Vladimir (Vlad) M. Shalaev (born February 18, 1957) is a Distinguished Professor of Electrical and Computer EngineeringPeople, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University
/ref> and Scientific Director for Nanophotonics at Birck Nanotechnology Center,

Purdue University Purdue University is a public land-grant research university in West Lafayette, Indiana, and the flagship campus of the Purdue University system. The university was founded in 1869 after Lafayette businessman John Purdue donated land and money ...

Education and career

Shalaev earned a Master of Science Degree in physics (summa com laude) in 1979 from

Krasnoyarsk State University Krasnoyarsk State University was founded in 1963 in Krasnoyarsk, Siberia, Russia. By 2005, the university had trained more than 20 thousand specialists and had about 12.5 thousand students and graduate students. By this time, 1353 employees work ...

(

Russia Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...

) and a PhD Degree in physics and mathematics in 1983 from the same university. Shalaev received several awards for his research in the fields of

nanophotonics Nanophotonics or nano-optics is the study of the behavior of light on the nanometer scale, and of the interaction of nanometer-scale objects with light. It is a branch of optics, optical engineering, electrical engineering, and nanotechnology. It ...

and

metamaterial A metamaterial (from the Greek word μετά ''meta'', meaning "beyond" or "after", and the Latin word ''materia'', meaning "matter" or "material") is any material engineered to have a property that is not found in naturally occurring materials. ...

s, including the Max Born Award of the Optical Society of America (OSA),2010 Optical Society of America Max Born Award
/ref> the Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics,
/ref> Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Photonics Society William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award,2015 IEEE Photonics Society William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award
/ref> the Rolf Landauer Medal of the Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media (ETOPIM) International Association,2015 Rolf Landauer International ETOPIM Association Medal
/ref> the UNESCO Medal for the development of nanosciences and nanotechnologies,2012 UNESCO Medal for the Development of Nanosciences and Nanotechnologies
/ref> OSA and SPIE - The International Society for Optics and Photonics - Goodman Book Writing Award,2014 Joseph W. Goodman Book Writing Award
/ref> the 2020 Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids.2020 Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids
/ref> Shalaev is a Fellow of the OSA,2003 OSA Fellows
/ref> IEEE,
/ref> SPIE,Complete List of SPIE Fellows
/ref> American Physical Society (APS),APS Fellow Archive
/ref> and Materials Research Society (MRS).List of MRS Fellows
/ref> Prof. Shalaev has co-/written three- and co-/edited four books, and authored over 750 research publications, in total.V. Shalaev's publication list
/ref> His

h-index The ''h''-index is an author-level metric that measures both the productivity and citation impact of the publications, initially used for an individual scientist or scholar. The ''h''-index correlates with obvious success indicators such as winn ...

exceeds 100 with over 50,000 citations in total (according to Google Scholar).Shalaev h-index and citations, Google Scholar
/ref> In 2017-2022 Prof. Shalaev has been on the list of Highly Cited Researchers from the Web of Science Group;V. Shalaev - webofscience.com
/ref> he is ranked #10 in the optics category of the Stanford list of top 2% World's highest-cited scientists"Updated science-wide author databases of standardized citation indicators, September 2022"
/ref> (career-long; out of 64,044 entries).

Research

Vladimir M. Shalaev is recognized for his pioneering studies on linear and nonlinear optics of random nanophotonic composites that had helped to mold the research area of composite optical media. He also contributed to the emergence of a new field of engineered, artificial materials - optical metamaterials. Currently, he studies new phenomena resulting from merging metamaterials and plasmonics with quantum nanophotonics.S. I. Bogdanov, A. Boltasseva, V. M. Shalaev
Overcoming quantum decoherence with plasmonics
Science, v. 364, no. 6440, pp. 532-533 (2019)

Optical metamaterials

Optical metamaterials (MMs) are rationally designed composite nanostructured materials that exhibit unique electromagnetic properties drastically different from the properties of their constituent material components. Metamaterials offer remarkable tailorability of their electromagnetic response via shape, size, composition and morphology of their nanoscale building blocks sometimes called 'meta-atoms'. Shalaev proposed and demonstrated the first optical MM that exhibits negative index of refraction and the nanostructures that show artificial magnetism across the entire visible spectrum.V.M. Shalaev,
Optical Negative-Index Metamaterials
Nature photonics, v. 1, pp. 41–48 (2007)V.M. Shalaev, W. Cai, U.K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, A.K. Sarychev, V.P. Drachev, and A.V. Kildishev
Negative Index of Refraction in Optical Metamaterials
Optics Letters, v. 30, pp. 3356–3358 (2005)W. Cai, V.M. Shalaev
Optical Metamaterials: Fundamentals and Applications
Springer-Verlag, New York (2010)W. Cai, U.K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, V.C. de Silva, A.V. Kildishev, V.P. Drachev, and V.M. Shalaev
Metamagnetics with rainbow colors
Optics Express, v. 15, pp. 3333–3341 (2007) (''Here and thereafter, only selected, representative papers by Shalaev are cited; for complete list of Shalaev's publications visit his website.Prof. V. Shalaev, Purdue University, Electrical & Computer Engineering
/ref>'') He made important contributions to active, nonlinear and tunable metamaterials, which enable new ways of controlling light and accessing new regimes of enhanced light-matter interactions.A.K. Popov and V.M. Shalaev
Negative-index metamaterials: second-harmonic generation, Manley-Rowe relations and parametric amplification
Applied Physics B, v. 84, pp. 131–37 (2006)S. Xiao, V.P. Drachev, A.V. Kildishev, X. Ni, U.K. Chettiar, H.-K. Yuan, and V.M. Shalaev
Loss-free and active optical negative-index metamaterials
Nature, v. 466, pp. 735–738 (2010)O. Hess, J. B. Pendry, S. A. Maier, R. F. Oulton, J. M. Hamm and K. L. Tsakmakidis
Active nanoplasmonic metamaterials
Nature Materials, v. 11, pp. 573-584 (2012) Shalaev also experimentally realized negative-refractive-index MMs where optical gain medium is used to compensate for light absorption (optical loss). He made significant contributions to the so-called Transformation Optics, specifically on optical concentrators and "invisibility cloaks".W. Cai, U.K. Chettiar, A.V. Kildishev and V.M. Shalaev
Optical cloaking with metamaterials
Nature Photonics, v. 1, pp. 224-227 (2007)V.M. Shalaev
Transforming Light
Science, v. 322, pp. 384–386 (2008) In collaboration with Noginov, Shalaev demonstrated the smallest, 40-nm, nanolaser operating in the visible spectral range.M. A. Noginov, G. Zhu, A. M. Belgrave, R. Bakker, V. M. Shalaev, E. E. Narimanov, S. Stout, E. Herz, T. Suteewong and U. Wiesner
Demonstration of a spaser-based nanolaser
Nature, v. 460, pp.1110–1112 (2009) Shalaev also made seminal contributions to two dimensional, flat metamaterials – metasurfacesN. Yu, and F. Capasso
Optical Metasurfaces and Prospect of Their Applications Including Fiber Optics
Journal Of Lightwave Technology, v. 33, pp.2344–2358 (2015) – that introduce abrupt changes to the phase of light at a single interface via coupling to nanoscale optical antennas.X. Ni, S. Ishii, A.V. Kildishev, and V.M. Shalaev
Ultra-thin, planar, Babinet-inverted plasmonic metalenses
Light: Science & Applications, v. 2, p. e72 (2013)X. Ni, A.V. Kildishev, and V.M. Shalaev
Metasurface holograms for visible light
Nature Communications, v. 4, pp. 1–6 (2013)A. Shaltout, J. Liu, A. Kildishev, and V. Shalaev
Photonic spin Hall effect in gap-plasmon metasurfaces for on-chip chiroptical spectroscopy
Optica, v. 2, pp. 860-863 (2015) He realized extremely compact flat lens, ultra-thin hologram and record-small circular dichroism spectrometer compatible with planar optical circuitry. MM designs developed by Shalaev are now broadly employed for research in sub-wavelength optical imaging, nanoscale lasers, and novel sensors. Shalaev’s work had a strong impact on the whole field of metamaterials. Three of Shalaev’s papers - Refs. , , and - remain among the top 50 most-cited out of over 750,000 papers included in the ISI Web of Science OPTICS category since 2005 (as of January 2021).Web of Science Core Collection Search Results
/ref>

Random composites

Shalaev made pioneering contributions to the area of random optical media, including fractal and percolation composites.V. M. Shalaev
Electromagnetic Properties of Small-Particle Composites
Physics Reports, v. 272, pp. 61–137 (1996)V.M. Shalaev and A.K. Sarychev
Nonlinear optics of random metal-dielectric films
Physical Review B, v. 57, pp. 13265-13288 (1998)V. M. Shalaev
Nonlinear Optics of Random Media: Fractal Composites and Metal-Dielectric Films
Springer (2000)A.K. Sarychev, V.M. Shalaev
Electromagnetic field fluctuations and optical nonlinearities in metal-dielectric composites
Physics Reports, v. 335, pp. 275–371 (2000)A.K. Sarychev, V.M. Shalaev
Electrodynamics of Metamaterials
World Scientific (2007)M.I. Stockman, V.M. Shalaev, M. Moskovits, R. Botet, T.F. George
Enhanced Raman scattering by fractal clusters: Scale-invariant theory
Physical Review B, v. 46, pp. 2821–2830 (1992)D.P. Tsai, J. Kovacs, Zh. Wang, M. Moskovits, V.M. Shalaev, J.S. Suh, and R. Botet
Photon Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Images of Optical Excitations of Fractal Metal Colloid Clusters
Physical Review Letters, v. 72, pp. 4149–4152, (1994)S. Gresillon, L. Aigouy, A.C. Boccara, J.C. Rivoal, X. Quelin, C. Desmarest, P. Gadenne, V.A. Shubin, A.K. Sarychev, and V.M. Shalae
Experimental Observation of Localized Optical Excitations in Random Metal-Dielectric Films
Physical Review Letters, v. 82, pp. 4520-4523 (1999)A.K. Sarychev, V.A. Shubin, and V.M. Shalaev
Anderson localization of surface plasmons and nonlinear optics of metal-dielectric composites
Physical Review B, v. 60, pp. 16389–16408 (1999)V.P. Safonov, V.M. Shalaev, V.A. Markel, Yu.E. Danilova, N.N. Lepeshkin, W. Kim, S.G. Rautian, and R.L. Armstrong
Spectral Dependence of Selective Photomodification in Fractal Aggregates of Colloidal Particles
Physical Review Letters, v. 80, pp. 1102–1105 (1998)W. Kim, V.P. Safonov, V.M. Shalaev, and R.L. Armstrong
Fractals in Microcavities: Giant Coupled Multiplicative Enhancement of Optical Responses
Physical Review Letters, v. 82, pp. 4811–4814 (1999) He predicted the highly localized optical modes -'hot spots' - for fractals and percolating films which were later experimentally demonstrated by Shalaev in collaboration with the Moskovits and Boccara groups. Furthermore, he showed that the hot spots in fractal and percolation random composites are related to localization of surface plasmons.⁻ These localized surface plasmon modes in random systems are sometimes referred to as Shalaev's "hot spots": see e.g. This research on random composites stemmed from the early studies on fractals performed by Shalaev in collaboration with M. I. Stockman;V.M. Shalaev, M.I. Stockman
Fractals: optical susceptibility and giant Raman scattering
Zeitschrift für Physik D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, v. 10, pp. 71–79 (1988)A.V. Butenko, V.M. Shalaev, M.I. Stockman
Fractals: giant impurity nonlinearities in optics of fractal clusters
Zeitschrift für Physik D - Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, v. 10, pp. 81-92 (1988)S.G. Rautian, V.P. Safonov, P.A. Chubakov, V.M. Shalaev, M.I. Shtockman
Surface-enhanced parametric scattering of light by silver clusters
JETP Lett. v. 47, pp. 243–246 (1988) (translated from Zh.Eksp.Teor.Fiz. v. 47, pp. 20–203 (1988))A.V. Butenko, P.A. Chubakov, Yu.E. Danilova, S.V. Karpov, A.K. Popov, S.G. Rautian, V.P. Safonov, V.V. Slabko, V.M. Shalaev, M.I. Stockman
Nonlinear optics of metal fractal clusters
Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters, v. 990, pp. 283-289 (1990)V.M. Shalaev, R. Botet, R. Jullien
Resonant light scattering by fractal clusters
Physical Review B, v. 44, pp. 12216–12225 (1991)V.M. Shalaev, M.I. Stockman, and R. Botet
Resonant excitations and nonlinear optics of fractals
Physica A, v. 185, pp. 181–186 (1992) a theory of random metal-dielectric films was worked out in collaboration with A. K. Sarychev. Shalaev also developed fundamental theories of surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and strongly-enhanced optical nonlinearities in fractals and percolation systems and led experimental studies aimed to verify the developed theories.⁻V.M. Shalaev, C. Douketis, T. Haslett, T. Stuckless, and M. Moskovits
Two-photon electron emission from smooth and rough metal films in the threshold region
Physical Review B, v. 53, p. 11193 (1996) Shalaev also predicted that nonlinear phenomena in random systems can be enhanced not only because of the high local fields in hot spots but also due to the rapid, nanoscale spatial variation of these fields in the vicinity of hot spots, which serves as a source of additional momentum and thus enables indirect electronic transitions. Shalaev’s contributions to the optics and plasmonics of random media⁻ helped to transform those concepts into the area of optical metamaterials.⁻⁻ Owing to the theory and experimental approaches developed in the area of random composites, optical metamaterials have quickly become a mature research field surprisingly rich in new physics. Shalaev’s impact on the development of both fields is in identifying the strong synergy and close connection between these two frontier fields of optics that unlock an entirely new set of physical properties.

New Materials for Nanophotonics and Plasmonics

Random composites and metamaterials provide a unique opportunity to tailor their optical properties via shape, size and composition of their nanoscale building blocks, which often require metals to confine light down to the nanometer scale via the excitation of surface plasmons. To enable practical applications of plasmonics, Shalaev in collaboration with A. Boltasseva developed novel plasmonic materials, namely transition metal nitrides and transparent conducting oxides (TCOs), paving the way to durable, low-loss, and CMOS-compatible plasmonic and nanophotonic devices.P.R. West, S. Ishii, G.V. Naik, N.K. Emani, V.M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva
Searching for better plasmonic materials
Laser & Photonics Reviews, v. 4, pp. 795–808 (2010)G.V. Naik, V.M. Shalaev, and A. Boltasseva
Alternative Plasmonic Materials: Beyond Gold and Silver
Advanced Materials, v. 25, pp. 3264–3294 (2013)U. Guler, A. Boltasseva, and V. M. Shalaev
Refractory plasmonics
Science, v. 344, pp. 263–264 (2014)U. Guler, V.M. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva
Nanoparticle Plasmonics: Going Practical with Transition Metal Nitrides
Materials Today, v. 18, pp. 227–237 (2014)U. Guler, A. Kildishev, A. Boltasseva, and V.M. Shalaev
Plasmonics on the slope of enlightenment: the role of transition metal nitrides
Faraday Discussions, v. 178, pp. 71–86 (2015)A. Boltasseva and V.M. Shalaev
All that glitters need not be gold
Science, v. 347, pp. 1308-1310 (2015)A. Naldoni, U. Guler, Zh. Wang, M. Marelli, F. Malara, X. Meng, A.V. Kildishev, A. Boltasseva, V.M. Shalaev
Broadband Hot Electron Collection for Solar Water Splitting with Plasmonic Titanium Nitride
Advanced Optical Materials, v. 5, p. 1601031 (2017) The proposed plasmonic ceramics operating at high temperatures, can offer solutions to highly efficient energy conversion, photocatalysis and data storage technologies⁻. In collaboration with the Faccio group, Shalaev demonstrated ultrafast, strongly-enhanced nonlinear responses in TCOs that possess an extremely low (close to zero) linear refractive index – the so-called epsilon-near-zero regime.L. Caspani, R.P.M. Kaipurath, M. Clerici, M. Ferrera, T. Roger, A. Di Falco, J. Kim, N. Kinsey, V. M. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva, D. Faccio
Enhanced Nonlinear Refractive Index in ε-Near-Zero Materials
Physical Review Letters, v. 116, p. 233901 (2016)M. Clerici, N. Kinsey, C. DeVault, J. Kim, E. G. Carnemolla, L. Caspani, A. Shaltout, D. Faccio, V. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva, M. Ferrera
Controlling hybrid nonlinearities in transparent conducting oxides via two-colour excitation
Nature Communications v. 8, p. 15829 (2017)S. Vezzoli, V. Bruno, C. DeVault, T. Roger, V.M. Shalaev, A. Boltasseva, M. Ferrera, M. Clerici, A. Dubietis, and D. Faccio1
Optical time reversal from time-dependent epsilon-near-zero media
Physical Review Letters, v. 120, p. 043902 (2018) Independently, the

Boyd Boyd may refer to: Places Canada * Boyd Conservation Area, a conservation area located northwest of Toronto, Ontario * Boyd Lake (disambiguation) United States * Boyd County (disambiguation) * Boyd, Indiana * Boyd, Iowa * Boyd, Kansas * B ...

group obtained equally remarkable results in a TCO material,M.Z. Alam, I. De Leon, R.W. Boyd
Large optical nonlinearity of indium tin oxide in its epsilon-near-zero region
Science, v. 352, pp. 795–797 (2016) demonstrating that low-index TCOs hold a promise for novel nonlinear optics.

Early research

Shalaev’s PhD work (supervised by Prof. A.K. Popov) and early research involved theoretical analysis of resonant interaction of laser radiation with gaseous media, in particular i) Doppler-free multi-photon processes in strong optical fields and their applications in nonlinear opticsA.K. Popov, V.M. Shalaev
Doppler-free transitions induced by strong double-frequency optical excitations
Optics Communications, v. 35, pp. 189–193 (1980) spectroscopyA.K. Popov, V.M. Shalaev
Doppler-free spectroscopy and wave-front conjugation by four-wave mixing of nonmonochromatic waves
Applied Physics, v.21, pp. 93–94 (1980) and laser physicsA.K. Popov, V.M. Shalaev
Unidirectional Doppler-Free Gain And Generation In Optically Pumped Lasers
Applied Physics B, v. 27, pp. 63–67 (1982) as well as ii) the (newly-discovered then) phenomenon of light-induced drift of gases.A.K. Popov, A.M. Shalagin, V.M. Shalaev, V.Z. Yakhnin
Drift of gases induced by nonmonochromatic light
Applied physics, v.25, pp. 347–350 (1981)V.M. Shalaev and V.Z. Yakhnin
LID sound generated by pulsed excitation in gases
Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, v.20, pp. 2733–2743 (1987)

Awards, honors, memberships

* Recognized as Highly Cited Researcher by the Web of Science Group in 2017-2022; ranked #10 in the optics category of the Stanford list of top 2% World's highest-cited scientists (career-long; out of 64,044 entries) * The 2020 Frank Isakson Prize for Optical Effects in Solids * The Optical Society of America Max Born Award, 2010 * The Willis E. Lamb Award for Laser Science and Quantum Optics, 2010 * IEEE Photonics Society William Streifer Scientific Achievement Award, 2015 * Rolf Landauer Medal of the ETOPIM (Electrical, Transport and Optical Properties of Inhomogeneous Media) International Association, 2015 * The 2012 Nanotechnology Award from UNESCO * The 2014 Goodman Book Award from OSA and SPIE
Honorary Doctorate from University of Southern Denmark
2015

* ttps://www.purdue.edu/research/awards/herbert-newby-mccoy-award/past/shalaev.php The 2009 McCoy Award, Purdue University's highest honor for scientific achievement * Fellow of the Materials Research Society (MRS), since 2015 * Fellow of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), since 2010 * Fellow of the American Physical Society (APS), since 2002 * Fellow of the Optical Society of America (OSA), since 2003 * Fellow of the International Society for Optical Engineering (SPIE), since 2005 * General co-Chair for 2011 and Program co-Chair 2009 of CLEO/QELS conferences * Chair of the OSA Technical Group “Photonic Metamaterials”, 2004 - 2010
Reviewing Editor for Science Science Magazine
* Co-Editor of Applied Physics B - Lasers and Optics, 2006 - 2013
Topical Editor for Journal of Optical Society of America B
2005–2011
Editorial Board Member for Nanophotonics journal
since 2012

since 2008

Publications

Prof. Shalaev co-/authored three- and co-/edited four books in the area of his scientific expertise. According to Shalaev's website,Prof. V. Shalaev's website: Publications
/ref> over the course of his career he contributed 30 invited chapters to various scientific anthologies and published a number of invited review articles, over 800 publications in total. He made over 500 invited presentations at International Conferences and leading research centers, including a number of plenary and keynote talks.Prof. V. Shalaev's website: Invited Lectures
/ref>

References

{{DEFAULTSORT:Shalaev, Vladimir 21st-century American physicists Russian physicists 1957 births Living people Optical physicists Metamaterials scientists Purdue University faculty Fellows of the American Physical Society Fellows of the Optical Society Fellows of SPIE