''Citrus macroptera'', also known as Shatkora or hatkhora ( syl, ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣ, ) cabuyao,
[Peter Hanelt (ed.) 2001 ''Mansfeld's encyclopedia of agricultural and horticultural crops (except ornamentals), first English edition''. Springer]
in Google Books
/ref> Melanesian papeda,[ or wild orange,][Harley I. Manner, Richard S. Buker, Virginia Easton Smith, Deborah Ward, and Craig R. Elevitch 2006. Species profiles for Pacific Island agroforestry: ''Citrus'' (citrus) and ''Fortunella'' (kumquat), Rutaceae (Rue family)]
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/ref> is a semi-wild species of citrus native to Sylhet region (South Asia), Malesia and Melanesia.[
Some authorities consider ''C. macroptera'' to be a taxonomic synonym of ''C. hystrix'' (kaffir lime),][
]
Description
''Citrus macroptera'' is so-named because of the large "wings" (-ptera) on the petiole, which is as large as the blade of the leaf.[
The tree, which has ]thorns
Thorn(s) or The Thorn(s) may refer to:
Botany
* Thorns, spines, and prickles, sharp structures on plants
* ''Crataegus monogyna'', or common hawthorn, a plant species
Comics and literature
* Rose and Thorn, the two personalities of two DC Com ...
, can reach in height. Its fruit is about in diameter, has a fairly smooth, moderately thick rind, and is yellow when ripe. The pulp of the fruit is greenish-yellow and dry (does not produce much juice). The juice is very bitter, and somewhat sour.[
]
Varieties
The species is sometimes divided into four varieties, or alternatively into three separate species, as follows:[Porcher Michel H. et al. 1995–2020 (2007). Sorting Citrus Names: Multilingual Multiscript Plant Name Database (M.M.P.N.D) - A Work in Progress. School of Agriculture and Food Systems. Faculty of Land & Food Resources. The University of Melbourne. Australia]
/ref>
* ''C. macroptera'' var. ''macroptera''
* ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf.
* ''C. macroptera'' var. ''combara'' (Raf.) Tanaka -> ''C. combara'' Raf.
* ''C. macroptera'' var. ''kerrii'' Swingle -> ''C. kerrii'' ( Swingle) Chōzaburō Tanaka, Tanaka
Cultivation
A cultivar of ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' known as 'Sat Kara',[M. N. Miah, Sahina Islam, and Syed Hadiuzzaman 2002. Regeneration of plantlets through somatic embryogenesis from nucellus tissue of ''Citrus macroptera'' Mont. var. ''anammensis'' (‘Sat Kara’). ''Plant Tissue Culture and Biotechnology'' 12(2):167-17]
pdf
/ref> is grown primarily in the Sylhet Division of northeastern Bangladesh where it is called "hatkhora".
Uses
Culinary uses
In Bangladesh, the thick fleshy rind of the ''Citrus macroptera'' is eaten as a vegetable, while the pulp is usually discarded because of its bitter-sour taste. The thick rind is cut into small pieces and cooked (either green or ripe) in beef, mutton, and fish curries. The rind is often sun-dried for later cooking and consumption. The fruit is also a primary ingredient in satkora/shatkora pickles. It is also used in doner kebabs in British Bangladeshi fast-food restaurants.
Perfumery
Many of the ''C. macroptera'' var. ''annamensis'' fruits are exported from Bangladesh, exacting a high price because their oil is used in the perfume industry.[
]
See also
* Bangladeshi cuisine
* Beef Hatkora
Beef Hatkhora ( syl, ꠢꠣꠔꠇꠞꠣꠞ ꠍꠣꠟꠝ, ) or Internationally known as Sylheti Beef; is a Sylheti cuisine consisting of rice, satkara citrus, and beef curry. Whilst having its origins in the Sylhet Division, the dish has now gaine ...
* '' Citrus latipes'' a similar-looking species native to Northeast India
References
External links
USDA PLANTS profile
{{Taxonbar, from=Q5122910
macroptera
Agriculture in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi cuisine
Bengali cuisine
Economy of Bangladesh
Flora of tropical Asia
Medicinal plants of Asia
Medicinal plants of Oceania
Sylheti cuisine