Seyed Reza Bahaadini (March 29, 1908 – July 19, 1997) was an

Iranian Iranian may refer to: * Iran, a sovereign state * Iranian peoples, the speakers of the Iranian languages. The term Iranic peoples is also used for this term to distinguish the pan ethnic term from Iranian, used for the people of Iran * Iranian lan ...

Shia Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest Islamic schools and branches, branch of Islam. It holds that the Prophets and messengers in Islam, Islamic prophet Muhammad in Islam, Muhammad designated Ali, ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his S ...

jurist A jurist is a person with expert knowledge of law; someone who analyses and comments on law. This person is usually a specialist legal scholar, mostly (but not always) with a formal qualification in law and often a legal practitioner. In the Uni ...

, teacher of ethics and practical

mysticism Mysticism is popularly known as becoming one with God or the Absolute, but may refer to any kind of ecstasy or altered state of consciousness which is given a religious or spiritual meaning. It may also refer to the attainment of insight in u ...

. He was one of the disciples of

Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi Grand Ayatollah Hajj Sheikh Abdolkarim Haeri Yazdi ( fa, عبدالکریم حائری یزدی; ar, عبد الكريم الحائري اليزدي ; 1859 – 30 January 1937) was a Twelver Shia Muslim scholar and marja. He was the founder of a ...

Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was a contemporary Iranian Muslim Faqīh and a Twelver Marja' who was in charge of the administration of the Qom Seminary for ten years. He was born on 17 March 1893 and died on 19 January 1953. He was a promi ...

, ''Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Khansari'' and

Hossein Borujerdi Grand Ayatollah Sayyid Hossein Ali Tababataei Borujerdi (Luri/ fa, آیت الله العظمی سید حسین طباطبایی بروجردی; 23 March 1875 – 30 March 1961) was a leading Iranian Shia Marja' in Iran from approximately 1947 t ...

. His greatest occupation and fame was his public or private debates on Islamic ethics courses, which lasted until the last days of his life.

Birth and lineage

Seyed Reza Bahaadini was born on 29 March 1908 in

Qom Qom (also spelled as "Ghom", "Ghum", or "Qum") ( fa, قم ) is the seventh largest metropolis and also the seventh largest city in Iran. Qom is the capital of Qom Province. It is located to the south of Tehran. At the 2016 census, its popul ...

Iran Iran, officially the Islamic Republic of Iran, and also called Persia, is a country located in Western Asia. It is bordered by Iraq and Turkey to the west, by Azerbaijan and Armenia to the northwest, by the Caspian Sea and Turkmeni ...

. His lineage goes back to

Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin ʿAlī ibn al-Ḥusayn Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn ( ar, علي بن الحسين زين العابدين), also known as al-Sajjād (, ) or simply as Zayn al-ʿĀbidīn (), , was an Imam in Shiʻi Islam after his father Husayn ibn Ali, his uncle Hasan ...

(the fourth Imam in Shiʻi Islam). His father, Seyed Safi al-Din, was a pious man and one of the servants of the

Fatima Masumeh Shrine The Shrine of Fatima Masumeh ( fa, حرم فاطمه معصومه translit. ''haram-e fateme-ye masumeh'') is located in Qom, which is considered by Shia Muslims to be the second most sacred city in Iran after Mashhad. Fatima Masumeh was the ...

, he had Islamic

seminary A seminary, school of theology, theological seminary, or divinity school is an educational institution for educating students (sometimes called ''seminarians'') in scripture, theology, generally to prepare them for ordination to serve as clergy, ...

education and was fluent in

Quranic studies Qur'anic studies is the academic study of the Quran, the religious scripture of Islam. Schools Behnam Sadeghi and Mohsen Goudarzi classify scholars of Quranic studies into four groups: traditionalists, revisionists, skeptics, and neo-traditiona ...

. His mother, ''Fatemeh Soltan'', was from the descendant of the family of

Mulla Sadra Ṣadr ad-Dīn Muḥammad Shīrāzī, more commonly known as Mullā Ṣadrā ( fa, ملا صدرا; ar, صدر المتألهین) (c. 1571/2 – c. 1635/40 CE / 980 – 1050 AH), was a Persian Twelver Shi'i Islamic mystic, philosopher, the ...

(Persian

Twelver Twelver Shīʿīsm ( ar, ٱثْنَا عَشَرِيَّة; '), also known as Imāmīyyah ( ar, إِمَامِيَّة), is the largest branch of Shīʿa Islam, comprising about 85 percent of all Shīʿa Muslims. The term ''Twelver'' refers t ...

Shi'i Shīʿa Islam or Shīʿīsm is the second-largest branch of Islam. It holds that the Islamic prophet Muhammad designated ʿAlī ibn Abī Ṭālib as his successor (''khalīfa'') and the Imam (spiritual and political leader) after him, most n ...

Islamic mystic and philosopher).

Education and career

From the age of two, he was sent to primary local school to learn the

surahs A ''surah'' (; ar, سورة, sūrah, , ), is the equivalent of "chapter" in the Qur'an. There are 114 ''surahs'' in the Quran, each divided into '' ayats'' (verses). The chapters or ''surahs'' are of unequal length; the shortest surah (''Al-Ka ...

Quran The Quran (, ; Standard Arabic: , Classical Arabic, Quranic Arabic: , , 'the recitation'), also romanized Qur'an or Koran, is the central religious text of Islam, believed by Muslims to be a revelation in Islam, revelation from God in Islam, ...

. After learning to recite the Quran, he learned to read and write. At the age of six, he entered the Islamic Seminary of Qom, where he began to study religious sciences. He entered

Feyziyeh School Feyziyya School ( fa, مدرسه فیضیه) is an old school in Iran that was founded in the Safavid era. The school has been listed as one of Iran's national monuments as of January 29, 2008. The school served as a focal point for clerical oppos ...

at the age of 12 after passing the entrance exam. Due to his rich and extraordinary intelligence, he was noticed by the professors from the very beginning and he started learning specialized topics under the supervision of professors such as ''Sheikh Abolghasem Qomi'' (died 1934) and ''Mohammad Taghi Bafghi'' (died 1946). He also passed the intermediate seminary courses with professors ''Mirza Mohammad Ali Adib Tehrani'' (died 1949), ''Mirza Mohammad Razini Hamedani'' (died 1999), ''Mullah Ali Masoumi Hamadani'' (died 1978) and

Sadr al-Din al-Sadr Sadr al-Din Sadr ( ar, صدر الدين الصدر) (1882 – 26 November 1953
erfan.ir) was the father of Islamic jurisprudence ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and e ...

and

Principles of Islamic jurisprudence Principles of Islamic jurisprudence, also known as ''uṣūl al-fiqh'' ( ar, أصول الفقه, lit. roots of fiqh), are traditional methodological principles used in Islamic jurisprudence (''fiqh'') for deriving the rulings of Islamic law ('' ...

under

(died 1937), and after him, he benefited from the lessons of

(died 1953), ''Seyyed Mohammad Taghi Khansari'' (died 1952) and

(died 1961). And since then, he first began to teaching general courses of literature, Islamic jurisprudence and principles for many years. After that, for nearly twenty years he has been teaching the highest level of seminary courses in the Islamic Seminary of Qom.

His disciples

Ayatollah Ayatollah ( ; fa, آیت‌الله, āyatollāh) is an Title of honor, honorific title for high-ranking Twelver Shia clergy in Iran and Iraq that came into widespread usage in the 20th century. Etymology The title is originally derived from ...

''Seyed Reza Bahaadini's'' greatest occupation throughout his life has been teaching Islamic seminary sciences. Many people have attended his lesson, some of whom are: ; The intermediate seminary courses Ayatollah Bahaoddini (2)

Morteza Motahhari Morteza Motahhari ( fa, مرتضی مطهری, also Romanized as "Mortezā Motahharī"; 31 January 1919 – 1 May 1979) was an Iranian Twelver Shia scholar, philosopher, lecturer. Motahhari is considered to have an important influence on th ...

Ali Meshkini Ali Akbar Feiz Aleni ( fa, علی‌اکبر فیض آلنی; 2 December 1921 – 30 July 2007), better known as Ali Meshkini, was an Iranian cleric and politician. Life Meshkini was an Iranian Azerbaijani born in a village near Meshkin Shahr ...

Ahmad Azari Qomi Grand Ayatollah Ahmad Azari-Qomi-Bigdeli was an Iranian cleric. Born in 1925 in Qom, after the 1979 Iranian Revolution he served on the Special Clerical Court, and Assembly of Experts, founded the conservative Resalat Newspaper. He was arrested ...

Mohammad Fazel Lankarani Grand Ayatollah Mohammad Fazel Lankarani (1931 – June 16, 2007) was an Iranian Twelver Shia Marja'. He was student of Grand Ayatollah Borujerdi. He was a child of a Persian mother and an Azerbaijani father. Biography and clerical activities ...

Hussein-Ali Montazeri Grand Ayatollah Hussein-Ali Montazeri ( fa, حسینعلی منتظری‎ ; 24 September 1922 – 19 December 2009) was an Iranian Shia Islamic theologian, Islamic democracy advocate, writer and human rights activist. He was one of the leade ...

Mostafa Khomeini Mostafa Khomeini ( fa, مصطفی خمینی ; 12 December 1930 – 23 October 1977) was an Iranian cleric and the eldest son of Ayatollah Khomeini. He died before the Iranian Revolution. Early life and education Khomeini was born in Qom on ...

Seyyed Abdollah Fateminia Seyyed Abdollah Fateminia ( fa, سید عبدالله فاطمی‌نیا; 1946 – 16 May 2022) was an Iranian Shiite cleric, professor of Islamic ethics, orator, Islamic historian and bibliographer. He researched Arabic poetry, hadith, ethics ...

* Seyyed Abolfazl Ahmadi Khomeini Shahri * Seyyed Mohammad Hossein Hosseini Tehrani ; The highest level of seminary courses * Mahdi Hadavi Tehrani * Seyyed Mohammad Hashem Qazanfari Khansari * Hossein Heydari Kashani *

Mohammad Hassan Ahmadi Faqih Ayatollah Mirza Mohammad Hassan Ahmadi Faghih (Persian: ميرزا محمد حسن احمدى فقيه) (born 1951 - died August 28, 2010 ) was an Iranian peoples, Iranian Twelver Shi'a Marja', Marja. He studied in seminaries of Qum, Iran under ...

* Mohammad Hossein Ahmadi Faqih Yazdi * Mahmoud Amjad *

Ahmad Jannati Ahmad Jannati ( fa, احمد جنتی, born 23 February 1927) is an Iranian conservative politician. He was born in Ladan, Isfahan. Jannati is known for his anti-LGBT rhetoric and opposition to secularism. He is also a founding member of the H ...

* Mohammad Hassan Moezzi *

Mohammad Momen Ayatollah Mohammad Momen (13 January 1938 – 21 February 2019) was a Faqih (a cleric qualified to judge based on Islamic law) and a very influential member of the Guardian Council of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Influence in government He sim ...

* Mohammad Nasiri

Bibliography

The following manuscripts and treatises by ''Seyed Reza Bahaadini'' remain (all in

Persian language Persian (), also known by its endonym Farsi (, ', ), is a Western Iranian language belonging to the Iranian branch of the Indo-Iranian subdivision of the Indo-European languages. Persian is a pluricentric language predominantly spoken and ...

, the titles have been translated into English for convenience): * Statements of the course of Hajj Sheikh Abdul-Karim Haeri Yazdi on

Fiqh ''Fiqh'' (; ar, فقه ) is Islamic jurisprudence. Muhammad-> Companions-> Followers-> Fiqh. The commands and prohibitions chosen by God were revealed through the agency of the Prophet in both the Quran and the Sunnah (words, deeds, and ...

and

principles A principle is a proposition or value that is a guide for behavior or evaluation. In law, it is a rule that has to be or usually is to be followed. It can be desirably followed, or it can be an inevitable consequence of something, such as the la ...

, especially the discussion of

Zakat Zakat ( ar, زكاة; , "that which purifies", also Zakat al-mal , "zakat on wealth", or Zakah) is a form of almsgiving, often collected by the Muslim Ummah. It is considered in Islam as a religious obligation, and by Quranic ranking, is ne ...

('' fa, تقريرات درس حاج شيخ عبدالكريم حائری يزدی در فقه و اصول، به ويژه بحث زكات'') * Statements of the course of

Agha Zia ol Din Araghi Zia'eddin Araghi also known as Agha Zia'eddin Araghi ( fa, آقا ضیاء الدین عراقی) was an eminent Shia jurist, Usuli and Mujtahid during the flourishing the Usul Fiqh in Ja'fari school in Shia after Muhammad Baqir Behbahani. Fa ...

on topics outside of Fiqh ('' fa, تقريرات درس آقا ضياءالدين عراقی در مباحث خارج فقه'') * Statements of the course of Mirza Muhammad Hossein Naini outside of Fiqh and principles ('' fa, تقريرات درس آيت‌الله ميرزا محمدحسين نايينی در خارج فقه و اصول'') * Statements of the course of Ayatollah Borujerdi on advanced jurisprudential issues ('' fa, تقريرات درس آيت الله بروجردی در مباحث پيشرفته فقهی'') * Notes on some cases from the book Riyad al-Masa'il ('' fa, حواشی بر مواردی از كتاب رياض المسائل'') * Statements of the course of

Muhammad Hujjat Kuh-Kamari Seyyed Mohammad Hojjat Kooh Kamari was a contemporary Iranian Muslim Faqīh and a Twelver Marja' who was in charge of the administration of the Qom Seminary for ten years. He was born on 17 March 1893 and died on 19 January 1953. He was a promi ...

('' fa, تقريرات درس آيت الله سيد محمد حجت کوه‌کمری'') * Footnotes and comments on the book

Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa ''Al-Urwah al-Wuthqa'' (, ) was an Islamic revolutionary journal founded by Muhammad Abduh and Jamāl al-Dīn al-Afghānī. Despite only running from 13 March 1884 to October 1884, it was one of the first and most important publications of the ...

Mohammed Kazem Yazdi Mohammed Kazem Tabataba'i Yazdi (; 1831–1919) was a Twelver Shia Marja' based in Najaf, most famous for compiling a collection of religious rulings, al-Urwa al-wuthqa. Constitutional Revolution He was apolitical, and therefore during the Irani ...

('' fa, حواشی و تعليقات بر كتاب عروة الوثقی از سيد محمدكاظم يزدی'') * Notes on

Makasib ''Kitab al-Makasib'' or ''Makasib'' ( ar, كتاب المكاسب, lit=Transactions) is a two-volume Twelver Shi'ah legal manual of Islamic commercial law written on ''Fiqh'' by Morteza Ansari. It remains a key textbook in the modern Hawza and ha ...

by Sheikh Ansari ('' fa, حواشی بر مكاسب شيخ انصاری'') * Comments and explanations on

Kefayah al-osul Kifayat al-Usul ( ar, كفاية الاصول) (''Sufficiency of Principles'') is a two-volume book that contains the most notable works of Akhund Khorasani in the field of Principles of Islamic jurisprudence (''Usul al-Fiqh''). ''Kifayat al-Us ...

Akhund Khorasani Ayatullah Sheikh Muhammad Kazim Khurasani ( fa, ; 1839 – 12 December 1911), commonly known as Akhund Khurasani ( fa, ) was a Shia jurist and political activist. He is known for using his position as a Marja as legitimizing force behind the ...

('' fa, تعليقات و توضيحات بر كفايةالاصول آخوند خراسانی'') * An explanation of some phrases from

Al-Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya ''Sahifa al-Sajjadiyya'' ( ar, ٱلصَّحِيفَة ٱلسَّجَّادِيَّة, translit=Ṣaḥīfa al-Sajjādīyya, lit=the scripture of al-Sajjad, ) is a book of supplications attributed to Ali ibn Husayn, the great-grandson of the Isl ...

('' fa, شرحی بر فرازهايی از دعاهای صحيفه سجاديه'') * Description of parts of

Nahj al-Balagha ''Nahj al-Balagha'' ( ar, نَهْج ٱلْبَلَاغَة ', 'The Path of Eloquence') is the best-known collection of sermons, letters, and sayings attributed to Ali ibn Abi Talib, fourth Rashidun Caliph, first Shia Imam and the cousin and so ...

, especially the first sermon and also the Imam's letter to

Malik al-Ashtar Malik al-Ashtar ( ar, مَالِك ٱلْأَشْتَر), also known as Mālik bin al-Ḥārith al-Nakhaʿīy al-Maḏḥijīy ( ar, مَالِك ٱبْن ٱلْحَارِث ٱلنَّخَعِيّ ٱلْمَذْحِجِيّ), was one of the loyal ...

('' fa, شرح بخش‌هايی از نهج‌البلاغه به ويژه خطبه اول و نيز نامه امام به مالك اشتر'') * Interpretive topics under the

Asr The Asr prayer ( ar, صلاة العصر ', "afternoon prayer") is one of the five mandatory salah (Islamic prayer). As an Islamic day starts at sunset, the Asr prayer is technically the fifth prayer of the day. If counted from midnight, it is ...

, Inshirah, Nasr,

Kawthar Al-Kawthar ( ar, الكوثر, "Abundance") is the 108th chapter (sūrah) of the Quran. It is the shortest chapter, consisting of three '' ayat'' or verses: : ۝ We have given thee abundance :۝ So pray to your Lord and sacrifice o Him alone :� ...

and a part of surahs Ankabut and

Yusuf Yusuf ( ar, يوسف ') is a male name of Arabic origin meaning "God increases" (in piety, power and influence).From the Hebrew יהוה להוסיף ''YHWH Lhosif'' meaning "YHWH will increase/add". It is the Arabic equivalent of the Hebrew name ...

('' fa, مباحث تفسيری ذيل سوره‌های عصر، انشراح، نصر، كوثر و بخشی از سوره عنكبوت و يوسف'') * Description of the

Supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali The supplication of Abu Hamza al-Thumali (Arabic: دعاء أبي حمزة الثمالي) is a Du'a, attributed to Ali ibn Husayn Zayn al-Abidin, Ali ibn al-Husayn, the great-grandson of the Islam, Islamic Prophets and messengers in Islam, proph ...

('' fa, شرح دعای ابوحمزه ثمالی'') * Studies in Arabic language and literature and a comparison between the order and prose of

Jahiliyyah The Age of Ignorance ( ar, / , "ignorance") is an Islamic concept referring to the period of time and state of affairs in Arabia before the advent of Islam in 610 CE. It is often translated as the "Age of Ignorance". The term ''jahiliyyah'' ...

with the era of the advent of Islam ('' fa, بررسی‌هايی در زبان و ادبيات عرب و مقايسه بين نظم و نثر جاهليت و عصر ظهور اسلام'') * Notes about

and its principles ('' fa, يادداشت‌هايی در فقه و اصول'') * Reflection on the thoughts and ideas of the Wahhabi sect ('' fa, تأملی در افكار و عقايد فرقه وهّابی'') * Collection of poems ('' fa, مجموعه اشعار'') None of the scattered writings that ''Seyed Reza Bahaadini'' has written about

, exegesis of the Quran and his notes on the jurisprudential interpretations of some of his masters have not been widely published. However, some of his ethics courses and some of his interviews have been published in two following books: * Spiritual Conduct: Speeches, Interviews, and Memoirs of the Pious Faqih and the Wise Mystic

Bahaadini ('' fa, سلوک معنوی: گفتار‌ها، مصاحبه‌ها و خاطره‌هایی از فقیه وارسته و عارف فرزانه حضرت آیة الله بهاءالدینی''), compiled by ''Akbar Asadi'' * The Ladder to Sky: A Collection of Ethics Courses of the Pious Faqih and the Wise Mystic, excellency Ayatollah Bahaadini ('' fa, نردبان آسمان: مجموعه‌ای از درس‌های اخلاق فقیه وارسته و عارف فرزانه، حضرت آیة‌الله بهاءالدینی''), compiled by ''Akbar Asadi''

Marriage and children

''Seyed Reza Bahaadini'' got married at the age of seventeen. He had two sons and eight daughters.

Death

''Seyed Reza Bahaadini'' died on 19 July 1997 in

and was buried in the

next to the grave of his teacher

. One day after the death of ''Seyed Reza Bahaadini'', the supreme leader of Iran,

Ali Khamenei Sayyid Ali Hosseini Khamenei ( fa, سید علی حسینی خامنه‌ای, ; born 19 April 1939) is a Twelver Shia ''marja and the second and current Supreme Leader of Iran, in office since 1989. He was previously the third president o ...

issued a statement of public condolences in respect of him.

References

External links

Sayyid Rida Baha' al-Dini - WikiShia

Ethics or akhlāq, Shi'a Books on Ethics

Book Shining Sun In Memory of ‘Allamah Tabataba’i
{{DEFAULTSORT:Bahaadini, Seyed Reza 1908 births 1997 deaths Shia clerics Iranian Shia clerics Iranian Shia scholars of Islam People from Qom Burials at Fatima Masumeh Shrine