Kakao M (; formerly Seoul Records, YBM Seoul Records and LOEN Entertainment) was a South Korean entertainment company established by Min Yeong-bin in 1978. It is currently one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea. The company operates as a record label, talent agency, music production company, event management, concert production company, and music publishing house.
, the company was the leading record company in South Korea by net revenue according to the statistics compiled by the
Korea Music Content Industry Association
The Circle Chart (), previously known as the Gaon Music Chart or the Gaon Chart (), tabulates the relative weekly popularity of songs and albums in South Korea. It is produced by the Korea Music Content Association and sponsored by South Korea's ...
(KMCIA) through the
Gaon Music Chart (30.4%); it is also the second leading company in terms of album sales (25.4%). LOEN Entertainment became a subsidiary of
Kakao
Kakao ( ko, 카카오) is a South Korean internet company that was established in 2010. It formed as a result of a merger between Daum Communications and the original Kakao Inc. In 2014, the company was renamed Daum Kakao. The company rebrande ...
in January 2016 and was subsequently renamed two years later.
Online music sales account for most of the company's profit, with 93.9% of revenue coming from online music sales. The label also distributes CDs of some other entertainment agencies in South Korea through its branch
1theK
Kakao M (; formerly Seoul Records, YBM Seoul Records and LOEN Entertainment) was a South Korean entertainment company established by Min Yeong-bin in 1978. It is currently one of the largest co-publisher companies in South Korea. The company op ...
, but makes less than 5% of its revenue through them.
On March 2, 2021, the company became defunct upon completion of its
merger with
KakaoPage
KakaoPage () is a monetized content platform optimized for mobile devices, launched by the Kakao Corp. in 2013 and currently owned by its subsidiary Kakao Entertainment. The service launched on April 9, 2013 as a digital content marketplace allow ...
. The merger resulted in the formation of a new company,
Kakao Entertainment
Kakao Entertainment Corp. (), stylized as kakao ENTERTAINMENT, is a South Korean entertainment, mass media, and publishing company founded in 2021. A subsidiary of the internet company Kakao, it was established subsequent to the merger of the la ...
.
History
1978–2008: Founding of Seoul Records
Kakao M was founded as Seoul Records in 1978 by Min Yeong-bin as a subsidiary of YBM Sisa, a company mainly involved in creating language-learning tapes. The company was officially registered in 1982, and in 1984 it began to produce and distribute records of classical and traditional music. It was registered as a
venture capital
Venture capital (often abbreviated as VC) is a form of private equity financing that is provided by venture capital firms or funds to start-up company, startups, early-stage, and emerging companies that have been deemed to have high growth poten ...
company in 1999 when it began to sell albums while operating an online shop. In 2000, the company's name was changed to YBM Seoul Records and it began to operate on
KOSDAQ
KOSDAQ (acronym of Korean Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, Korean: 코스닥) is a trading board of Korea Exchange (KRX) in South Korea established in 1996. Initially set up by Korea Financial Investment Association as an independent st ...
. The company joined the
IFPI
The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI) is the organisation that represents the interests of the recording industry worldwide. It is a non-profit members' organisation registered in Switzerland and founded in Italy in 1 ...
in 2003. Korean conglomerate
SK Telecom
SK Telecom Co., Ltd. ( or ) is a South Korean wireless telecommunications operator and former film distributor and is part of the SK Group, one of the country's largest chaebols. It leads the local market with 50.5 percent share as of 2008. ...
bought a 60% share of the company in 2005, and YBM Seoul Records subsequently became part of SK Group.
2008–2016: Name change to LOEN Entertainment
As of 2008, the company has been known as LOEN Entertainment. LOEN stands for: Live On Entertainment Networks and
LOve + ENtertainment
LOEN took charge of SK Telecom's online music distribution service,
MelOn
A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a " pepo". Th ...
, in 2009. MelOn is currently the most used online music sales site in South Korea.
In 2012, the company signed a deal with streaming site
Viki so that content from their artists (such as
IU,
Brown Eyed Girls and
Drunken Tiger
Drunken Tiger () was a Korean hip hop group that debuted in 1999 and has since released several albums and won numerous awards. They are known as pioneers of Korean hip-hop who helped bring the genre into the mainstream.
The group's original lin ...
) would be featured on their site.
In August 2012, the recording artists under LOEN collaborated to release a collaborative EP titled ''LOEN Tree Summer Story'' under the collective title 'LOEN Tree'.
On July 18, 2013,
Affinity Equity Partners
Affinity Equity Partners is one of the largest dedicated Asian private equity firms and focuses on leveraged buyout and growth capital transactions.
Affinity operates as a Pan-Asian firm focusing on investment opportunities in Korea, Southeast A ...
, through its subsidiary Star Invest Holdings Ltd., bought 52.56% of LOEN Entertainment's shares, leaving SK Group with only 15%.
Five months later, Star Invest Holdings acquired
RealNetworks, Inc.'s 8.83% stake in the company.
The company was reorganized to include two labels: "LOEN Tree" (Jo Yeong-cheol) and "Collabodadi" (
Shinsadong Tiger
Lee Ho-yang (born June 3, 1983), known professionally as Shinsadong Tiger, is a South Korean music producer and songwriter. Even after debuting in 2001 at the age of 18, he has worked many odd jobs to fund his music career. He has become a promi ...
).
On December 18, 2013, LOEN Entertainment acquired 70% of shares in
Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment () is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013.
They had been recognized for their contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several ...
, making it as an independent subsidiary of the company.
2016–2021: Acquisition by Kakao and name change
On January 11, 2016, LOEN Entertainment was acquired by
Kakao
Kakao ( ko, 카카오) is a South Korean internet company that was established in 2010. It formed as a result of a merger between Daum Communications and the original Kakao Inc. In 2014, the company was renamed Daum Kakao. The company rebrande ...
Corporation.
On May 11, 2017, LOEN Entertainment announced its strategic
drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or television.Elam (1980, 98). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has b ...
production alliance with
CJ E&M
CJ E&M (Hangul: 씨제이이앤엠, an initialism for CJ Entertainment & Media) is a South Korean entertainment and mass media company created by CJ Group in 2011. As of July 2018, CJ E&M is a division of CJ ENM.
History
CJ E&M was established a ...
's drama production subsidiary
Studio Dragon Corporation. Among the plans under the alliance is producing dramas based on
web novels and
webtoon
Webtoons (), are a type of digital comic that originated in South Korea usually meant to be read on smartphones.
While webtoons were mostly unknown outside of Korea during their inception, there has been a surge in popularity internationally ...
s on
KakaoPage
KakaoPage () is a monetized content platform optimized for mobile devices, launched by the Kakao Corp. in 2013 and currently owned by its subsidiary Kakao Entertainment. The service launched on April 9, 2013 as a digital content marketplace allow ...
and
Daum Webtoons (which copyrights are managed by ''Podotree'', the web literature subsidiary of Kakao). (LOEN Entertainment first entered the drama production industry three years ago through the cable-web drama ''Another Parting'', which starred
Seo In-guk
Seo In-guk (; born October 23, 1987) is a South Korean singer-songwriter and actor. He launched his singing career after winning the talent reality show ''Superstar K'' in 2009, and made his acting breakthrough in ''Reply 1997'' (2012). Since ...
and
Wang Ji-won
Wang Ji-won (born November 12, 1988) is a South Korean actress and ballet dancer.
Career
Wang trained with the Royal Ballet School in England and studied Dance at the Korea National University of Arts, she was a member of the Korea National Ba ...
.) On August 25, LOEN Entertainment announced that its joint venture with Studio Dragon will be called as Mega Monster.
The company has also signed actress
Kim So-hyun
Kim So-hyun (; born June 4, 1999) is a South Korean actress who began her career as a child in 2006, initially gaining public attention for playing pivotal roles in ''Moon Embracing the Sun'' (2012) and '' Missing You'' (2013).
She took on he ...
through setting up her own independent label, E&T Story Entertainment, which is led by her long-time manager Park Chan-woo.
Upon approval by the company's board of directors in a December 20 meeting, the company is known as Kakao M Corporation () since March 23, 2018. The letter M in the new corporate name stands for three things: Melon (the company's flagship online music service), Music (the company's core business) and Media (another business that the company will advance to in the future). The company will now also have a corporate
catchphrase
A catchphrase (alternatively spelled catch phrase) is a phrase or expression recognized by its repeated utterance. Such phrases often originate in popular culture and in the arts, and typically spread through word of mouth and a variety of mass ...
, ''We Entertain''.
Barely a month before the company's relaunch under its new name, Sean Seong-hoon Park resigned from both his positions as CEO of the company and chief strategy officer of
its parent company, and later moved to
Netmarble Games
Netmarble Corp. ( Korean: 넷마블 주식회사) is a South Korean mobile game developer. It is South Korea's largest mobile-gaming company which was founded in 2000 by Bang Jun-hyuk.
Overview
Netmarble developed ''Lineage 2 Revolution'' in 2 ...
. He was replaced by Melon division head Lee Jae-wook.
On February 28, 2021, Kakao M's music was removed from
Spotify
Spotify (; ) is a proprietary Swedish audio streaming and media services provider founded on 23 April 2006 by Daniel Ek and Martin Lorentzon. It is one of the largest music streaming service providers, with over 456 million monthly active us ...
after its licensing deal with the streaming service expired. They had addressed the removal in a statement, citing the streaming service as the party who had ensued it. On March 11, 2021, Kakao M renewed its licensing deal with Spotify.
In March 2021, Kakao M and KakaoPage merged into a company named
Kakao Entertainment
Kakao Entertainment Corp. (), stylized as kakao ENTERTAINMENT, is a South Korean entertainment, mass media, and publishing company founded in 2021. A subsidiary of the internet company Kakao, it was established subsequent to the merger of the la ...
, while having its own representative system under the name "M Company" there.
Corporate identity
Company name
The company name is Kakao M, the letter ''M'' stands for:
* ''Melon'' (the company's flagship online music service)
* ''Music'' (the company's core business)
* ''Media'' (another business that the company will advance to in the future)
Logos
File:YBMSeoulRecords.jpg, The company's logos as YBM Seoul Records (2000–2008)
File:LOEN Entertainment.png, The company's logos as LOEN Entertainment (2008–2018)
File:Logo of Kakao M.svg, The company's logos as Kakao M (2018–2021)
Catalog numbers
, Kakao M currently uses two types of
catalog number codes for its releases: the L10000**** series (now at the -5000 suffix) and the L20000**** series (now at the -1000 suffix).
Controversies
Price fixing
2011
LOEN Entertainment, along with then-parent
SK Telecom
SK Telecom Co., Ltd. ( or ) is a South Korean wireless telecommunications operator and former film distributor and is part of the SK Group, one of the country's largest chaebols. It leads the local market with 50.5 percent share as of 2008. ...
, was one of the 15 companies fined and sued by the
Korean FTC for
price rigging in 2011. The company was fined $9.6 million for its role in the scheme.
2016
On October 9, 2016, the
Supreme Court of Korea
The Supreme Court of Korea () is the highest ordinary court in the judicial branch of South Korea, seated in Seocho, Seoul. Established under Chapter 5 of the Constitution of South Korea, the Court has ultimate and comprehensive jurisdicti ...
handed out a 100 million won fine each to LOEN Entertainment and its closest competitor
Genie Music
Genie Music (), a subsidiary of KT Corporation, is a South Korean company that specializes in the production and distribution of music content. Its music streaming service is the second most used in South Korea with 2.5 million subscribers as ...
(then known as KT Music) for colluding in price fixing, dating back to a case filed in 2008. Co-CEO Shin Won-soo, who was the sole CEO at the time being, was also sentenced to pay 10 million won.
Stealing royalties
On September 26, 2019, it was revealed that 3 former executives of the company have been charged with stealing 18.2 billion won in royalties from Melon, artists, and producers.
''Incredible'' promotion conflict
In 2013, LOEN Entertainment made a deal with
C-JeS Entertainment
C-JeS Entertainment is a South Korean entertainment company established in 2009, handling the management of various artists. Its roster includes popular boy band JYJ; singer Gummy; actors Sol Kyung-gu, Ryu Jun-yeol, and Lee Jae-wook; and actres ...
to promote and distribute
Junsu's second
studio album ''
Incredible
Incredible may refer to:
Music Albums
* ''Incredible'' (Clique Girlz album) or the title song, 2008
* ''Incredible'' (Gary Puckett & The Union Gap album), 1968
* ''Incredible'' (Ilse DeLange album), 2008
* ''Incredible'' (Mary Mary album) or ...
''. Days before the album's release, C-Jes was reportedly notified by LOEN that they would distribute the album but had scrapped plans for promotional marketing and broadcasting Junsu's upcoming showcase on MelOn, although they would be able to broadcast it on
LOEN TV
1theK Originals, formerly LOEN TV (Hangul: 로엔 TV), is a South Korean web series, produced by Kakao M. It is shown on the label's official YouTube channel.
History 2011: Debut
LOEN TV started in 2011, also going under the name ''LOEN Bangsong'' ...
. Promotional banners regarding the album's release on MelOn also disappeared from LOEN's social media accounts. C-JeS subsequently threatened to remove mentions of LOEN from Junsu's upcoming showcase and to file for a civil appeal to the
Fair Trade Commission and Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission.
In response, LOEN Entertainment stated that they were still in discussions regarding the album's promotion and that nothing had been confirmed prior to the relevant article's release. They pointed to the showcase event page on MelOn's homepage still being up as evidence that promotions were going ahead as planned. C-JeS responded saying that they had begun receiving pre-orders for the album and entries for the showcase event without a response from LOEN.
Following media attention, the two companies met on July 8 and resolved the dispute. ''Incredible'' was promoted and distributed by LOEN as planned.
Business
Kakao M has three companies, which the concept calls as "company in company" (CIC). The company also plans to set up another one in the future.
Melon Company
Melon Company () is Kakao M's
online music service
A digital music store is a business that sells digital audio files of music recordings over the Internet. Customers gain ownership of a license to use the files, in contrast to a music streaming service, where they listen to recordings without ...
company, operating
Melon
A melon is any of various plants of the family Cucurbitaceae with sweet, edible, and fleshy fruit. The word "melon" can refer to either the plant or specifically to the fruit. Botanically, a melon is a kind of berry, specifically a " pepo". Th ...
(short for ''melody on''),
the most popular music service in Korea, with 59% of all users in South Korea . That year
Soompi
Soompi is an English-language website providing coverage of Korean pop culture. It has one of the largest international Internet communities for K-pop, mostly concentrated in news and forums. With more than 23 million fans across all platforms, ...
ranked MelOn as the third most influential entity in the K-pop industry.
Music Content Company
Music Content Company () is Kakao M's music content production company, which includes the music content brand 1theK (which was known as LOEN Music before February 2014), ticket selling portal Melon Ticket
and distributes over 300 titles per year, working with independent agencies to invest in music production. The name '1theK' indicates its aim of creating one source for worldwide K-pop content.
Multilabel
Kakao M manages its artists within the companies under its Music Content Company, including LOEN Tree (2012) and Collabodadi (2014). Collabodadi artists were moved to LOEN Tree in September 2015 and later LOEN Tree renamed as Fave Entertainment in February 2017.
Kakao M acquired independent label
Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment () is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013.
They had been recognized for their contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several ...
in 2013 and Cube Entertainment subsidiaries label A Cube Entertainment (which later was renamed
Plan A Entertainment
IST Entertainment (Hangul: 아이에스티엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company under Kakao Entertainment.
History Plan A Entertainment
In 2011, A Cube Entertainment was established as an independent label of Cube Entertain ...
) in 2015, as well as
King Kong Entertainment
King Kong by Starship (), formerly known as King Kong Entertainment () before the merge in 2017, is a South Korean actors agency that was founded in 2009.
History
It was founded in 2009 by Lee Jin-sung, then an employee of IHQ Inc., and having ...
acquired by Starship in 2015.
In June 2016, Kakao M established an independent label Mun Hwa In.
In December 2017, Kakao M established a one-person agency E&T Story Entertainment for actress
Kim So-hyun
Kim So-hyun (; born June 4, 1999) is a South Korean actress who began her career as a child in 2006, initially gaining public attention for playing pivotal roles in ''Moon Embracing the Sun'' (2012) and '' Missing You'' (2013).
She took on he ...
, which is led by her long-time manager Park Chan-woo. As January 2018, Kakao M's independent label Plan A Entertainment has taken over the agency.
On June 27, 2018, Kakao M made strategic investments and created partnerships with three actor management agencies BH Entertainment, J.WIDE Company, Management SOOP, and Korea's leading advertisement model casting agency, Ready Entertainment in order to globalize its content.
On January 13, 2019, Kakao M acquired independent label
Blossom Entertainment
Blossom Entertainment () is a talent management agency based in Seoul, South Korea. Founded in 2012, its roster includes actors Cha Tae-hyun, Yang Se-jong, and Lim Ju-hwan.
Foundation
Blossom Entertainment was co-founded by actor Cha Tae-hyun and ...
.
On February 13, 2019, Kakao M released a statement that
Plan A Entertainment
IST Entertainment (Hangul: 아이에스티엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company under Kakao Entertainment.
History Plan A Entertainment
In 2011, A Cube Entertainment was established as an independent label of Cube Entertain ...
and
Fave Entertainment
This is a list of labels controlled, distributed or associated with Kakao M.
Subsidiaries House labels IST Entertainment
IST Entertainment is a record label established by Kakao M in November 2021. The label (previously known as Play M Entertai ...
will be merging into
Play M Entertainment
IST Entertainment (Hangul: 아이에스티엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company under Kakao Entertainment.
History Plan A Entertainment
In 2011, A Cube Entertainment was established as an independent label of Cube Entertain ...
on April 1.
On January 6, 2020, Kakao M established new label EDAM Entertainment to manage their long-time soloist
IU.
Video Content Company
Video Content Company () is Kakao M's media production company, which includes Krispy Studio (a web content production company) and Mega Monster (formerly Story Plant, a
drama
Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance: a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or on radio or television.Elam (1980, 98). Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic mode has b ...
production company that Kakao M co-owns with
CJ E&M
CJ E&M (Hangul: 씨제이이앤엠, an initialism for CJ Entertainment & Media) is a South Korean entertainment and mass media company created by CJ Group in 2011. As of July 2018, CJ E&M is a division of CJ ENM.
History
CJ E&M was established a ...
subsidiary
Studio Dragon Corporation).
Just almost a week after its name change, Kakao M (through Krispy Studio) acquired a majority (65.7%) stake in Nylon Media Korea, publisher of the
Korean edition of beauty and fashion magazine ''
Nylon
Nylon is a generic designation for a family of synthetic polymers composed of polyamides ( repeating units linked by amide links).The polyamides may be aliphatic or semi-aromatic.
Nylon is a silk-like thermoplastic, generally made from pe ...
'', from Seoul Cultural Publishers.
Others
In April 2018, Kakao M and
its parent company formed the
CSR venture Kakao Impact Foundation.
Subsidiaries
, the following companies are the subsidiaries of Kakao M:
*
IST Entertainment
IST Entertainment (Hangul: 아이에스티엔터테인먼트) is a South Korean entertainment company under Kakao Entertainment.
History Plan A Entertainment
In 2011, A Cube Entertainment was established as an independent label of Cube Entertain ...
(since 2012)
*
Starship Entertainment
Starship Entertainment () is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2008 and became an independent subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment in 2013.
They had been recognized for their contributions to the Hallyu Wave, being home to several ...
(since 2013)
** Starship X (since 2013)
**
Highline Entertainment
Highline Entertainment () is a South Korean entertainment company founded in 2017 and a subsidiary of Starship Entertainment.
History
In 2017, Starship Entertainment launched another subsidiary label House of Music, which focused on recruiting ...
(since 2017)
**
King Kong by Starship
King Kong by Starship (), formerly known as King Kong Entertainment () before the merge in 2017, is a South Korean actors agency that was founded in 2009.
History
It was founded in 2009 by Lee Jin-sung, then an employee of IHQ Inc., and having ...
(since 2015)
** Shownote (since 2019)
* GRAYGO (since 2017)
** Maison de Baja (since 2019)
*
Mega Monster
Mega Monster () is a South Korean TV series production company and a subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment.
The company was founded in 2014 as Story Plant by Kim Yang (television producer), Kim Yang and , and was a subsidiary of CJ E&M (known now a ...
(since 2017)
* BH Entertainment (since 2018)
* J-Wide Company (since 2018)
*
Management SOOP
Management SOOP Corporation () t/a Management SOOP () is a South Korean actors agency that was established in 2011, and is currently operating as a subsidiary of Kakao Entertainment (a Kakao company). The roster includes actors Jeon Do-yeon, Gong ...
(since 2018)
* Ready Entertainment (since 2018)
* Awesome ENT (since 2019)
* VAST Entertainment & Media (since 2015)
* EDAM Entertainment (since 2020)
* E&T Story Entertainment (since 2019)
* Moonlight Film (since 2019)
* Sanai Pictures (since 2019)
* MTN Entertainment (since 2020)
* Flex M (since 2020)
* BLUEDOT Entertainment (since 2021)
*
Antenna Entertainment (since 2021)
* High Up Entertainment (since 2021)
Locations
* Jungseok Building,
Teheran-ro
Teheran-ro (translation "Tehran Boulevard") is a street in the Gangnam district of Seoul, South Korea. It runs from Gangnam Station through Yeoksam-dong and into Samseong-dong. It is colloquially known as "Teheran Valley" (after Silicon Valley ...
103-gil 17,
Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
Samseong-Dong is an affluent neighborhood or ward of Gangnam-gu in Seoul, South Korea.
The area has a large concentration of upscale shopping malls, popular restaurants and hotels such as the Ramada Seoul Hotel and the Hyatt Park Hotel. Samseon ...
* Star Hill Building, Bongeunsa-ro 151,
Nonhyeon-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
*12/F Hibro Building,
Teheran-ro
Teheran-ro (translation "Tehran Boulevard") is a street in the Gangnam district of Seoul, South Korea. It runs from Gangnam Station through Yeoksam-dong and into Samseong-dong. It is colloquially known as "Teheran Valley" (after Silicon Valley ...
503, Samseong-dong, Gangnam-gu, Seoul
* 20/F Sangam DMC Digital Cube, 34 Sangamsan-ro,
Sangam-dong, Mapo-gu, Seoul
Sangam-dong is a legal '' dong'' (neighborhood) of the Mapo District in Seoul, South Korea. In the wake of the 2002 FIFA World Cup, a large apartment complex and DMC business district have been created and developed into the center of western Seou ...
Awards
See also
*
Kakao
Kakao ( ko, 카카오) is a South Korean internet company that was established in 2010. It formed as a result of a merger between Daum Communications and the original Kakao Inc. In 2014, the company was renamed Daum Kakao. The company rebrande ...
*
MelOn Music Awards
*
SK Group
SK Group ( Korean: SK그룹, 에스케이그룹) is the second largest South Korean chaebol behind Samsung Group. SK Group is composed of 186 subsidiaries and affiliates that share the SK brand name and the group's management culture, named SKMS ...
Notes
References
External links
*
Kakao M official recruitment site
{{Authority control
Companies based in Seoul
Companies listed on KOSDAQ
Electronic dance music record labels
Entertainment companies of South Korea
Event management companies of South Korea
Film distributors of South Korea
Film production companies of South Korea
Former SK Group subsidiaries
Hip hop record labels
Kakao subsidiaries
Music publishing companies of South Korea
K-pop record labels
Publishing companies established in 1978
Record label distributors
Record labels established in 1978
South Korean brands
South Korean record labels
Synth-pop record labels
Talent agencies of South Korea
South Korean companies established in 1978
Entertainment companies established in 1978
2021 disestablishments in South Korea
Entertainment companies disestablished in 2021
Defunct record labels of South Korea