The Shevchenko Scientific Society () is a
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication that was founded in 1873.
Unlike the government-funded
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine
The National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (NASU; uk, Національна академія наук України, ''Natsional’na akademiya nauk Ukrayiny'', abbr: NAN Ukraine) is a self-governing state-funded organization in Ukraine th ...
, the society is a public organization. It was reestablished in Ukraine in 1989 during
fall of the Soviet Union
The dissolution of the Soviet Union, also negatively connoted as rus, Разва́л Сове́тского Сою́за, r=Razvál Sovétskogo Soyúza, ''Ruining of the Soviet Union''. was the process of internal disintegration within the Sov ...
, after being exiled from Ukraine since 1940. The society now has branches in several countries around the globe, such as the
United States
The United States of America (U.S.A. or USA), commonly known as the United States (U.S. or US) or America, is a country primarily located in North America. It consists of 50 states, a federal district, five major unincorporated territorie ...
,
Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
,
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
, and
France
France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...
.
The organisation is named after the famous Ukrainian poet, writer, artist, public and political figure,
Taras Shevchenko
Taras Hryhorovych Shevchenko ( uk, Тарас Григорович Шевченко , pronounced without the middle name; – ), also known as Kobzar Taras, or simply Kobzar (a kobzar is a bard in Ukrainian culture), was a Ukraine, Ukrainian p ...
.
History
It was founded in 1873 in Lemberg (today
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
), at that time the capital of the
Austria
Austria, , bar, Östareich officially the Republic of Austria, is a country in the southern part of Central Europe, lying in the Eastern Alps. It is a federation of nine states, one of which is the capital, Vienna, the most populous ...
n
crown land
Crown land (sometimes spelled crownland), also known as royal domain, is a territorial area belonging to the monarch, who personifies the Crown. It is the equivalent of an entailed estate and passes with the monarchy, being inseparable from it. ...
of
Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria
The Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria,, ; pl, Królestwo Galicji i Lodomerii, ; uk, Королівство Галичини та Володимирії, Korolivstvo Halychyny ta Volodymyrii; la, Rēgnum Galiciae et Lodomeriae also known as ...
, as a literary society devoted to the promotion of
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian ( uk, украї́нська мо́ва, translit=ukrainska mova, label=native name, ) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of about 40 million people and the official state langu ...
literature initially under the name Shevchenko Society. It was established soon after another cultural society better known as
Prosvita
Prosvita ( uk, просвіта, 'enlightenment') is a society for preserving and developing Ukrainian culture and education among population that created in the nineteenth century in the Austria-Hungary Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.
By the ...
(Enlightenment). At that time any publication in
Ukrainian language
Ukrainian ( uk, украї́нська мо́ва, translit=ukrainska mova, label=native name, ) is an East Slavic language of the Indo-European language family. It is the native language of about 40 million people and the official state langu ...
was prohibited in the Russian-controlled Ukraine (
Little Russia
Little Russia (russian: Малороссия/Малая Россия, Malaya Rossiya/Malorossiya; uk, Малоросія/Мала Росія, Malorosiia/Mala Rosiia), also known in English as Malorussia, Little Rus' (russian: Малая Ру ...
), from the beginning it attracted the financial and intellectual support of writers and patrons of Ukrainian background from the
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was an empire and the final period of the Russian monarchy from 1721 to 1917, ruling across large parts of Eurasia. It succeeded the Tsardom of Russia following the Treaty of Nystad, which ended the Great Northern War. ...
. The Shevchenko Scientific Society was created on an idea of a writer
Oleksandr Konyskyi and the Shevchenko's contemporary
Dmytro Pylchykov with a financial support of
Yelyzaveta Myloradovych-Skoropadska.
Appeal of the Shevchenko Scientific Society Office in America to Head of Ukrainian Committee of Shevchenko National Prize academician Borys Oliynyk (Звернення Управи Наукового Товариства ім. Шевченка в Америці до Голови комітету Національної премії України ім. Т. Г. Шевченка академіка Бориса Олійника)
Shevchenko Scientific Society website. 11 January 2016
In 1893, due to the change in its statute the Shevchenko Scientific Society was transformed into a real scholarly multidisciplinary academy of sciences with its periodical the ''Zapysky NTSh'' (Notes of the Shevchenko Scientific Society), yet continue to be specialized in the Ukrainian Studies Ukrainian studies is an interdisciplinary field of research dedicated to Ukrainian language, literature, history and culture in a broad sense.
Ukrainian studies outside Ukraine
A number of research institutes outside of Ukraine focus on Ukrainia ...
. Throughout most of its history it had three sections: history-philosophical, philological, and mathematically-medical-natural scientific. Under the presidency of the historian, Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
, it greatly expanded its activities, contributing to both the humanities and the physical sciences, law and medicine, but most specifically once again it concentrated on Ukrainian studies. During this period, one of its most prolific contributors was the poet, folklorist, and literary historian Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced ˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, ...
who headed the philological section. Also during that period the society created several museums, libraries, and archives. By 1914, several hundred volumes of scholarly research and notices had been published by the society including over a hundred volumes of its ''Zapysky''.
The First World War
World War I (28 July 1914 11 November 1918), often abbreviated as WWI, was one of the deadliest global conflicts in history. Belligerents included much of Europe, the Russian Empire, the United States, and the Ottoman Empire, with fightin ...
interrupted the society's activities, particularly during the Russian occupation in 1914-1915 when the society's collection of works and its print shop were destroyed. After the war and the Polish-Ukrainian conflict, the West Ukraine
Western Ukraine or West Ukraine ( uk, Західна Україна, Zakhidna Ukraina or , ) is the territory of Ukraine linked to the former Kingdom of Galicia–Volhynia, which was part of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Austrian ...
belonged to Poland
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland, is a country in Central Europe. It is divided into 16 administrative provinces called voivodeships, covering an area of . Poland has a population of over 38 million and is the fifth-most populous ...
. During that time the society lost its government subsidies, but managed to carry on a precarious existence. Its major contributors were the literary historians, Vasyl Shchurat, Kyryl Studynsky Kyrylo Studynsky, more precise Kyrylo Studynskyi ( uk, Кири́ло Йо́сипович Студи́нський (4 October 1868, in Kypiachka – 1941), was a western Ukrainian political and cultural figure from the late-19th to the mid-20th ...
, and the historian Ivan Krypiakevych
Ivan Krypiakevych ( uk, Іва́н Крип'яке́вич; 25 June 1886 – 21 April 1967) was a Ukrainian historian, academician, professor of Lviv University and director of the Institute of Social Sciences of Ukraine. He was a specialist on Ukr ...
. One of the most important projects of the society was the publication of the first general alphabetic encyclopedia in the Ukrainian language.
The Soviet Union
The Soviet Union,. officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. (USSR),. was a transcontinental country that spanned much of Eurasia from 1922 to 1991. A flagship communist state, it was nominally a federal union of fifteen national ...
annexed the eastern part of the Second Polish Republic
The Second Polish Republic, at the time officially known as the Republic of Poland, was a country in Central Europe, Central and Eastern Europe that existed between 1918 and 1939. The state was established on 6 November 1918, before the end of ...
including the city of Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
, which capitulated to the Red Army
The Workers' and Peasants' Red Army (Russian: Рабо́че-крестья́нская Кра́сная армия),) often shortened to the Red Army, was the army and air force of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic and, after ...
on 22 September 1939. Upon their occupation of Lviv, the Soviets
Soviet people ( rus, сове́тский наро́д, r=sovyétsky naród), or citizens of the USSR ( rus, гра́ждане СССР, grázhdanye SSSR), was an umbrella demonym for the population of the Soviet Union.
Nationality policy in ...
dissolved the society. Many of its members were arrested and either imprisoned or executed. Among the perished members were such academicians as R. Zubyk, a former Ukrainian minister I. Feshchenko-Chopivsky, a Ukrainian parliamentarian Petro Franko, Kyryl Studynsky Kyrylo Studynsky, more precise Kyrylo Studynskyi ( uk, Кири́ло Йо́сипович Студи́нський (4 October 1868, in Kypiachka – 1941), was a western Ukrainian political and cultural figure from the late-19th to the mid-20th ...
, and many others. During the Nazi occupation, the society still was not able to function openly. In 1947, on the initiative of the geographer and one of the major collaborators with Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ...
Volodymyr Kubiyovych Volodymyr ( uk, Володи́мир, Volodýmyr, , orv, Володимѣръ) is a Ukrainian given name of Old East Slavic origin. The related Ancient Slavic, such as Czech, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, etc. form of the name is Володимѣръ ...
, it was re-founded as an émigré scholarly society in Munich
Munich ( ; german: München ; bar, Minga ) is the capital and most populous city of the States of Germany, German state of Bavaria. With a population of 1,558,395 inhabitants as of 31 July 2020, it is the List of cities in Germany by popu ...
; the Society's European center was later moved to Paris
Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...
. Other branches were also founded in New York City
New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
(1947), Toronto
Toronto ( ; or ) is the capital city of the Canadian province of Ontario. With a recorded population of 2,794,356 in 2021, it is the most populous city in Canada and the fourth most populous city in North America. The city is the ancho ...
(1949) and Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...
(1950), and throughout the Cold War
The Cold War is a term commonly used to refer to a period of geopolitical tension between the United States and the Soviet Union and their respective allies, the Western Bloc and the Eastern Bloc. The term '' cold war'' is used because the ...
it functioned as a federation of semi-independent societies.
During its period in emigration, the major project of the society was again an encyclopedia
An encyclopedia (American English) or encyclopædia (British English) is a reference work or compendium providing summaries of knowledge either general or special to a particular field or discipline. Encyclopedias are divided into articles ...
. Under the editorship of Volodymyr Kubiyovych Volodymyr ( uk, Володи́мир, Volodýmyr, , orv, Володимѣръ) is a Ukrainian given name of Old East Slavic origin. The related Ancient Slavic, such as Czech, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, etc. form of the name is Володимѣръ ...
, it published the great ''Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva'' (''Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Studies'') consisting of four major series: the Ukrainian-language thematic encyclopedia in three volumes, the Ukrainian-language alphabetic encyclopedia in 11 volumes, the English-language thematic encyclopedia in two volumes, and the English-language alphabetic one in five volumes. The last compilation, published in Canada
Canada is a country in North America. Its ten provinces and three territories extend from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific Ocean and northward into the Arctic Ocean, covering over , making it the world's second-largest country by tot ...
under the title ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine
The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.
Development
The work was creat ...
'', is available on-line.
In 1989, the society was reactivated in the Ukrainian homeland (in Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
) and once again undertook a large-scale research and publication program. Branches were soon founded in other Ukrainian cities and membership exceeded a thousand, including 125 full voting members.
Presidents
Ukraine
* 1873–1885 Kornylo Sushkevych
* 1885–1887 Sydir Hromnytsky
* 1887–1889 Demian Hladylovych
* 1889–1891 Sydir Hromnytsky
* 1891–1892 Demian Hladylovych
* 1892–1893 Yulian Tselevych
* 1893–1897 Oleksander Barvinsky
Oleksander Barvinsky ( uk, Олександр Барвiнський ) (June 8, 1847 – December 25, 1926) was an important western Ukrainian cultural figure and politician, a founder of the Christian Social Movement in Ukraine, Christian Socia ...
* 1897–1913 Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
* 1913–1918 Stepan Tomashivsky
* 1919–1923 Vasyl Shchurat
* 1923–1932 Kyrylo Studynsky Kyrylo Studynsky, more precise Kyrylo Studynskyi ( uk, Кири́ло Йо́сипович Студи́нський (4 October 1868, in Kypiachka – 1941), was a western Ukrainian political and cultural figure from the late-19th to the mid-20th ...
* 1932–1935 Volodymyr Levytsky
* 1935–1940 Ivan Rakovsky
* 1940–1989 ''Soviet occupation and World War II''
* 1989–2005 Oleh Romaniv
* 2005–2014 Oleh Kupchynsky
* 2014– Roman Kushnir
Europe
* ????–1952 Zenon Kuzela
* 1952–1985 Volodymyr Kubiyovych Volodymyr ( uk, Володи́мир, Volodýmyr, , orv, Володимѣръ) is a Ukrainian given name of Old East Slavic origin. The related Ancient Slavic, such as Czech, Russian, Serbian, Croatian, etc. form of the name is Володимѣръ ...
* 1985–1997 Arkadiy Zhukovsky
* 1997–1999 Danylo Husar-Struk
* 2000–2011 Arkadiy Zhukovsky
* 2011– Stefan Dunikovsky
United States
* 1947–1952 Mykola Chubaty
* 1952–1969 Roman Smal-Stocki
Roman Stepanovych Smal-Stocki (Роман Степанович Смаль-Стоцький) (born: January 8, 1893, Chernivtsi - died April 27, 1969, Washington DC) – was a Ukrainian diplomat, scholar, politician. Ph.D. Professor at the Ukra ...
* 1969–1974 Matthew Stachiw Matthew Stachiw (born 1895, Nushche, d. 1978, also spelt 'Matwij' or 'Mathew') was a Ukrainian politician. He served in the Ukrainian Army between 1918 and 1920. Afterwards received a LL.D. from the University of Prague. He worked as a lawyer, univ ...
* 1974–1977 Osyp Andrushkiv
* 1977–1990 Jaroslaw Padoch
* 1990–2000 Leonid Rudnytzky
* 2000–2006 Larysa Zaleska Onyshkevych
* 2006–2012 Orest Popovych
* 2012–2018 George G. Grabowicz
* 2018– Halyna Hryn
Canada
* 1949–1973 Yevhen Vertyporokh
* 1974–1994 Bohdan Stebelsky
* 1994–2000 Vladimir Mackiw
* 2000– Daria Darevych
Society press media
''Literaturno-naukovy visnyk'' ( en, Literary-scientific herald) was published 1898-1906, 1922-1932 in Lviv and 1907–1914, 1917-1919 in Kyiv
Kyiv, also spelled Kiev, is the capital and most populous city of Ukraine. It is in north-central Ukraine along the Dnieper, Dnieper River. As of 1 January 2021, its population was 2,962,180, making Kyiv the List of European cities by populat ...
. The chief editor was Ivan Franko
Ivan Yakovych Franko (Ukrainian: Іван Якович Франко, pronounced ˈwɑn ˈjɑkowɪtʃ frɐnˈkɔ 27 August 1856 – 28 May 1916) was a Ukrainian poet, writer, social and literary critic, journalist, interpreter, economist, ...
, since 1905 - Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
.
References
Notes
External links
Shevchenko Scientific Society
in Encyclopedia of Ukrainian Diaspora(Ukrainian)
Literary Scientific Herald
at Encyclopedia of Ukraine
The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.
Development
The work was creat ...
Shevchenko Scientific Society
at Encyclopedia of Ukraine
The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.
Development
The work was creat ...
Shevchenko Scientific Society
Shevchenko Scientific Society
(English)
{{Authority control
Organizations established in 1873
Ukrainian studies
1873 establishments in Austria-Hungary
Establishments in the Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria