Sham may refer to:

Arabic use

Shām Syria (Hieroglyphic Luwian: 𔒂𔒠 ''Sura/i''; gr, Συρία) or Sham ( ar, ٱلشَّام, ash-Shām) is the name of a historical region located east of the Mediterranean Sea in Western Asia, broadly synonymous with the Levant. Other s ...

(شام), the historical name for the Greater Syria region, now most commonly known as the Levant or the eastern Mediterranean, including the modern countries of Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Jordan, Cyprus and Turkey's

Hatay Province Hatay Province ( tr, Hatay ili, ) is the southernmost province of Turkey. It is situated almost entirely outside Anatolia, along the eastern coast of the Levantine Sea. The province borders Syria to its south and east, the Turkish province of A ...

. **

Bilad al-Sham Bilad al-Sham ( ar, بِلَاد الشَّام, Bilād al-Shām), often referred to as Islamic Syria or simply Syria in English-language sources, was a province of the Rashidun, Umayyad, Abbasid, and Fatimid caliphates. It roughly correspon ...

, the Caliphate province of the same region **

Jund al-Sham Jund al-Sham ( ar, جند الشام, lit=The Sham Division) is or was the name of multiple Sunni Islamic jihadist militant groups. Founded around 1991 in Jordan and trained in 1999 in Afghanistan with financial support from Osama bin Laden, ...

, militant group based in Afghanistan, meaning "Army of Syria" * Sham el-Nessim, Egyptian holiday marking the beginning of spring * Sham, or Alsahm, the Arabic name for the star

Alpha Sagittae Alpha Sagittae, formally named Sham , is a single star in the northern constellation of Sagitta. ''Alpha Sagittae'' is the Bayer designation, which is latinized from α Sagittae and abbreviated Alpha Sge or α Sge. It is visibl ...

English use

Fraud In law, fraud is intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law (e.g., a fraud victim may sue the fraud perpetrator to avoid the fraud or recover monetary compens ...

** Sham drug as a quack remedy ** Sham election, another name for a show election ** Sham marriage, a marriage entered into with intent to deceive **

Sham peer review Sham peer review or malicious peer review is a name given to the abuse of a medical peer review process to attack a doctor for personal or other non-medical reasons. The American Medical Association conducted an investigation of medical peer review ...

, a fraudulent or malicious form of peer review *

Hoax A hoax is a widely publicized falsehood so fashioned as to invite reflexive, unthinking acceptance by the greatest number of people of the most varied social identities and of the highest possible social pretensions to gull its victims into pu ...

* Placebo, any drug, surgery, or other treatment with intentional (and usually blinded) lack of efficacy ** Sham drug as a placebo used in a single- or double-blinded control group of experiments (see treatment and control groups) ** Sham surgery, surgery omitting the therapeutic component, performed in the single-blinded control group of experiments * Name of a person or group of people ex: Noah West ** Sam the Sham (born 1937), stage name of U.S. rock singer Domingo “Sam” Samudio ** Sham, nickname of Art Shamsky (born 1941), American Major League Baseball outfielder and Israel Baseball League manager **

Sham 69 Sham 69 are an English punk rock band that formed in Hersham in Surrey in 1975. They were one of the most successful punk bands in the United Kingdom, achieving five top 20 singles, including "If the Kids Are United" and "Hurry Up Harry". The ...

, English punk band * Title of a work of art ** ''Sham'' (film), a lost 1921 silent film based on a Broadway play starring Ethel Clayton ** ''Sham'' (play), a 1920 one-act stage play by Frank G. Tompkins * Other uses ** Sham, a name for the cover of a pillow ** SHAM, salicylhydroxamic acid, a drug that works against urinary tract infections

Chinese use

* Kohn–Sham equations, named after Walter Kohn and Lu Jeu Sham * Sham Chun River, on the border of Hong Kong and mainland China * Sham Shui Po District, a district of Hong Kong * Sham Kwok Fai (born 1984), association football player from Hong Kong

Other uses

* Sham (name), list of people with the name *

Sham (horse) Sham (April 9, 1970 – April 3, 1993) was an American thoroughbred race horse and leading three year-old in 1973, who was overshadowed by his more famous peer, Secretariat. Sham was dark bay, almost black in color. He raced in the green and yell ...

, American Thoroughbred horse born in 1970 who won multiple graded stakes races ** Sham Stakes, a race named for the horse *

Sham, Iran Sham ( fa, شم; also known as Sam) is a village in Negur Rural District, Dashtiari District, Chabahar County, Sistan and Baluchestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 148, in 16 families. References

Populated plac ...

* Sham, a character in the X-Men 2099 comic book series *

Sham Pain "Sham Pain" is a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch. Released on April 20, 2018, it is the second single from their seventh studio album, ''And Justice for None''. It is the band's sixth number-one hit on ''Billboard''s ...

, a single by American heavy metal band Five Finger Death Punch from ''And Justice For None'' * Southern Hemisphere Annular Mode (SHAM), a climate pattern

Arabic use

English use

Chinese use

Other uses

See also