''Sequenza'' (
Italian
Italian(s) may refer to:
* Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries
** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom
** Italian language, a Romance language
*** Regional Ita ...
for "sequence") is the name borne by fourteen compositions for solo instruments or voice by
Luciano Berio
Luciano Berio (24 October 1925 – 27 May 2003) was an Italian composer noted for his experimental work (in particular his 1968 composition ''Sinfonia'' and his series of virtuosic solo pieces titled ''Sequenza''), and for his pioneering work ...
.
The pieces, some of which call for
extended techniques
In music, extended technique is unconventional, unorthodox, or non-traditional methods of singing or of playing musical instruments employed to obtain unusual sounds or timbres.Burtner, Matthew (2005).Making Noise: Extended Techniques after Expe ...
, are:
*''
Sequenza I
''Sequenza I'' is a composition written in 1958 by Luciano Berio for the flutist Severino Gazzelloni
Severino Gazzelloni, born Severino Gazzellone (5 January 1919 – 21 November 1992) was an Italian flutist.
Biography
He was born in Roccas ...
'' (1958; rev. 1992) for
flute
The flute is a family of classical music instrument in the woodwind group. Like all woodwinds, flutes are aerophones, meaning they make sound by vibrating a column of air. However, unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is a reedless ...
*''
Sequenza II
''Sequenza'' (Italian for "sequence") is the name borne by fourteen compositions for solo instruments or voice by Luciano Berio. The pieces, some of which call for extended techniques, are:
*''Sequenza I'' (1958; rev. 1992) for flute
*'' Sequenz ...
'' (1963) for
harp
The harp is a stringed musical instrument that has a number of individual strings running at an angle to its soundboard; the strings are plucked with the fingers. Harps can be made and played in various ways, standing or sitting, and in orche ...
*''Sequenza III'' (1965) for female voice
*''
Sequenza IV
''Sequenza IV'' for solo piano (composed in 1965–66, revised in 1993) is the fourth in a series of solo '' Sequenze'' by Luciano Berio that started with the publication of '' Sequenza I'' for solo flute (1958; rev. 1992).
Analysis
The opening ch ...
'' (1965) for
piano
The piano is a stringed keyboard instrument in which the strings are struck by wooden hammers that are coated with a softer material (modern hammers are covered with dense wool felt; some early pianos used leather). It is played using a keyboa ...
*''
Sequenza V'' (1966) for
trombone
The trombone (german: Posaune, Italian, French: ''trombone'') is a musical instrument in the Brass instrument, brass family. As with all brass instruments, sound is produced when the player's vibrating lips cause the Standing wave, air column ...
*''
Sequenza VI'' (1967) for
viola
The viola ( , also , ) is a string instrument that is bow (music), bowed, plucked, or played with varying techniques. Slightly larger than a violin, it has a lower and deeper sound. Since the 18th century, it has been the middle or alto voice of ...
*''
Sequenza VII
''Sequenza VII'' (composed 1969) is a composition for solo oboe by Luciano Berio, the seventh of his fourteen '' Sequenze''. The sequenza calls for extended technique. In 1975, Berio used ''Sequenza VII'' as part of ''Chemins IV'', which included ...
'' (1969/2000) for
oboe
The oboe ( ) is a type of double reed woodwind instrument. Oboes are usually made of wood, but may also be made of synthetic materials, such as plastic, resin, or hybrid composites. The most common oboe plays in the treble or soprano range.
A ...
(reworked as ''Sequenza VIIb'' for
soprano saxophone
The soprano saxophone is a higher-register variety of the saxophone, a woodwind instrument invented in the 1840s. The soprano is the third-smallest member of the saxophone family, which consists (from smallest to largest) of the soprillo, sop ...
in 2000)
*''Sequenza VIII'' (1976) for
violin
The violin, sometimes known as a ''fiddle'', is a wooden chordophone (string instrument) in the violin family. Most violins have a hollow wooden body. It is the smallest and thus highest-pitched instrument (soprano) in the family in regular ...
*''Sequenza IX'' (1980) for
clarinet
The clarinet is a musical instrument in the woodwind family. The instrument has a nearly cylindrical bore and a flared bell, and uses a single reed to produce sound.
Clarinets comprise a family of instruments of differing sizes and pitches ...
(reworked 1981 as ''Sequenza IXb'' for
alto saxophone
The alto saxophone is a member of the saxophone family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones were invented by Belgian instrument designer Adolphe Sax in the 1840s and patented in 1846. The alto saxophone is pitched in E, smaller than the B tenor ...
, and 1980 as ''Sequenza IXc'' for
bass clarinet
The bass clarinet is a musical instrument of the clarinet family. Like the more common soprano B clarinet, it is usually pitched in B (meaning it is a transposing instrument on which a written C sounds as B), but it plays notes an octave bel ...
)
*''
Sequenza X
''Sequenza X'' is a composition for trumpet and piano by Luciano Berio, the tenth in his series of sequenza, pieces with this title. The work was commissioned by the Los Angeles Philharmonic for Thomas Stevens (trumpeter), Thomas Stevens, and pre ...
'' (1984) for
trumpet
The trumpet is a brass instrument commonly used in classical and jazz ensembles. The trumpet group ranges from the piccolo trumpet—with the highest register in the brass family—to the bass trumpet, pitched one octave below the standard ...
and piano resonance
*''
Sequenza XI
''Sequenza XI'' for solo guitar (1987–1988) is one of a series of Sequenzas by Luciano Berio. Written for the American guitarist Eliot Fisk, it is an innovative investigation into the dramatic and virtuosic possibilities of musical performance.
...
'' (1987) for
guitar
The guitar is a fretted musical instrument that typically has six strings. It is usually held flat against the player's body and played by strumming or plucking the strings with the dominant hand, while simultaneously pressing selected stri ...
*''
Sequenza XII
''Sequenza XII'' is a composition for solo bassoon, written by Luciano Berio in 1995 , and part of a series of fourteen '' Sequenze'' composed between 1958 and 2002. The work was written for, and dedicated to, the French bassoonist Pascal Gallois, ...
'' (1995) for
bassoon
The bassoon is a woodwind instrument in the double reed family, which plays in the tenor and bass ranges. It is composed of six pieces, and is usually made of wood. It is known for its distinctive tone color, wide range, versatility, and virtuo ...
*''Sequenza XIII'' (1995) for
accordion
Accordions (from 19th-century German ''Akkordeon'', from ''Akkord''—"musical chord, concord of sounds") are a family of box-shaped musical instruments of the bellows-driven free-reed aerophone type (producing sound as air flows past a reed ...
*''Sequenza XIV'' (2002) for
cello
The cello ( ; plural ''celli'' or ''cellos'') or violoncello ( ; ) is a Bow (music), bowed (sometimes pizzicato, plucked and occasionally col legno, hit) string instrument of the violin family. Its four strings are usually intonation (music), t ...
(reworked in 2004 by
Stefano Scodanibbio as ''Sequenza XIVb'' for
double bass
The double bass (), also known simply as the bass () (or #Terminology, by other names), is the largest and lowest-pitched Bow (music), bowed (or plucked) string instrument in the modern orchestra, symphony orchestra (excluding unorthodox addit ...
)
Several of these pieces became the basis of larger works:
* ''Sequenza II'', with the addition of extra instrumental parts around the original solo, became ''Chemins I''.
* ''Sequenza VI'' developed into ''Chemins II'', ''Chemins IIb'', ''Chemins IIc'' and ''Chemins III.''
* ''Sequenza VII'' became ''Chemins IV.''
* ''Sequenza XI'' became ''Chemins V.''
* ''Sequenza X'' became ''
Kol-Od
''Kol-Od'' (also titled ''Chemins VI'') is a composition for solo trumpet and chamber ensemble by Luciano Berio. The ensemble consists of 3 flutes, oboe, 4 clarinets, 2 saxophones, bassoon, 2 horns, 2 trumpets, trombone, tuba, celeste, accordion a ...
'', also known as ''Chemins VI.''
* ''Sequenza IXb'' became ''Récit'', also known as ''Chemins VII.''
* ''Sequenza VIII'' became ''Corale''.
Conversely, ''Sequenza IX'' grew out of a piece for clarinet and electronics (later withdrawn), originally known as ''Chemins V''; NB it is not the same as the work with the same title which originates from ''Sequenza XI''.
References
Compositions by Luciano Berio
Cycles (music)
Compositions that use extended techniques
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