Sergiu Celibidache (; 14 August 1996) was a

Romanian Romanian may refer to: *anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Romania **Romanians, an ethnic group **Romanian language, a Romance language *** Romanian dialects, variants of the Romanian language ** Romanian cuisine, tradition ...

conductor,

composer A composer is a person who writes music. The term is especially used to indicate composers of Western classical music, or those who are composers by occupation. Many composers are, or were, also skilled performers of music. Etymology and Defi ...

, musical theorist, and teacher. Educated in his native

Romania Romania ( ; ro, România ) is a country located at the crossroads of Central Europe, Central, Eastern Europe, Eastern, and Southeast Europe, Southeastern Europe. It borders Bulgaria to the south, Ukraine to the north, Hungary to the west, S ...

, and later in Paris and Berlin, Celibidache's career in music spanned over five decades, including tenures as principal conductor of the

Munich Philharmonic The Munich Philharmonic (german: Münchner Philharmoniker, links=no) is a German symphony orchestra located in the city of Munich. It is one of Munich's four principal orchestras, along with the Bavarian Radio Symphony Orchestra, the Munich Ra ...

Berlin Philharmonic The Berlin Philharmonic (german: Berliner Philharmoniker, links=no, italic=no) is a German orchestra based in Berlin. It is one of the most popular, acclaimed and well-respected orchestras in the world. History The Berlin Philharmonic was fo ...

, Sicilian Symphony Orchestra and several other European orchestras. Later in life, he taught at

Mainz University The Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (german: Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz) is a public research university in Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany, named after the printer Johannes Gutenberg since 1946. With approximately 32,000 st ...

in Germany and the

Curtis Institute of Music The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia. It offers a performance diploma, Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in opera, and a Professional Studies Certificate in opera. All students attend on full scholarship. Hi ...

Philadelphia Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (; ( Pennsylvania Dutch: )), officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state spanning the Mid-Atlantic, Northeastern, Appalachian, and Great Lakes regions of the United States. It borders Delaware to its southeast, ...

. Celibidache frequently refused to release his performances on commercial recordings during his lifetime, claiming that a listener could not have a "transcendental experience" outside the concert hall. Many of the recordings of his performances were released posthumously. He has nonetheless earned international acclaim for his interpretations of the classical repertoire and was known for a spirited performance style informed by his study and experiences in

Zen Buddhism Zen ( zh, t=禪, p=Chán; ja, text= 禅, translit=zen; ko, text=선, translit=Seon; vi, text=Thiền) is a school of Mahayana Buddhism that originated in China during the Tang dynasty, known as the Chan School (''Chánzong'' 禪宗), and ...

. He is regarded as one of the greatest conductors of the 20th century.

Early life and education

Sergiu Celibidache was born on 28 June 1912 to Demostene Celebidachi, a cavalry officer of the Romanian army and later prefect of the

Iași Iași ( , , ; also known by other alternative names), also referred to mostly historically as Jassy ( , ), is the second largest city in Romania and the seat of Iași County. Located in the historical region of Moldavia, it has traditionally ...

region and Maria Celebidachi (née Brăteanu), in

Roman Roman or Romans most often refers to: *Rome, the capital city of Italy *Ancient Rome, Roman civilization from 8th century BC to 5th century AD *Roman people, the people of ancient Rome *''Epistle to the Romans'', shortened to ''Romans'', a letter ...

, a small city in the

Moldavia Moldavia ( ro, Moldova, or , literally "The Country of Moldavia"; in Romanian Cyrillic: or ; chu, Землѧ Молдавскаѧ; el, Ἡγεμονία τῆς Μολδαβίας) is a historical region and former principality in Centr ...

region of Romania, where his father was a government official.Naxos – Sergiu Celibidache (Biography
Sergiu Celibidache
Retrieved 31 August 2012.EMI Classics. Sergiu Celibidache (1912–1996)
Biography
Retrieved 31 August 2012. He grew up in

, where his family soon moved after his birth.Biography
/ref> He was already improvising at the piano by the age of four, and after a traditional schooling in mathematics, philosophy and music in Iași, was sent by his father to

Bucharest Bucharest ( , ; ro, București ) is the capital and largest city of Romania, as well as its cultural, industrial, and financial centre. It is located in the southeast of the country, on the banks of the Dâmbovița River, less than north of ...

and then to

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, where he continued his studies. His father had expected him to pursue a political career in Romania, but in 1936 Celibidache enrolled in the

Hochschule für Musik A music school is an educational institution specialized in the study, training, and research of music. Such an institution can also be known as a school of music, music academy, music faculty, college of music, music department (of a larger ins ...

(Academy of Music) in Berlin (German authorities erroneously changed his surname from Celebidachi to Celibidache, the form he retained), where he studied composition with

Heinz Tiessen Richard Gustav Heinz Tiessen (10 April 1887 – 29 November 1971) was a German composer. Biography Tiessen was born at Königsberg, where he studied with composer Erwin Kroll before moving to Berlin. There, he enrolled at Humboldt University a ...

and conducting with Kurt Thomas, Walter Gmeindl and

Fritz Stein Friedrich Wilhelm Stein (17 December 1879 – 14 November 1961) was a German theologian, conductor, musicologist and church musician. He found in an archive in Jena the score of the so-called '' Jena Symphony'', which he published as possibly a wo ...

. He continued with doctoral studies at the Friedrich Wilhelm University (Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität), where he studied philosophy with

Nicolai Hartmann Paul Nicolai Hartmann (; 20 February 1882 – 9 October 1950) was a Baltic German philosopher. He is regarded as a key representative of critical realism and as one of the most important twentieth-century metaphysicians. Biography Hartmann was ...

and

Eduard Spranger Eduard Spranger (27 June 1882 – 17 September 1963) was a German philosopher and psychologist. A student of Wilhelm Dilthey, Spranger was born in Berlin and died in Tübingen. He was considered a humanist who developed a philosophical pe ...

and musicology with

Arnold Schering Arnold Schering (2 April 1877 in Breslau, German Empire – 7 March 1941 in Berlin) was a German musicologist. He grew up in Dresden as the son of an art publisher. He learned violin at the from which he graduated in 1896. Thereafter he studied v ...

and

Georg Schünemann Georg Schünemann (13 March 1884 – 2 January 1945) was a German musicologist. Life Born in Berlin, Schünemann, the son of a rector, was awarded a doctorate after studying music in 1907 with his dissertation on the ''history of conducting''. ...

. He submitted a dissertation on

Josquin des Prez Josquin Lebloitte dit des Prez ( – 27 August 1521) was a composer of High Renaissance music, who is variously described as French or Franco-Flemish. Considered one of the greatest composers of the Renaissance, he was a central figure of the ...

and received his degree in 1944. Throughout the 1940s, he accompanied and was romantically involved with Romanian-born dancer and choreographer

Iris Barbura Iris Barbura (born November 4, 1912 in Arad, Romania; d. June 13, 1969 in Ithaca, New York) was a Romanian-German-American dancer, choreographer, and dance teacher. Life and Work Barbura began her dance studies in 1931 in Bucharest at the Natio ...

. During his studies in Berlin, Celibidache was introduced to

by his teacher Martin Steinke, and Buddhism informed Celibidache's worldview and work for the rest of his life. In a 1986 interview, he said, "I was born a Christian Orthodox, and studied philosophy, but I still couldn't find solutions to my problems. It was through Steinke that I found ..the way of Zen. All I can say is that without Zen I couldn't have known this strange principle that the beginning is the end. Music is nothing but the materialization of this principle."

Career

Dan Hadani collection (990044496370205171) (cropped)

From 1945 to 1952 Celibidache was principal conductor of the

. He got his big break shortly after the end of World War II in tragic circumstances:

Leo Borchard Lew Ljewitsch "Leo" Borchard (31 March 1899 – 23 August 1945) was a German-Russian conductor and briefly musical director of the Berlin Philharmonic. Biography Borchard was born in Moscow to German parents, and grew up in Saint Petersbu ...

, who was cleared to conduct by the American forces, was shot during a nocturnal car ride, and no other de-Nazified conductors were available. But he fought selflessly to have

Wilhelm Furtwängler Gustav Heinrich Ernst Martin Wilhelm Furtwängler ( , , ; 25 January 188630 November 1954) was a German conductor and composer. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest symphonic and operatic conductors of the 20th century. He was a major ...

(a great influence on Celibidache) reinstated as orchestra leader, and from 1947 to 1952 they shared the responsibilities of conducting the Philharmonic. Celibidache later worked with radio orchestras in

Stockholm Stockholm () is the Capital city, capital and List of urban areas in Sweden by population, largest city of Sweden as well as the List of urban areas in the Nordic countries, largest urban area in Scandinavia. Approximately 980,000 people liv ...

Stuttgart Stuttgart (; Swabian: ; ) is the capital and largest city of the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is located on the Neckar river in a fertile valley known as the ''Stuttgarter Kessel'' (Stuttgart Cauldron) and lies an hour from the ...

and

. He also worked in Britain in the late 1940s and 1950s, due partly to the promotional efforts of the pianist

Eileen Joyce Eileen Alannah Joyce CMG (died 25 March 1991) was an Australian pianist whose career spanned more than 30 years. She lived in England in her adult years. Her recordings made her popular in the 1930s and 1940s, particularly during World War I ...

and her partner, an artists' agent. Joyce said that Celibidache was the greatest conductor she had ever worked with: "he was the only one who got inside my soul". In 1970 he was awarded

Denmark ) , song = ( en, "King Christian stood by the lofty mast") , song_type = National and royal anthem , image_map = EU-Denmark.svg , map_caption = , subdivision_type = Sovereign state , subdivision_name = Danish Realm, Kingdom of Denmark ...

's Sonning Award. From 1979 until his death he was music director of the

. He regularly taught at

Hochschule für Musik Mainz The Hochschule für Musik Mainz (HfMM, Mainz School of Music) is a university of music, part of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz. It is the only such institution in the German state of Rhineland-Palatinate. History The institution was ...

in Germany and in 1984 taught at the

Curtis Institute The Curtis Institute of Music is a private conservatory in Philadelphia. It offers a performance diploma, Bachelor of Music, Master of Music in opera, and a Professional Studies Certificate in opera. All students attend on full scholarship. Hi ...

Philadelphia, Pennsylvania Philadelphia, often called Philly, is the largest city in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, the sixth-largest city in the U.S., the second-largest city in both the Northeast megalopolis and Mid-Atlantic regions after New York City. Sinc ...

. Teaching was a major focus throughout his life and his courses were frequently open to all without fee. Among his notable students are Konrad von Abel,

Françoys Bernier Françoys Joseph Arthur Maurice Bernier (12 July 19273 February 1993) was a Canadian pianist, conductor, radio producer, arts administrator, and music educator. He served as the music director of the Montreal Festivals from 1956 to 1960 and was a ...

, Rony Rogoff,

Bernhard Sieberer Bernhard Sieberer Bernhard Sieberer (born 12 January 1963 in St. Johann in Tirol) is an Austrian choirmaster and conductor. Education and teaching Bernhard Sieberer studied conducting with Edgar Seipenbusch at the Innsbruck Conservatory, and a ...

Markand Thakar Markand Thakar (born 1955, New York City) is an American conductor. He is music director of Baltimore Chamber Orchestra (BCO). Biography From the age of six, Markand Thakar attended the Juilliard School's Pre-College Division, where he was a pian ...

, and Nils-Göran Areskoug. He appeared in the film '' Ambassadors of Music'' (1952), conducting the Berlin Philharmonic in a performance of

Ludwig van Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

's Egmont overture.

Later years

His late career was over-shadowed by

sexist Sexism is prejudice or discrimination based on one's sex or gender. Sexism can affect anyone, but it primarily affects women and girls.There is a clear and broad consensus among academic scholars in multiple fields that sexism refers primaril ...

and

discriminatory Discrimination is the act of making unjustified distinctions between people based on the groups, classes, or other categories to which they belong or are perceived to belong. People may be discriminated on the basis of race, gender, age, rel ...

behaviour that came to light during a 12-year legal battle during his tenure at the

with trombonist

Abbie Conant Abbie Conant is an American trombonist and professor at the Staatliche Hochschule für Musik, Trossingen. She was selected in a blind audition as the overwhelming first choice for Principal Trombonist of the Munich Philharmonic Orchestra in 198 ...

. Celibidache claimed Conant lacked the "necessary strength" and "emotional empathy" to lead the trombone section. On his orders, she was forced to sit in the second chair and was paid less than her male colleagues on grounds of her gender. Celibidache was not invited to give testimony at the trials due to lack of substantiated criticism. The courts found in favour of Conant as Celibidache "could not justify his complaint with facts". An appeal on the decision failed, and Conant was paid the same as her male colleagues. Celibidache died at the age of 84 on 14 August 1996 at

La Neuville-sur-Essonne La Neuville-sur-Essonne (, literally ''La Neuville on Essonne'') is a commune in the Loiret department in north-central France. This commune is the death place of Romanian conductor Sergiu Celibidache Notable residents *Sergiu Celibidache See ...

, near

. He was buried in the Cimetière de Neuville sur Essonne.

Performance style

Celibidache's approach to music-making is often described more by what he did not do instead of what he did. For example, much has been made of Celibidache's "refusal" to make recordings even though almost all of his concert activity actually was recorded with many released posthumously by major labels such as

EMI EMI Group Limited (originally an initialism for Electric and Musical Industries, also referred to as EMI Records Ltd. or simply EMI) was a British transnational conglomerate founded in March 1931 in London. At the time of its break-up in 201 ...

and

Deutsche Grammophon Deutsche Grammophon (; DGG) is a German classical music record label that was the precursor of the corporation PolyGram. Headquartered in Berlin Friedrichshain, it is now part of Universal Music Group (UMG) since its merger with the UMG family of ...

with the consent of his family. Nevertheless, Celibidache paid little attention to making these recordings, which he viewed merely as by-products of his orchestral concerts. Celibidache's focus was instead on creating, during each concert, the optimal conditions for what he called a "transcendent experience". Aspects of

, such as ''

ichi-go ichi-e is a Japanese four-character idiom ('' yojijukugo'') that describes a cultural concept of treasuring the unrepeatable nature of a moment. The term has been translated as "for this time only", and "once in a lifetime". The term reminds people to ...

'', strongly influenced his thinking. He believed that transcendental experiences were extremely unlikely to ensue when listening to recorded music, so he eschewed them. As a result, some of his concerts did provide audiences with exceptional and sometimes life-altering experiences, including, for example, a 1984 concert in

Carnegie Hall Carnegie Hall ( ) is a concert venue in Midtown Manhattan in New York City. It is at 881 Seventh Avenue (Manhattan), Seventh Avenue, occupying the east side of Seventh Avenue between West 56th Street (Manhattan), 56th and 57th Street (Manhatta ...

by the Orchestra of the

that New York Times critic

John Rockwell John Sargent Rockwell (born September 16, 1940) is an American music critic, dance critic and arts administrator. According to '' Grove Music Online'', "Rockwell brings two signal attributes to his critical work: a genuine admiration for all ...

described as the best of his 25 years of concert-going. Celibidache was well known for his demands for extensive rehearsal time with orchestras. An oft-mentioned feature of many of his later concerts, captured in the live recordings of them, is a slower tempo than what is considered the norm, while in fast passages (especially in his earlier performances) his tempi often exceeded metronome markings by far. In Celibidache's own view, however, criticism of a recording's tempo is irrelevant, as it is not (and cannot be) a critique of the performance but rather of a transcription of it, without the ambience of the moment, for him, a key factor in any musical performance. As Celibidache explained, the acoustic space in which one hears a concert directly affects the likelihood of the emergence of his sought-after transcendent experience. The acoustic space within which one hears a recording of one of his performances, on the other hand, has no impact on the performance, as it is impossible for the acoustic features of that space to stimulate musicians to play slower or faster. That his recorded performances differ so widely from the majority of other recordings has led them to be seen by some as collectors' items rather than mainstream releases and 'one-offs' rather than reference recordings.

Personal life

In 1965, Celibidache married Ioana Procopie Dumitrescu. They had one son, Sergiu Ioan Celibidache ("Serge"), born 19 June 1968.

Discography

Notable releases have been his Munich performances of

Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven (baptised 17 December 177026 March 1827) was a German composer and pianist. Beethoven remains one of the most admired composers in the history of Western music; his works rank amongst the most performed of the classical ...

Johannes Brahms Johannes Brahms (; 7 May 1833 – 3 April 1897) was a German composer, pianist, and conductor of the mid- Romantic period. Born in Hamburg into a Lutheran family, he spent much of his professional life in Vienna. He is sometimes grouped wit ...

Anton Bruckner Josef Anton Bruckner (; 4 September 182411 October 1896) was an Austrian composer, organist, and music theorist best known for his symphonies, masses, Te Deum and motets. The first are considered emblematic of the final stage of Austro-Germ ...

Robert Schumann Robert Schumann (; 8 June 181029 July 1856) was a German composer, pianist, and influential music critic. He is widely regarded as one of the greatest composers of the Romantic era. Schumann left the study of law, intending to pursue a career a ...

Johann Sebastian Bach Johann Sebastian Bach (28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the '' Brandenburg Concertos''; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard w ...

Gabriel Fauré Gabriel Urbain Fauré (; 12 May 1845 – 4 November 1924) was a French composer, organist, pianist and teacher. He was one of the foremost French composers of his generation, and his musical style influenced many 20th-century composers ...

and a series of live performances with the

London Symphony Orchestra The London Symphony Orchestra (LSO) is a British symphony orchestra based in London. Founded in 1904, the LSO is the oldest of London's orchestras, symphony orchestras. The LSO was created by a group of players who left Henry Wood's Queen's ...

and the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra: * 1945: Debussy/Roussel: ''Petite Suites'', with Berlin Radio Symphony Orchestra (Naxos) * 1945: Prokofiev: Berlin Philharmonic Orchestra, Prokofiev Symphony in D major, Op. 25 “Classical” (HMV C 3729-30) 78 rpm * 1948: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca AK 2036-41 78 rpm) * 1949: Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183 (Decca AK 2197-9 78 rpm) * 1951: Mozart: Symphony No. 25 in G minor, K. 183 (Decca LXT 2558) * 1951: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca LXT 2545) * 1969: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 in E minor, Op. 64 LPO (Decca Eclipse ECM 833) * 1985: Beethoven: Concerto for Violin and Orchestra (Electrecord) * 1988: Mendelssohn: Sinfonia N. 4 "Italian"; Dvořák: ''Sinfonia N. 9 Dal Nuovo Mondo'' (Frequenz) * 1990: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5; Nutcracker Suite (London) * 1991: Mozart: Requiem; Vivaldi: Stabat Mater (Arkadia) * 1991: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 "Pathetique"; Roméo et Juliette (Arkadia) * 1994: Brahms: Symphony No. 2 & Haydn Variations, Op. 56a (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * 1994: Brahms: Symphony Nos. 3 & 4 (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * 1994: Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 (Andromeda) * 1994: Mozart: Grand Mass, K. 427 (Cetra) * 1995: Beethoven: Symphony Nos. 2 & 4 (Nas) * 1997: Bartók: Concerto for Orchestra (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Beethoven: Symphony Nos. 4 & 5 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Debussy: ''La Mer''; Iberia (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Haydn: Symphony Nos 103 & 104 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Mozart: Symphony No. 40; Haydn: "Oxford Symphony" (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Ravel: ''Ma Mère l'Oye''; ''Bolero'', ''Le tombeau de Couperin''; ''Alborada del Gracioso'' (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * 1997: ''S. Celibidache Conducts Beethoven & Brahms'' (Tahra) * 1997: Schubert: Symphony No. 9 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Schumann: Symphonies 3 & 4 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Tchaikovsky: ''Romeo and Juliet Fantasy''–Overture; Mussorgsky: ''Pictures at an Exhibition'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 5 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1997: ''The Young Celibidache'', Vol. II (Tahra) * 1997: Wagner: ''Orchestral Music'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 1998: Bruckner 3 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1998: Bruckner 4 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1998: Bruckner 6 (EMI Classics) * 1998: Bruckner 7; Te Deum (EMI Music Distribution) * 1998: Bruckner 8 (EMI Classics) * 1998: Bruckner 9 in Concert and Rehearsal (EMI Classics) * 1998: Bruckner: Mass in F minor (EMI Music Distribution) * 1998: Bruckner: Symphonies No. 3-9; Mass in F minor, Te Deum (EMI Classics) * 1998: Shostakovich: Symphonie No. 7 (Magic Talent) * 1999: Beethoven: Symphonies No. 2 & 4 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Beethoven: Symphony No. 6; ''Leonore'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Brahms: ''Ein deutsches Requiem'' (Audiophile Classics) * 1999: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2, 3, 4 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Brahms: Symphony No. 1; ''Ein deutsches Requiem'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Celibidache Conducts Beethoven 7 & 8 (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: Mussorgsky: ''Pictures at an Exhibition''; Stravinsky: ''The Fairy's Kiss Suite'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * 1999: Prokofiev: Scythian Suite; Symphony No. 5 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 1999: Rimsky-Korsakov: ''Sheherazade''; Stravinsky: ''The Firebird Suite'' (Version 1923) (Deutsche Grammophon) * 1999: Schumann: Symphony No. 2; Brahms: ''Haydn Variations'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 1999: ''Sergiu Celebidache (Box)'' (No Noise) * 1999: Strauss: ''Don Juan''; ''Tod und Verklärung''; Respighi: ''Pini di Roma'' (Rehearsals) (Deutsche Grammophon) * 1999: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 2 Op. 17 "Piccola Russia"; Dvořák: Concerto Op. 104 (Urania) * 1999: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 2; Brahms: Symphony No. 4 (Arkadia) * 2000: Brahms: Symphony No. 2; Mozart: Symphony No. 25 (Urania) * 2000: Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 3–5 (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 4 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5 (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5; Mozart: Symphony No. 35 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Franck: Symphony in D; Hindemith: ''Mathis der Mahler'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Richard Strauss: ''Till Eulenspiegel''; ''Don Juan''; Shostakovich: Symphony No. 9 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2000: Schubert: Symphony No. 8 "Unfinished"; Tchaikovsky: ''Nutcracker Suite'' (Aura Classics) * 2000: Sibelius: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 5 (Deutsche Grammophon) * 2001: ''Sergiu Celibidache'' (Classica d'Oro) * 2001: ''Sergiu Celibidache et la Philharmonie de Berlin'' (Tahra) * 2001: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Classica d'Oro) * 2002: Prokofiev: Symphonies Nos. 1 & 5; Violin Concerto No. 1 (Classica d'Oro) * 2003: Mendelssohn: Symphony No. 4 "Italian"; Bizet: Symphony in C (Archipel) * 2004: Bach: Mass in B minor (EMI Classics) * 2004: Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 3–5, 7–9

ox Set An ox ( : oxen, ), also known as a bullock (in BrE, AusE, and IndE), is a male bovine trained and used as a draft animal. Oxen are commonly castrated adult male cattle; castration inhibits testosterone and aggression, which makes the m ...

(Deutsche Grammophon) * 2004: ''Celibidache Conducts Milhaud & Roussel'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 2004: ''Celibidache Plays Mozart's Requiem'' (EMI Classics) * 2004: Fauré: Requiem; Stravinsky: ''Symphony of Psalms'' ive(EMI Music Distribution) * 2004: Overtures by Berlioz, Mendelssohn, Schubert, Smetana & Strauss (EMI Music Distribution) * 2004: Prokofiev: Symphonies 1 & 5 (EMI Music Distribution) * 2004: Rimsky-Korsakov: ''Scheherazade'' (EMI Music Distribution) * 2004: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 'Leningrad' (Pickwick) * 2006: Celibidache: ''Der Taschengarten'' (Universal Classics & Jazz) * 2006: Celibidache: The Complete EMI Edition imited Edition

(EMI Classics) * 2006: Sergiu Celibidache: ''Lesen & Hören''

D+Book D, or d, is the fourth letter in the Latin alphabet, used in the modern English alphabet, the alphabets of other western European languages and others worldwide. Its name in English is ''dee'' (pronounced ), plural ''dees''. History The ...

* 2007: Beethoven: Symphony No. 3 "Eroica"; Overture Leonre III (Archipel) * 2007: Bruckner: Symphony No. 5 * 2007: Schumann: Symphony No. 4; Mussorgsky: ''Pictures at an Exhibition'' * 2008: ''Sergiu Celibedache Conducts Kölner Rundfunk-Sinfonie-Orchester'' (Orfeo) * n.d.: Anton Bruckner: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8; Brahms: ''Haydn Variations'', Op. 56 (Exclusive) * n.d.: Anton Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 in E major (As Disc) * n.d.: Antonín Dvořák: Symphony N. 7; Johann Strauss Jr.: ''Die Fledermaus'' Overture (Artists) * n.d.: Bach: Mass in B minor (Exclusive) * n.d.: Beethoven: Concerto No. 5 for Piano and Orchestra "Emperor" (Electrecord) * n.d.: Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 4 (Artists) * n.d.: Beethoven: Symphony No. 7; Bach: ''Brandenburg Coincerto'' No. 3; Ravel: ''Le Tombeau de Couperin'' (Archipel) * n.d.: Berlioz: ''Symphonie fantastique'', Op. 14; ''Roméo et Juliette'' (Arkadia) * n.d.: Brahms: ''Ein deutsches Requiem'' (Myto Records) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 1–4

(Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2 & 3 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphonies Nos. 2–4; Variations on a theme from Haydn (Acum) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 1 (Acum) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 1 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphony No. 4 (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Brahms: Symphony Nos. 2 & 3 (Legend) * n.d.: Brahms: ''The Complete Symphonies''; ''Haydn Variations''; ''Alto Rhapsody'' (Living Stage) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 4 & 9 (Exclusive) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 7 & 8 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphonies 7–9

(Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony 7 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony 9 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No. 3 (Exclusive) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No. 7 (Arkadia) * n.d.: Bruckner: Symphony No8, WAB108; Schubert: Symphony in Bf No5, D485 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: ''Celibidache''

(Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Debussy & Ravel'' (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Debussy'' (FED) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Debussy / Respighi / Milhaud'' (Originals) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Mussorgsky, Stravinsky, Rimsky-Korsakov, Prokofiev'' (Box Set) (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Ravel & Stravinsky'' (Originals) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Stravinsky'' (Arlecchino) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Conducts Tchaikovsky'' (Grammofono 2000) * n.d.: ''Celibidache Festival'' (Originals) * n.d.: ''Celibidache, Vol. 1: Symphonies'' (EMI Classics) * n.d.: ''Celibidache, Vol. 3: French & Russian Music'' (EMI Classics) * n.d.: ''Celibidache, Vol. 4: Sacred Music & Opera'' (EMI Classics) * n.d.: Debussy: ''Ibéria''; Ravel: ''Rapsodie espagnole''; ''Alborada del gracioso'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Debussy: ''La Mer'' (Rehearsal) (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Debussy: ''La Mer''; ''

La Damoiselle élue ''La Damoiselle élue'' (''The Blessed Damozel''), List of compositions by Claude Debussy by Lesure number, L. 62, is a cantata for soprano soloist, 2-part children's choir, 2-part female (contralto) choir (with contralto solo), and orchestra, com ...

''; Milhaud: ''Saudades do Brazil'' (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: Debussy: ''Nocturnes''; ''La Mer'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Dvořák: Concerto in B minor / ''Eight Slavonic Dances'' (Arkadia) * n.d.: Dvořák: Violin Concerto; Symphony 9 (Concerto) * n.d.: Franck: ''Symphonie en Ré mineur''; Wagner: ''Siegfried-Idyll''; ''Tristan und Isolde'' prelude (Arkadia) * n.d.: ''Great Conductors of the 20th Century'', Vol. 39: Sergiu Celibidache (EMI Music Distribution) * n.d.: Haydn: Symphony No. 103; Mozart: Symphony No. 38 (Originals) * n.d.: Haydn: Symphony No. 104 "London"; Debussy: ''Jeux''; Igor Stravinsky: ''Jeux de Cartes'' (Urania) * n.d.: ''Legendary Performers'' Vol. 2 (As Disc) * n.d.: Mozart: ''Great Mass in C minor'', K. 427; Concerto for Two Pianos and Orchestra, K. 365; ''Haffner Serenade'', K. 250 (Acum) * n.d.: Mozart: ''Great Mass in C minor'', K. 427; ''Haffner Serenade'', K. 250 (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: Mozart: Requiem (Artists) * n.d.: Mozart: Requiem (Il Sabato) * n.d.: Mozart: Symphonies Nos. 40 & 41; Schubert: Symphony No. 5; Schumann: Symphony No. 2 (Living Stage) * n.d.: Mozart: Symphony No. 41; Schubert: Symphony No. 5 (Memories) * n.d.: Mussorgsky: ''Pictures at an Exhibition''; Cherubini: Symphony in D major; Bäck: ''Intrada for Orchestra'' (Originals) * n.d.: Mussorgsky: ''Pictures at an Exhibition''; Strauss: ''Don Juan'' (Artist) * n.d.: Prokofiev: Romeo E Giulietta/Berlioz: Romeo E Giulietta/Tchaikovsky: Romeo E Giulietta (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: Prokofiev: ''Romeo et Juliet'' (Extracts) (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Prokofiev: Symphony No. 5; Prokofiev, Berlioz, Tchaikovsky: ''Romeo et Juliet'' (Acum) * n.d.: Ravel: ''La Valse''; ''Daphnis et Chloé''; Suite No. 2; ''Le Tombeau de Couperin'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Richard Strauss: ''Tod und Verklärung''; ''Vier letzte Lieder''; Igor Stravinsky: ''L'oiseau de feu''; Ravel: ''Daphnis et Chloé'' (Acum) * n.d.: Rimsky-Korsakov: ''Schéhérazade'' (Originals) * n.d.: ''RTSI Orchestra Conducted by Sergiu Celibidache: Schubert, Tchaikovsky'' * n.d.: Schubert/Schumann: Symphonies (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 8; Schumann: Symphonies No. 1 "Primavera" & 2 (Acum) * n.d.: Schubert: Symphonies Nos. 8 & 9; Franck: Symphony in D minor; Mussorgsky-Ravel: ''Pictures at an Exhibition'' (Urania) * n.d.: Schumann: Piano Concerto in A minor, Op. 54; Richard Strauss: ''Vier letzte Lieder'' (Artists Live Recording) * n.d.: Schumann: Symphony Nos. 1 & 2 (Cetra) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache alla RAI'', Vol. 1: Johannes Brahms – Sinfonie 1–4, Variazione su un tema di Haydn (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Alla Rai'', Vol. 5 (Fonit-Cetra Italia) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts'' (Artists) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts'' (EMI Classics) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts'' (Enterprise) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts'' (Urania) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Beethoven'': Symphonies Nos. 2 & 4 (FED) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache conducts Blacher, Mendelssohn, Brahms, Cherubini, Schwarz-Schilling'' (Tahra) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Brahms'': ''Ein Deutsches Requiem'', Op. 45 (IDIS) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache conducts Franck, Tchaikovsky'' (IDIS) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts Mendelssohn, Haydn, Beethoven'' (IDIS) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache conducts Schubert & Schumann'' (IDIS) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache Conducts the Berliner Philharmoniker'' (Myto Records) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache'', Vol. 1 (Arlecchino) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache: From the collection of Deutsches Rundfunkarchiv'' (Music & Arts) * n.d.: ''Sergiu Celibidache: Magier des Klangs'' (Documents) * n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphonies 1 & 9; Barber: ''Adagio for Strings'' (EMI Classics) * n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphony No 5, Op. 47; Symphony No. 9, Op. 70 (Arkadia) * n.d.: Shostakovich: Symphony No. 7 "Leningrad" (Grammofono 2000) * n.d.: Strauss: ''Don Juan''; ''Tod und Verklärung''; Respighi: ''Pini di Roma'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Strauss: ''Ein Heldenleben'' (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: Stravinsky: ''L'Oiseau de feu''; Ravel: ''Daphnis et Chloé''; ''La Valse''; ''Pavane pour une infante défunte'' (Cetra) * n.d.: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 4; Nutcracker Suite (Angel Records / EMI Classics) * n.d.: Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6; Monteverdi: Vespers of 1610 – Ave Maris Stella (Archipel) * n.d.: ''The Art of Sergiu Celibidache'', Volume 1–7 (Arlecchino) * n.d.: ''The Complete RIAS Recordings'' (Audite) * n.d.: ''The Stuttgart Recordings'', Vol. 3 (Deutsche Grammophon) * n.d.: ''The Unpublished Celibidache in Naples'' (Originals) * n.d.: Verdi: Requiem (EMI Classics) * n.d.: Wagner: ''Tristan und Isolde'', WWV90; ''Siegfried Idyll'', WWV103 (Arkadia)

Honors, awards, and decorations

* 1954:

Grand Cross of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany The Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany (german: Verdienstorden der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, or , BVO) is the only federal decoration of Germany. It is awarded for special achievements in political, economic, cultural, intellect ...

* 1955:

Berliner Kunstpreis The ''Berliner Kunstpreis'' (Berlin Art Prize), officially Großer Berliner Kunstpreis, is a prize for the arts by the City of Berlin. It was first awarded in 1948 in several fields of art. Since 1971, it has been awarded by the Academy of Arts ( ...

(Germany) * 1970: Chevalier of the

Order of Vasa The Royal Order of Vasa () is a Swedish order of chivalry, awarded to citizens of Sweden for service to state and society especially in the fields of agriculture, mining and commerce. It was instituted on 29 May 1772 by King Gustav III. It was u ...

(Sweden) * 1970:

Léonie Sonning Music Prize The Léonie Sonning Music Prize, or Sonning Award, which is recognized as Denmark's highest musical honor, is given annually to an international composer or musician. It was first awarded in 1959 to composer Igor Stravinsky. Laureates are now s ...

(Denmark) * 1984: Franco Abbiati Prize (Italy) * 1987:

Nettuno d'oro The Golden Neptune (Italian: "Nettuno d'oro") is a prize conferred by the Bologna, City of Bologna, since 1974, to citizens, companies, associations and cultural institutions that have brought honour to the city, through their professional or publi ...

(Italy) * 1991:

Bavarian Order of Merit The Bavarian Order of Merit (german: Bayerischer Verdienstorden) is the Order of Merit of the Free State of Bavaria. It is awarded by the Minister-President of Bavaria as a "recognition of outstanding contributions to the Free State of Bavaria ...

(Germany) * 1992:

Honorary Citizen Honorary citizenship is a status bestowed by a city or other government on a foreign or native individual whom it considers to be especially admirable or otherwise worthy of the distinction. The honour usually is symbolic and does not confer an ...

of the City of Munich (''Ehrenbürgerrecht von München'')Landeshauptstadt München Direktorium. ''Ehrenbürgerrecht der Landeshauptstadt München'' (Honorary Citizens of the Provincial Capital of Munich
located online here
(Retrieved 1 September 2012). * 1992: Honorary Member of the

Romanian Academy The Romanian Academy ( ro, Academia Română ) is a cultural forum founded in Bucharest, Romania, in 1866. It covers the scientific, artistic and literary domains. The academy has 181 active members who are elected for life. According to its byl ...

* 1993: Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (Germany) * 1994: ''Doctor honoris causa'', Iași Academy of Art and

University of Iași The Alexandru Ioan Cuza University (Romanian: ''Universitatea „Alexandru Ioan Cuza"''; acronym: UAIC) is a public university located in Iași, Romania. Founded by an 1860 decree of Prince Alexandru Ioan Cuza, under whom the former Academia Mih ...

* 1994: Honorary Citizen (Cetățean de Onoare) of Iași (Romania) * 1994:

Order of Merit of Rhineland-Palatinate The Order of Merit of Rhineland-Palatinate (german: Verdienstorden des Landes Rheinland-Pfalz) is a civil order of merit, of the German State of Rhineland-Palatinate. The order is presented for outstanding service to the state and people of Rhinela ...

(Germany) * 1995: Commandeur des Arts et des Lettres (France)

Notes

References

External links

* * *
A collection of anecdotes revealing Sergiu Celibidache's personality

* ttp://www.fundatia-celibidache.com/ Sergiu Celibidache Foundationwebsite {{DEFAULTSORT:Celibidache, Sergiu 1912 births 1996 deaths Romanian people of Greek descent 20th-century conductors (music) Knights of the Order of Vasa Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany People from Roman, Romania Recipients of the Léonie Sonning Music Prize Commandeurs of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres Romanian emigrants to France Romanian conductors (music) Male conductors (music) Romanian musicians 20th-century male musicians