Sex ratio
The sex ratio (or gender ratio) is usually defined as the ratio of males to females in a population. As explained by Fisher's principle, for evolutionary reasons this is typically about 1:1 in species which reproduce sexually. Many species devia ...
is used to describe the ratio of females to males in a population. In India, the sex ratio has been estimated via a number of methods and data sets including the
decennial censuses, the
National Family Health Survey
The National Family Health Survey (NFHS) is an India-wide survey conducted by Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India, with the International Institute for Population Sciences serving as the nodal agency.
History
In 1992-93, t ...
s (NFHS), the Civil Registration System, the Sample Registration System and the Health Management Information System. In 2014, the ratio of female births per 1000 male births varied from 887 to 918 using these estimates. According to the NFHS-4 (2015–16) sex ratio of the total population (females per 1,000 males) was 991 (with an urban ratio of 956 and a rural ratio of 1,009).
In 2011–2013, it was revealed through a population census with the Sample Registration System (SRS) that the sex ratio of India was 909 females per 1000 of males.
It has skewed downwards from then, recording 900 females in 2013–2015 and 896 in 2015–17 per 1000 of males.
Furthermore, that survey conducted with the SRS also showed
Chhattisgarh
Chhattisgarh (, ) is a landlocked state in Central India. It is the ninth largest state by area, and with a population of roughly 30 million, the seventeenth most populous. It borders seven states – Uttar Pradesh to the north, Madhya Prade ...
as the highest sex ratio at 961, while
Haryana
Haryana (; ) is an Indian state located in the northern part of the country. It was carved out of the former state of East Punjab on 1 Nov 1966 on a linguistic basis. It is ranked 21st in terms of area, with less than 1.4% () of India's land ar ...
was recorded the lowest at 831.
However, sex ratio have moved into a positive direction. According to recent survey by National Family Health Survey (NFHS), there are 1020 women for 1000 men in India as per December 2021. The male-skew in India's sex ratio has increased since the early 20th century. In 1901 there were 3.2 million fewer women than men in India, but by the
2001 Census the disparity had increased by more than a factor of 10, to 35 million.
This increase has been variously attributed to
female infanticide
Female infanticide is the deliberate killing of newborn female children. In countries with a history of female infanticide, the modern practice of gender-selective abortion is often discussed as a closely related issue. Female infanticide is a ma ...
,
selective abortions (aided by increasing access to
prenatal sex discernment procedures), and female child neglect.
It has been suggested that the motivation for this selection against female children is due to the lower status and perceived usefulness of women in India's patriarchal society. However, sex ratio have moved into a positive direction. According to recent survey by National Family Health Survey (NFHS), there are 1020 women for 1000 men in India as per November 2021.
Ranking of states and union territories
![India sex ratio map en](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/India_sex_ratio_map_en.svg)
In the table below, the rank numbers represented by 'S' are for
states while 'UT' are for
union territories. The data in the table is based on the
population census of 2001 and
2011
File:2011 Events Collage.png, From top left, clockwise: a protester partaking in Occupy Wall Street heralds the beginning of the Occupy movement; protests against Libyan dictator Muammar Gaddafi, who was killed that October; a young man celebrate ...
.
;Notes:
See also
*
Gender Development Index The Gender Development Index (GDI) is an index designed to measure gender equality.
GDI, together with the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM), was introduced in 1995 in the Human Development Report written by the United Nations Development Program. ...
*
List of countries by sex ratio
The human sex ratio is the comparative number of males with respect to each female in a population. This is a list of sex ratios by country or region.
Methodology
The table's data is from ''The World Factbook'' unless noted otherwise. It show ...
*
Child sex ratio
In India, the child sex ratio is defined as the number of females per thousand males in the age group 0–6 years in a human population. Thus it is equal to 1000 x the reciprocal of the sex ratio (ratio of males to females in a population) in t ...
*
List of countries by Social Progress Index
*
International rankings of India
The following lists show's India's international rankings in various fields and topics.
1.)India ranks 5th largest GDP (nominal) across the globe.
India is a democratic country which got independent on 15 August 1947.
Demography
Society
...
*
Women in India
The status of women in India has been subject to many changes over the span of recorded Indian history. Their position in society deteriorated early in India's ancient period, especially in the Indo-Aryan speaking regions, and their subordinat ...
*
Female infanticide in India
Female infanticide in India has a history spanning centuries. Poverty, the dowry system, births to unmarried women, deformed infants, famine, lack of support services, and maternal illnesses such as postpartum depression are among the causes ...
*
Female foeticide in India Female foeticide in India ( hi, text= भ्रूण हत्या, translit=bhrūṇ-hatyā, translation=foeticide) is the abortion of a female foetus outside of legal methods. A research by Pew Research Center based on Union government data in ...
References
;Bibliography
*
Further reading
*
(2011 figures)
*
*
*
{{DEFAULTSORT:States and union territories of India by sex ratio
Demographics of India
Lists of subdivisions of India
India, sex ratio
*