The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel and Bridge is a

bridge–tunnel A bridge–tunnel is a persistent, unbroken road or rail connection across water that uses a combination of bridges and tunnels, and sometimes causeways, and does not involve intermittent connections such as drawbridges or ferries. Bridge–tun ...

complex across the south fork of the

Yangtze River The Yangtze or Yangzi ( or ; ) is the longest list of rivers of Asia, river in Asia, the list of rivers by length, third-longest in the world, and the longest in the world to flow entirely within one country. It rises at Jari Hill in th ...

near the river mouth in Shanghai. The tunnel connects the

Pudong Pudong is a district of Shanghai located east of the Huangpu, the river which flows through central Shanghai. The name ''Pudong'' was originally applied to the Huangpu's east bank, directly across from the west bank or Puxi, the historic cit ...

District of Shanghai on the south bank of the river with Changxing Island, while the bridge connects Changxing Island with

Chongming Island Chongming, formerly known as Chungming, is an alluvial island at the mouth of the Yangtze River in eastern China covering as of 2010. Together with the islands Changxing and Hengsha, it forms Chongming District, the northernmost area of the ...

. In combination with the Chongqi Bridge (opened in December 2011), which connects Chongming Island to the north bank of the Yangtze, the bridge–tunnel complex forms the final crossing of the Yangtze before it empties into the East China Sea. The bridge and tunnel were built from 2005 to 2009 at a cost of 12.6 billion yuan (US$1.84 billion), and opened on 31 October 2009.Bridge-tunnel linking Chongming Island opens to traffic
''

Shanghai Daily ''Shanghai Daily'' (Chinese: 上海日报, Pinyin: Shànghǎi Rìbào) is an English-language newspaper founded in 1999 and owned by the Shanghai United Media Group, a state media company under the Shanghai committee of the Chinese Communist Party. ...

'', 2009-10-31, retrieved 3 November 2009 Their combined length is , forming part of the

G40 Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway The Shanghai–Xi'an Expressway (), designated as G40 and commonly referred to as the Hushaan Expressway () is an expressway that connects the cities of Shanghai and Xi'an, Shaanxi. It is in length. The expressway was completed after Chongqi B ...

Tunnel

The Shanghai Yangtze River Tunnel starts on the south bank of the Yangtze at Wuhaogou,

and ends in the south of Changxing Island. It is in length, and has two stacked levels. The upper level is for a motorway, and has three lanes in each direction, with a designed speed of . The lower level is reserved for a future Shanghai Metro line,

Chongming Line The Chongming line () is a rapid transit line on the Shanghai Metro that is part of the 2018–2023 Shanghai Metro plan. The Chongming line was previously treated as the last phase of Line 9, and was Line 19 until 2016, when it was renamed the ...

. The tunnelling was completed using four

tunnel boring machine A tunnel boring machine (TBM), also known as a "mole", is a machine used to excavate tunnels with a circular cross section through a variety of soil and rock strata. They may also be used for microtunneling. They can be designed to bore thro ...

s, the largest of which was in diameter, long, and weighed 2,300t.

Bridge

The Shanghai Yangtze River Bridge starts at the tunnel exit, crosses Changxing Island at ground level, then crosses to Chongming Island, ending at Chenjia Town. It consists of two long viaducts with a higher

cable-stayed A cable-stayed bridge has one or more ''towers'' (or ''pylons''), from which cables support the bridge deck. A distinctive feature are the cables or stays, which run directly from the tower to the deck, normally forming a fan-like pattern ...

section in the middle to allow the passage of ships. The total length is , of which is road and bridge. The overall shape of the bridge is not

linear Linearity is the property of a mathematical relationship ('' function'') that can be graphically represented as a straight line. Linearity is closely related to '' proportionality''. Examples in physics include rectilinear motion, the linear ...

but slightly

sigmoid Sigmoid means resembling the lower-case Greek letter sigma (uppercase Σ, lowercase σ, lowercase in word-final position ς) or the Latin letter S. Specific uses include: * Sigmoid function, a mathematical function * Sigmoid colon, part of the l ...

("S" shaped). The central cable-stayed

span Span may refer to: Science, technology and engineering * Span (unit), the width of a human hand * Span (engineering), a section between two intermediate supports * Wingspan, the distance between the wingtips of a bird or aircraft * Sorbitan ester ...

is about , the longest span of any bridge in Shanghai, and the tenth longest cable-stayed span in the world. The span arrangement is 92+258+730+258+72 m.Q.E. Deng, C.Y. Shao: Recent Major Cable-Stayed Bridges in Shanghai
/ref> The bridge has three road lanes in each direction, with a designed speed of . Room on both flanks of the bridge is reserved for a future metro line, line 19, so total deck width is . Chongming Bridge 2008 wide

References

External links

Shanghai Yantze River Bridge&Tunnel Project Info Website

The world's largest bridge tunnel opened to traffic in Shanghai

SMG：采用最新科技上海长江隧道做足安全文章新闻午报：上海长江大桥主塔封顶
{{Shanghai Bridges and Tunnels Bridge–tunnels in Asia Road transport in Shanghai Road tunnels in China Bridges in Shanghai Bridges over the Yangtze River Cable-stayed bridges in China 2009 establishments in China

Tunnel

Bridge

See also

References

External links