Sericopelma Fallax

''Sericopelma'' is a genus of tarantula (family Theraphosidae), found in Central America from Nicaragua to Panama. The limits of the genus and its distribution have long been confused; it is closely related to the genus '' Aphonopelma''. ''Sericopelma'' species are among the largest found in Central America. They can be kept as pets, although at least one species has been described as "very aggressive".

Description

Spiders in the genus ''Sericopelma'' are some of the largest found in Central America. Males have bodies long, females are somewhat longer at . They can be kept as pets in terraria, although '' S. melanotarsum'' is described as "very aggressive".

Diagnosis

Characters that distinguish species of the genus ''Sericopelma'' from other theraphosids found in the same localities include the following. The carapace is longer than wide, with a deep transverse pit (fovea) and distinct grooves radiating from it. The femur of the fourth leg has a dense pad of feathery (plumose) hair on the side facing away from the head of the animal (retrolateral); the metatarsus of the same leg has a divided and reduced trace of tuft-like ( scopulate) hairs at the end furthest from the body. The first leg lacks stridulatory hairs. Females have spermathecae with a single lobe, expanded at the apex to form a P-shape in cross-section. Males lack tibial spurs and their palpal bulbs have an embolus of a characteristic shape.

Taxonomy

''Sericopelma'' was initially described by Anton Ausserer in 1875 as a subgenus of ''Eurypelma'' (now '' Avicularia'') with the type species '' E. rubronitens''. It was given full generic status by Simon in 1892. Until the middle of the 20th century only males were known by formal descriptions. The genus as a whole was described in 2015 as "poorly defined". Confusion with genera such as ''Brachypelma'' has been frequent; two species were transferred from that genus in 2015.

A molecular phylogenetic study in 2016 produced the cladogram shown below, showing that ''Sericopelma'' is embedded in the genus '' Aphonopelma'', as the latter is currently circumscribed. It is likely that generic boundaries will change with further research.

Species

, the World Spider Catalog accepted the following species:
*''Sericopelma angustum'' (Valerio, 1980) – Costa Rica
*'' Sericopelma commune'' F. O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1897 – Panama
*'' Sericopelma dota'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*'' Sericopelma embrithes'' (Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936) – Panama
*'' Sericopelma ferrugineum'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*'' Sericopelma generala'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*'' Sericopelma immensum'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*''Sericopelma melanotarsum'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*''Sericopelma panamanum'' (Karsch, 1880) – Panama; may be included in ''S. rubronitens''
*''Sericopelma panamense'' (Simon, 1891) – Panama (some sources include Mexico, but this is rejected in a 2015 study)
*'' Sericopelma rubronitens'' Ausserer, 1875 – Central America (Panama)
*'' Sericopelma silvicola'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica
*''Sericopelma upala'' Valerio, 1980 – Costa Rica

One species has been rejected as a member of the genus ''Sericopelma'', but no other placement has been given, so that it is still listed in this genus:

*'' Sericopelma fallax'' Mello-Leitão, 1923 – Brazil

In synonymy

* ''Sericopelma balboanum'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = '' Sericopelma rubronitens''
* ''Sericopelma consocius'' (Chamberlin, 1940) = '' Sericopelma rubronitens''

Nomen dubium

* ''Sericopelma striatum'' (Ausserer, 1871) – Venezuela

Transferred to other genera

* ''Sericopelma carapoense'' (Lucas, 1983) → '' Nhandu carapoensis''

Distribution

Specimens placed in the genus have been given localities ranging from Mexico to Brazil. However, detailed studies by Gabriel and Longhorn in 2011 and 2015 suggest that some of these were errors, and that the true range of the genus is from Nicaragua to Panama.

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2110741

Theraphosidae
Theraphosidae genera
Spiders of Central America