all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority; to all Cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls; to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction; to Controversies to which the United States shall be a Party; to Controversies between two or more States; between a State and Citizens of another State; between Citizens of different States; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects
/blockquote> Congress exercised its power to "ordain and establish" such inferior Courts, the circuit courts, in theJudiciary Act of 1789 The Judiciary Act of 1789 (ch. 20, ) was a United States federal statute enacted on September 24, 1789, during the first session of the First United States Congress. It established the federal judiciary of the United States. Article III, Secti .... However:The eleventh section of the Judiciary Act, which defines the jurisdiction of the Circuit Courts, restrains them from taking 'cognizance of any suit to recover the contents of any promissory note or other chose in action, in favor of an assignee, unless a suit might have been prosecuted in such court to recover the contents, if no assignment had been made, except in cases of foreign bills of exchange' . . . It must be admitted, that if the Constitution had ordained and established the inferior courts, and distributed to them their respective powers, they could not be restricted or divested by Congress. But . . . it has made no such distribution . . . onsequentially, Congress, having the power to establish the courts, must define their he inferior courts'respective jurisdictions
/blockquote> In ''Sheldon'', then, the Supreme Court ruled that:Congress may withhold from any court of its creation jurisdiction of any of the enumerated controversies. Courts created by statute can have no jurisdiction but such as the statute confers. No one of them can assert a just claim to jurisdiction exclusively conferred on another, or withheld from all . . . The Constitution has defined the limits of the judicial power of the United States, but has not prescribed how much of it shall be exercised by the Circuit Court; consequently, the statute which does prescribe the limits of their jurisdiction, cannot be in conflict with the Constitution, unless it confers powers not enumerated therei
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See also
*List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 49 This is a list of cases reported in volume 49 (8 How.) of ''United States Reports'', decided by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1849 and 1850. Nominative reports In 1874, the U.S. government created the ''United States Reports'', ...
External links
* * {{USArticleIII Diversity jurisdiction case law United States Constitution Article Three case law United States Supreme Court cases United States Supreme Court cases of the Taney Court 1850 in United States case law