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A few months after the 1969 premiere of the
children's television program Children's television series (or children's television shows) are television programs designed for children, normally scheduled for broadcast during the morning and afternoon when children are awake. They can sometimes run during the early evenin ...
''
Sesame Street ''Sesame Street'' is an American educational children's television series that combines live-action, sketch comedy, animation and puppetry. It is produced by Sesame Workshop (known as the Children's Television Workshop until June 2000) ...
'' in the U.S., talks began in the
United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the European mainland, continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotlan ...
to broadcast the programme or develop a co-production on British television. The idea was controversial at the time; the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
was opposed to it, and ITV was reluctant. Response from parents, educators, and television officials to the show was varied, ranging from distaste to acceptance. After much public debate, the
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chose not to air ''Sesame Street'' for several reasons, including the show's educational methods, its creation for American audiences, and the UK's long history of quality educational television programmes for young children. ITV, after much research, including a report entitled ''Reactions to Sesame Street in Britain, 1971'', chose to air ''Sesame Street'' on a limited basis. It then switched to
Channel 4 Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television network operated by the state-owned Channel Four Television Corporation. It began its transmission on 2 November 1982 and was established to provide a fourth television service ...
in the 1980s and aired there until 2001, when it was pulled from its regular schedule, replaced by ''
The Hoobs ''The Hoobs'' is a live-action/animated children's television series created and produced by The Jim Henson Company and Decode Entertainment for Channel Four. Five series of 52 episodes were produced. Concept Channel 4 announced in November ...
''. The 1971 report stated that educators "abhorred" ''Sesame Street'', while parents and young children viewed it more positively. The report was sceptical of the educational methods used to produce the show, and agreed with the BBC that quality children's programming was already in place in the UK, although it recognised that the public debate surrounding the show had improved children's television in Britain. It also stated that the producers of children's television programmes in Britain should follow the producers of ''Sesame Street's'' example and base their content on the feedback of its audience.


BBC

''Sesame Street'' premiered on
public broadcasting Public broadcasting involves radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing ...
television stations in the US on 10 November 1969, to positive
reviews A review is an evaluation of a publication, product, service, or company or a critical take on current affairs in literature, politics or culture. In addition to a critical evaluation, the review's author may assign the work a rating to indic ...
, some controversy, and high ratings. A few months after its debut, producers from several countries requested that the Children's Television Workshop (CTW) create and produce versions of ''Sesame Street'' in their countries, which came to be called "
international co-productions A co-production is a joint venture between two or more different production companies for the purpose of film production, television production, video game development, and so on. In the case of an international co-production, production companies ...
". Producers in the UK began discussing plans to broadcast either a co-production or the American broadcast on British television within six months after the show debuted in the US. The
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
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disliked the series from the very beginning and refused to air a British version, claiming that there were already children's television programmes that accomplished the same goals as ''Sesame Street''. Throughout 1970 and 1971, debates raged in the British media about broadcasting the show in the UK.
Joan Ganz Cooney Joan Ganz Cooney (born Joan Ganz; November 30, 1929) is an American television writer and producer. She is one of the founders of Sesame Workshop (formerly ''Children's Television Workshop'' or CTW), the organization famous for the creation of ...
, the creator of ''Sesame Street'', expressed her hopes that a British version of the show could expose British children to "something more telling than
The Magic Roundabout ''The Magic Roundabout'' is an English-language children's television programme that ran from 1965 to 1977. It used the footage of the French stop motion animation show ''Le Manège enchanté'' but with completely different scripts and characte ...
". Monica Sims, head of children's programming at the BBC at the time, stated, "This sounds like indoctrination, and a dangerous extension of the use of television". A teacher in
North London North London is the northern part of London, England, north of the River Thames. It extends from Clerkenwell and Finsbury, on the edge of the City of London financial district, to Greater London's boundary with Hertfordshire. The term ''nor ...
showed the series to over 400 educators and reported that the most negative feedback was that ''Sesame Street'' was "brash and vulgar but utterly lovable". On 24 November 1970, a half hour extract of the programme was shown at a meeting for the Society for Film and Television Arts. One member stated, "There is not much chance of it appearing on British television, but the Department of Education and Science was looking into using the programme in schools". Cooney said, "One day we thought: Can't we use commercials, not to sell products but to teach letters and numbers". As the public debate over the series increased, Sims wrote a letter of reply in ''The Guardian'' outlining the BBC's decision and its objections regarding ''Sesame Street''. It rejected the show's appearance in the UK because although the network aired other American programmes, as well as programmes produced all over the world, ''Sesame Street'' was produced specifically for American children, who were not exposed to children's programmes of the same high quality as those in Britain. Sims and the BBC claimed that the philosophy behind the show was what they called "wallpaper television", which encouraged children to watch television for several hours, something British programmes discouraged. The BBC also eschewed ''Sesame Street's'' didactic teaching methods, which the BBC felt was inappropriate in mass media. The BBC was against children's programming that dictated what young children should learn, so airing ''Sesame Street'' would go against twenty years of children's television programmes in the UK. Finally, Sims and the BBC believed that since ''Sesame Street'' was "carefully geared" to the needs of disadvantaged children in the U.S., much of the terminology, including the words "
trash Trash may refer to: Garbage * Garbage, unwanted or undesired waste material ** Litter, material discarded in inappropriate places ** Municipal solid waste, unwanted or undesired waste material generated in a municipal environment Arts, enter ...
" and " zip code", would confuse four-year-olds in Britain. The decision of Sims and the BBC engendered both praise and disappointment and generated an investigation into the network's scheduling practices. The controversy also stalled development of a British co-production. In 1974, the BBC broadcast 13 episodes of ''
The Electric Company ''The Electric Company'' is an American educational children's television series produced by the Children's Television Workshop (CTW, now known as Sesame Workshop). It was co-created by Paul Dooley, Joan Ganz Cooney, and Lloyd Morrisett. The ...
'', another CTW show, for an eight-week run. Its rationale to air it was that the show was a part of a school
curriculum In education, a curriculum (; : curricula or curriculums) is broadly defined as the totality of student experiences that occur in the educational process. The term often refers specifically to a planned sequence of instruction, or to a view ...
, accompanied by back-up resources such as books. With the BBC's refusal to air ''Sesame Street'', the debate over its place on British TV passed to ITV.


ITV

After the BBC rejected ''Sesame Street'', the
Independent Television Authority The Independent Television Authority (ITA) was an agency created by the Television Act 1954 to supervise the creation of "Independent Television" ( ITV), the first commercial television network in the United Kingdom. The ITA existed from 1954 un ...
(ITA) considered giving it a network slot on ITV, after concluding that further research was needed. In March and April 1971, HTV broadcast a three-week weekday test run; the series was received favourably, but the ITA concluded that more testing would be required. It passed the enquiry to The Authority Schools Committee, which authorised
LWT London Weekend Television (LWT) (now part of the non-franchised ITV London region) was the ITV network franchise holder for Greater London and the Home Counties at weekends, broadcasting from Fridays at 5.15 pm (7:00 pm from 1968 un ...
,
Grampian Television Grampian Television was the original name of the Channel 3 service for the north of Scotland founded in 1961 and now named STV. The northern region's coverage area includes the Northern Isles, Western Isles, Highlands (except Fort William a ...
and HTV to broadcast another test run of ''Sesame Street'', under the understanding that its permission "should not be construed as educational endorsement of ''Sesame Street'' for British children". HTV's second trial ran in December 1971 daily for three weeks, and LWT and Grampian broadcast it for thirteen weeks on Saturday mornings from September to December 1971. After the trials, Grampian dropped the series until July 1978, while HTV continued to air it. LWT continued to air it, but dropped it in August 1973, and reacquired it on 15 October 1977. The ITA and The Authority Schools Committee agreed to allow both companies to continue broadcasting the series after their study concluded in March 1971, with three additional ITV companies agreeing to air it the following year. Like the
BBC #REDIRECT BBC #REDIRECT BBC Here i going to introduce about the best teacher of my life b BALAJI sir. He is the precious gift that I got befor 2yrs . How has helped and thought all the concept and made my success in the 10th board exam. ...
...
, some ITV companies opposed ''Sesame Street'', and certain ITV companies created their own original children's programmes. At the same time, the British government decided to require extra hours of children's programming in the afternoon. In 1974, ATV aired the peak time ''Sesame Street'' special '' Julie on Sesame Street'', with Julie Andrews. The special was filmed in the UK at
ATV Elstree Studios The BBC Elstree Centre, sometimes referred to as the BBC Elstree Studios, is a television production facility, currently owned by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The complex is located between Eldon Avenue and Clarendon Road in Boreh ...
.


''Sesame Street'' broadcast dates in Britain

* HTV - 29 March 1971 *
LWT London Weekend Television (LWT) (now part of the non-franchised ITV London region) was the ITV network franchise holder for Greater London and the Home Counties at weekends, broadcasting from Fridays at 5.15 pm (7:00 pm from 1968 un ...
and Grampian - 25 September 1971 * Granada - 8 July 1972 * UTV - 6 January 1973 *
Westward Television Westward Television was the first ITV (TV network), ITV franchise-holder for the South West England, South West of England. It held the franchise from 29 April 1961 until 31 December 1981. After a difficult start, Westward Television provided a ...
- May 1973 (originally on Sundays, before moving to Saturdays in summer 1974) * ATV - 6 July 1977 * Southern Television - 19 November 1977 *
Border Borders are usually defined as geographical boundaries, imposed either by features such as oceans and terrain, or by political entities such as governments, sovereign states, federated states, and other subnational entities. Political borders c ...
- 8 July 1978 * STV - 16 March 1979 *
Anglia Television ITV Anglia, previously known as Anglia Television, is the ITV franchise holder for the East of England. The station is based at Anglia House in Norwich, with regional news bureaux in Cambridge and Northampton. ITV Anglia is owned and operated b ...
- July 1981 *
Yorkshire Yorkshire ( ; abbreviated Yorks), formally known as the County of York, is a historic county in northern England and by far the largest in the United Kingdom. Because of its large area in comparison with other English counties, functions have ...
- 29 March 1982 * Tyne Tees - 5 July 1982 *
Channel Television ITV Channel Television, previously Channel Television, is a British television station which has served as the ITV contractor for the Channel Islands since 1962. It is based in Jersey and broadcasts regional programme for insertion into the ...
- 4 April 1984 ITV's federal structure, which allowed each television company to decide what programmes it would broadcast, meant that it took over 15 years before ''Sesame Street'' was broadcast in all parts of the UK. The show was broadcast on Saturday mornings or during week-day school holidays. ITV continued to broadcast the series until early 1987, when, after an 8-month hiatus, it reappeared daily on
Channel 4 Channel 4 is a British free-to-air public broadcast television network operated by the state-owned Channel Four Television Corporation. It began its transmission on 2 November 1982 and was established to provide a fourth television service ...
from 30 November 1987 until March 2001. It then continued to air on Saturday mornings until 22 September 2001, when it was replaced by ''
The Hoobs ''The Hoobs'' is a live-action/animated children's television series created and produced by The Jim Henson Company and Decode Entertainment for Channel Four. Five series of 52 episodes were produced. Concept Channel 4 announced in November ...
''.


Independent Television Authority Report

''Reactions to Sesame Street in Britain 1971'' was a report commissioned by the ITA in association with the National Council for Educational Technology and three ITV companies. The report was not distributed or published in the national press at first because the ITA believed that the increase in British children's programmes had decreased the demand for ''Sesame Street's'' broadcast in the UK, although both ITV and the BBC used the report to improve children's programming. The report found that educators "abhorred" ''Sesame Street'' for discrediting and possibly corrupting educational objectives. It also questioned the success of the educational approaches used by the show. Frank Blackwell, the director of the primary extension programmes for the National Council for Educational Technology, carried out the research reported in ITA's report. Both children and their parents were questioned about their interaction with ''Sesame Street'', and sociologists watched children's reactions while watching it. They found that 98—99% of young viewers enjoyed it, and were surprised to discover that most of the negative reactions were from educators. Most parents had positive reactions. The report cited the concerns raised by Americans such as John Holt and Arnold Arnold about the educational techniques used in ''Sesame Street'', as well as the validity of the research used by the CTW to produce the show. The investigators recognised the show's success in the U.S., but agreed with the BBC that both the ITA and the BBC had over twenty years of experience producing high-quality educational programmes for children, unlike in the U.S., where the production of ''Sesame Street'' was the first time a "proper pre-school television programme" was made. The report also agreed that the BBC's carefully selected imported programmes upheld their high standards. In the UK, the organisations involved in the production of educational television programmes were small, so it was easy for them to work together, thus forming a pool of knowledge accessible to few outside the industry. As a result, it was difficult to compare ''Sesame Street'' and British-made series, although ''Sesame Street'' helped galvanise the BBC and ITV to produce additional educational programmes for children. The report recommended that British shows follow the example of the producers and creators of ''Sesame Street'', and adjust the content of their programmes based upon their audience's feedback. The report concluded that without ''Sesame Street'', discussion would not have occurred, and the changes to both American and British children's programming would not have happened as quickly. The ITA's report found that most parents reported that their children were interested in ''Sesame Street''. Parents also reported that children responded well to the show, found the series funny, that it held their attention, and that most learned from viewing it. Most of their children requested to watch the show again. Parents' criticism of the show was that the pace was too fast, that some of the songs included were poor-in-quality, and that children were confused regarding the use of upper and lower case letters. Half of the parents questioned believed that a fifty-minute children's programme was too long. Parents' criticisms of ''Sesame Street'' tended to vary depending upon the region. 64% of parents in the HTV test area and 43% of parents in the LWT area considered the show too American. Overall, the feedback from young viewers was positive. The report found that children's attention levels were highest during the show's
jazz Jazz is a music genre that originated in the African-American communities of New Orleans, Louisiana in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, with its roots in blues and ragtime. Since the 1920s Jazz Age, it has been recognized as a m ...
segments, and that their favorite Muppets were
Bert and Ernie Bert and Ernie are two Muppet characters who appear together in numerous skits on the long-running PBS/HBO children's television show, ''Sesame Street''. Originated by Frank Oz and Jim Henson, the characters are currently performed by puppeteer ...
. In the Grampian area, some children found the use of letter names rather than sounds confusing, especially after they began school.


Absence from UK screens

Following the discontinuation of terrestrial broadcasts by Channel 4, Sesame Street has also been shown on satellite and cable channels, such as
Nick Jr. Nick Jr. (known on-air as the Nick Jr. Channel) is an American pay television channel spun off from Nickelodeon's long-running programming block of the same name. It is run by Paramount Global through its networks division's Kids and Family Gr ...
from 2000 to 2003 and the Disney Channel. As of 2011, the broadcast of ''Sesame Street'' in the UK was limited to BBC Northern Ireland, which has aired ''
Sesame Tree ''Sesame Tree'' is an adaptation of the American children's television series, ''Sesame Street'', which was made entirely in Northern Ireland. The series was produced by Belfast based production company, Sixteen South and Sesame Workshop. The fir ...
'' since 2008, and
TG4 TG4 ( ga, TG Ceathair, ) is an Irish free-to-air public service television network. The channel launched on 31 October 1996 and is available online and through its on demand service TG4 Player in Ireland and beyond. TG4 was formerly known ...
, which aired '' Tar ag Spraoi Sesame'' in Northern Ireland from 2007. The show's spin-off, ''
Play with Me Sesame ''Play with Me Sesame'' is an American children's television series, created by Sesame Workshop and Nickelodeon for their former joint venture Noggin. It is a spin-off of ''Sesame Street'' hosted by Ernie, Bert, Prairie Dawn, and Grover. The ser ...
'', was aired on
Playhouse Disney Playhouse Disney was a brand of programming blocks and international cable and satellite television channels that were owned by the Disney Channels Worldwide unit (now Disney Branded Television) of The Walt Disney Company's Disney–ABC Televi ...
, and Channel 5 aired three of the show's segment series, '' Elmo's World'', '' Bert and Ernie's Great Adventures'' and '' Abby's Flying Fairy School''. Channel 5 preferred to dub British voices onto their imported shows, and feels that utilising puppets is outdated. The BBC has stood by its original decision, and its position that other children's programmes in the UK cover similar learning themes and values. In 2014,
CBeebies CBeebies is a British free-to-air public broadcast children's television channel owned and operated by the BBC. It is also the brand used for all BBC content for children aged 6 years and under. Its sister channel CBBC is aimed at older childr ...
launched a ''Sesame Street'' spin-off called ''
The Furchester Hotel ''The Furchester Hotel'' is a puppet series that aired on CBeebies (the BBC's preschool network). It is the second British-American spin-off of ''Sesame Street'' that the BBC have made after '' Sesame Tree'' 6 years before. The show ran on CBeeb ...
'', which included Elmo and Cookie Monster as well as new characters. The second season introduced more ''Sesame Street'' characters as visitors to the hotel. ''Sesame Street'' returned to UK television on Cartoon Network's sister pre-school channel,
Cartoonito Cartoonito is a brand name used by Warner Bros. Discovery for a collection of television networks and Block programming, programming blocks that target preschool-age children. The name combines the "cartoon" with the Spanish language, Spanish suf ...
on 7 November 2016 for a six-month period, with the last episodes aired at the end of April 2017. In December 2018, a segment called ''Cookie Monster’s Foodie Truck'' that airs on
Tiny Pop Tiny Pop (styled as tiny POP) is a British free-to-air children's television channel in the United Kingdom, owned by Narrative Entertainment UK Limited. Broadcast on many of the major digital television platforms in the UK, Tiny Pop, which was ...
, then another segment, ''Elmo's Wonderful World'' that was first aired on the same channel on 1 January 2020 and ''Cookie’s Crumby Pictures'' and ''Super Grover 2.0'' joined in on 1 September, the block was called "Sesame Workshop". On 30 May 2020,
BBC One BBC One is a British free-to-air public broadcast television network owned and operated by the BBC. It is the corporation's flagship network and is known for broadcasting mainstream programming, which includes BBC News television bulletins, ...
aired the half-hour special '' Elmo's Playdate'' - produced in response to the
COVID-19 pandemic The COVID-19 pandemic, also known as the coronavirus pandemic, is an ongoing global pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The novel virus was first identi ...
- marking the first time ''Sesame Street'' has been broadcast on the BBC's main domestic television network. The special also aired earlier in the month on CBeebies.Elmo’s Playdate special to air on BBC One
licensingsource.net, 29 May 2020


References


External links

{{Sesame Street Sesame Street