Serhiy Yefremov ( uk, Сергій Єфремов; October 18, 1876 – March 31, 1939) was a
Ukrainian
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
literary journalist, historian, critic, political activist, statesman, and academician. He was a member of the
Ukrainian Academy of Science (1919) and
Shevchenko Scientific Society
The Shevchenko Scientific Society () is a Ukrainian scientific society devoted to the promotion of scholarly research and publication that was founded in 1873.
Unlike the government-funded National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, the society ...
in
Lviv
Lviv ( uk, Львів) is the largest city in western Ukraine, and the seventh-largest in Ukraine, with a population of . It serves as the administrative centre of Lviv Oblast and Lviv Raion, and is one of the main cultural centres of Ukraine ...
. Yefremov is his literary
pseudonym
A pseudonym (; ) or alias () is a fictitious name that a person or group assumes for a particular purpose, which differs from their original or true name (orthonym). This also differs from a new name that entirely or legally replaces an individua ...
; his real name is Okhrimenko.
Early years
Serhiy Okhrimenko was born in the village of
Palchik,
Zvenigorodka uyezd of the
Kyiv Governorate
Kiev Governorate, r=Kievskaya guberniya; uk, Київська губернія, Kyivska huberniia (, ) was an administrative division of the Russian Empire from 1796 to 1919 and the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic from 1919 to 1925. It wa ...
. Today the village still stands, but in
Cherkasy Raion
Cherkasy Raion ( uk, Черкаський район, translit.: ''Cherkas'kyi raion'') is a raion (district) of Cherkasy Oblast. It is located in the central part of Cherkasy oblast, and the center of the raion is the city of Cherkasy. The popul ...
of the
Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast ( uk, Черка́ська о́бласть, Cherkaska oblast, ), also referred to as Cherkashchyna ( uk, Черка́щина, ) is an oblast (province) of central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center ...
, in central
Ukraine
Ukraine ( uk, Україна, Ukraïna, ) is a country in Eastern Europe. It is the second-largest European country after Russia, which it borders to the east and northeast. Ukraine covers approximately . Prior to the ongoing Russian inv ...
. He was born in an
Eastern Orthodox
Eastern Orthodoxy, also known as Eastern Orthodox Christianity, is one of the three main branches of Chalcedonian Christianity, alongside Catholicism and Protestantism.
Like the Pentarchy of the first millennium, the mainstream (or "canonical") ...
family. He studied from 1891-1896 at the
Kyivan Theological Seminary. Later he graduated from the Faculty of Law at
Kyiv University
Kyiv University or Shevchenko University or officially the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv ( uk, Київський національний університет імені Тараса Шевченка), colloquially known as KNU ...
.
Political start
Political activity started during student years becoming the member of the Ukrainian Universal non-Party Democratic Organization. In 1904 became co-founder of the
Ukrainian Radical Party
The Ukrainian Radical Party, (URP), ( uk, Українська радикальна партія, УPП, ''Ukrajinśka Radykaľna Partija'') founded in October 1890 as Ruthenian-Ukrainian Radical Party and based on the radical movement in wester ...
, which in 1905 out of his initiative united together with the
Ukrainian Democratic Party and establishing the
Ukrainian Democratic Radical Party
Ukrainian Democratic Party (UDP), was a Ukrainian party that existed in Kiev in since 1897 first as a clandestine General Ukrainian nonpartisan democratic organization that grew into a political party just before the 1905 Russian revolution. The ...
. In 1905 became the leader of the Ukrainian Social Union (USU) ''Peasant Union''. In 1908 became the co-founder of the
Society of Ukrainian Progressionists
Ukrainian Democratic Party (UDP), was a Ukrainian party that existed in Kiev in since 1897 first as a clandestine General Ukrainian nonpartisan democratic organization that grew into a political party just before the 1905 Russian revolution. The 1 ...
. He worked in the variety of Ukrainian periodicals such as ''Zoria'', ''Pravda'', ''
Kyivan Past'', ''Ukraina'' etc. In 1885–1918 he was the head of publishing ''Vik''.
Secretariat
He was arrested numerous times by the
Russia
Russia (, , ), or the Russian Federation, is a List of transcontinental countries, transcontinental country spanning Eastern Europe and North Asia, Northern Asia. It is the List of countries and dependencies by area, largest country in the ...
n authorities for pressing public speeches in defense of national culture and political freedoms in pre-revolutionary period. In March 1917 Okhrimenko entered the staff of the
Central Rada
The Central Council of Ukraine ( uk, Українська Центральна Рада, ) (also called the Tsentralna Rada or the Central Rada) was the All-Ukrainian council (soviet) that united deputies of soldiers, workers, and peasants deputie ...
. In April 1917, at the
Ukrainian National Congress
Ukrainian may refer to:
* Something of, from, or related to Ukraine
* Something relating to Ukrainians, an East Slavic people from Eastern Europe
* Something relating to demographics of Ukraine in terms of demography and population of Ukraine
* So ...
was elected as the deputy of the Head of the
Rada
The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (RADA; ) is a drama school in London, England, that provides vocational conservatoire training for theatre, film, television, and radio. It is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senat ...
and the member of the
Mala Rada
Mala may refer to:
Comics
* Mala (Amazon), an Amazon from Wonder Woman's side of the DC Universe
* Mala (Kryptonian), a villain from Superman's corner of the DC Universe
Films and television
* ''Mala'' (1941 film), a Bollywood drama film
* , a ...
. On June 15, 1917 became the general secretary of the International Affairs in the newly formed Ukrainian government,
General Secretary
Secretary is a title often used in organizations to indicate a person having a certain amount of authority, power, or importance in the organization. Secretaries announce important events and communicate to the organization. The term is derived ...
of the
Ukrainian People's Republic
The Ukrainian People's Republic (UPR), or Ukrainian National Republic (UNR), was a country in Eastern Europe that existed between 1917 and 1920. It was declared following the February Revolution in Russia by the First Universal. In March 1 ...
. On July 17, 1917 he was replaced by Oleksandr Shulhyn from the same political party. From September 1917 heads the
Ukrainian Party of Socialists-Federalists
Ukrainian Democratic Party (UDP), was a Ukrainian party that existed in Kiev in since 1897 first as a clandestine General Ukrainian nonpartisan democratic organization that grew into a political party just before the 1905 Russian revolution. The 1 ...
. From April 1918 and until 1920 he did not hold any official positions.
Soviet Ukraine
With the installation of Soviet power in Ukraine was forced to go into the illegal situation and hiding. In spring 1919, at the request of the
Ukrainian Academy of Science, he was amnestied. From 1922 until 1928, he was one of the leaders of the Ukrainian Academy of Science. He was the chief defendant in the 1929 public
show trial
A show trial is a public trial in which the judicial authorities have already determined the guilt or innocence of the defendant. The actual trial has as its only goal the presentation of both the accusation and the verdict to the public so th ...
of the leaders of the supposed
Union for the Liberation of Ukraine
The Union for the Liberation of Ukraine ( uk, Союз визволення України, СВУ; Soyuz vyzvolennia Ukrayiny, SVU) was a political organization that was established on 4 August 1914 in Lemberg, Kingdom of Galicia and Lodomeria.La ...
. In 1930, he was sentenced to death, but the sentence was later commuted to ten years in prison. He died in 1939 while in
Vladimir Central Prison
Vladimir Prison, popularly known as Vladimir Central (russian: Владимирский централ), is a prison in Vladimir, Russia. It is the largest prison in Russia, with a capacity of 1220 detainees, and is operated by the Federal Penite ...
.
[http://ukrainianweek.com/History/33904 ]
References
Further reading
*
Mykhailo Hrushevsky
Mykhailo Serhiiovych Hrushevsky ( uk, Михайло Сергійович Грушевський, Chełm, – Kislovodsk, 24 November 1934) was a Ukrainian academician, politician, historian and statesman who was one of the most important figure ...
, edited by O. J. Frederiksen. ''A History of Ukraine''. New Haven:
Yale University Press
Yale University Press is the university press of Yale University. It was founded in 1908 by George Parmly Day, and became an official department of Yale University in 1961, but it remains financially and operationally autonomous.
, Yale Universi ...
: 1941.
*Ihor Pidkova (editor), Roman Shust (editor),
Dovidnyk z istorii Ukrainy, 3 Volumes, Kiev, 1993–1999, (t. 1), (t. 2), (t. 3). Article
External links
at the
Encyclopedia of Ukraine
The ''Encyclopedia of Ukraine'' ( uk, Енциклопедія українознавства, translit=Entsyklopediia ukrainoznavstva), published from 1984 to 2001, is a fundamental work of Ukrainian Studies.
Development
The work was creat ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Yefremov, Serhiy
1876 births
1939 deaths
People from Cherkasy Oblast
People from Zvenigorodsky Uyezd (Kiev Governorate)
Ukrainian Democratic Party (1904) politicians
20th-century Ukrainian politicians
Foreign ministers of Ukraine
Members of the Central Council of Ukraine
Ukrainian diplomats
Society of Ukrainian Progressors members
20th-century Ukrainian historians
Ukrainian literary critics
Ukrainian independence activists
Members of the Shevchenko Scientific Society
Union for the Freedom of Ukraine trial
Inmates of Vladimir Central Prison
Ukrainian prisoners and detainees
Ukrainian prisoners sentenced to death
Prisoners sentenced to death by the Soviet Union
Ukrainian people who died in Soviet detention
Enforced disappearances in the Soviet Union
Nonpersons in the Eastern Bloc