino acids that are used by cells to synthesize proteins. It is a non-essential amino acid with a polar side group. The word "tyrosine" is from the Gr ...

, and

tryptophan Tryptophan (symbol Trp or W) is an α-amino acid that is used in the biosynthesis of proteins. Tryptophan contains an α-amino group, an α- carboxylic acid group, and a side chain indole, making it a polar molecule with a non-polar aromatic ...

. The aromatic amino acids are used in the synthesis of proteins and, in plants, fungi, and bacteria, give rise to a number of other specialized metabolites, such as

phenylpropanoid The phenylpropanoids are a diverse family of organic compounds that are synthesized by plants from the amino acids phenylalanine and tyrosine. Their name is derived from the six-carbon, aromatic phenyl group and the three-carbon propene tail of ...

s and

alkaloid Alkaloids are a class of basic, naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. This group also includes some related compounds with neutral and even weakly acidic properties. Some synthetic compounds of similar ...

s. Chorismate and several other intermediates of the pathway serve as precursors for a number of other metabolites, such as folates, quinates, and quinones. The four enzymes that precede shikimate kinase in the pathway are

DAHP synthase 3-Deoxy-D-arabinoheptulosonate 7-phosphate (DAHP) synthase () is the first enzyme in a series of metabolic reactions known as the shikimate pathway, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of the amino acids phenylalanine, tyrosine, and trypto ...

, 3-dehydroquinate synthase, 3-dehydroquinate dehydratase, and

shikimate dehydrogenase In enzymology, a shikimate dehydrogenase () is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction :shikimate + NADP+ \rightleftharpoons 3-dehydroshikimate + NADPH + H+ Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are shikimate and NADP+, whereas it ...

, and the two that follow it are

EPSP synthase 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase is an enzyme produced by plants and microorganisms. EPSPS catalyzes the chemical reaction: : phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) + 3-phospho shikimate (S3P) phosphate + 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phospha ...

and chorismate synthase. In fungi and protists, it is part of the AROM complex, in which the five central steps of the shikimate pathway are co-localized. The pathway is not found in humans and other animals, which must obtain the aromatic amino acids from their food.

Activity

The reaction catalyzed by shikimate kinase is shown below: This reaction involves the transfer of a phosphate group from ATP to the 3-hydroxyl group of shikimate. Shikimate kinase thus has two substrates,

and ATP, and two

products Product may refer to: Business * Product (business), an item that serves as a solution to a specific consumer problem. * Product (project management), a deliverable or set of deliverables that contribute to a business solution Mathematics * Produ ...

shikimate 3-phosphate Shikimic acid, more commonly known as its anionic form shikimate, is a cyclohexene, a cyclitol and a cyclohexanecarboxylic acid. It is an important biochemical metabolite in plants and microorganisms. Its name comes from the Japanese flower ''shik ...

and ADP.

Examples

Human proteins containing this domain include:

MAPK7 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 7 also known as MAP kinase 7 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ''MAPK7'' gene. Function MAPK7 is a member of the MAP kinase family. MAP kinases act as an integration point for multiple biochemical ...

and THNSL1

References

{{Portal bar, Biology, border=no EC 2.7.1 Enzymes of known structure