Haldimand County is a rural city-status single-tier municipality on the

Niagara Peninsula The Niagara Peninsula is an area of land lying between the southwestern shore of Lake Ontario and the northeastern shore of Lake Erie, in Ontario, Canada. Technically an isthmus rather than a peninsula, it stretches from the Niagara River in the ...

in Southern Ontario, Canada, on the north shore of Lake Erie, and on the Grand River. Despite its name, it is no longer a county by definition, as all municipal services are handled by a single level of government. Municipal offices are located in

Cayuga Cayuga often refers to: * Cayuga people, a native tribe to North America, part of the Iroquois Confederacy * Cayuga language, the language of the Cayuga Cayuga may also refer to: Places Canada * Cayuga, Ontario United States * Cayuga, Illinois ...

. The county is adjacent to Norfolk County, the County of Brant, the City of Hamilton, and the Regional Municipality of Niagara.

History

Haldimand's history has been closely associated with that of neighbouring Norfolk County. Upper Canada was created in 1791 by being separated from the old Province of Quebec, Haldimand was created in 1798 as part of the Niagara District. It was named after Sir Frederick Haldimand, the governor of the Province of Quebec from 1778 to 1785. In 1844, the land was surrendered by the Six Nations to the Crown in an agreement that was signed by the vast majority of Chiefs in the Haldimand tract. From 1974 to 2000, Haldimand County and Norfolk County were merged to form the Regional Municipality of Haldimand-Norfolk. See Regional Municipality of Haldimand–Norfolk and Norfolk County History for the period when Haldimand and Norfolk were governed as a single unit. Beginning in February 2006, a land dispute by native protesters began near Caledonia over a housing development being built on the outskirts of town, which members of the nearby Mohawk Six Nations people claim is rightfully their land.

Communities

The population centres in Haldimand are

Caledonia Caledonia (; ) was the Latin name used by the Roman Empire to refer to the part of Great Britain () that lies north of the River Forth, which includes most of the land area of Scotland. Today, it is used as a romantic or poetic name for all ...

, Dunnville, Hagersville, Jarvis and

. Part of the Six Nations Reserve is within the geographic area of Haldimand County, but is independent of the county. Most of Haldimand is agricultural land, although some heavy industry, including the former

Nanticoke Generating Station The Nanticoke Generating Station was a coal-fired power station in Nanticoke, Ontario in operation from 1972 to 2013. It was the largest coal power station in North America and, at full capacity, it could provide 3,964 MW of power into th ...

, is located here. Smaller communities within the municipality are Attercliffe Station, Balmoral, Bodri Bay, Brookers Bay, Byng, Canborough, Canfield, Cheapside, Clanbrassil, Crescent Bay, Decewsville, Empire Corners, Featherstone Point, Fisherville, Garnet, Hoover Point, Kohler, Little Buffalo, Lowbanks, Moulton Station, Mount Carmel, Mount Healy, Nanticoke, Nelles Corners, Peacock Point, Port Maitland, Rainham Centre, Selkirk, Sims Lock, South Cayuga, Springvale, Stromness, Sweets Corners, Townsend, Willow Grove, Woodlawn Park and York. The ghost towns of Cook's Station, Cranston, Dufferin, Erie, Indiana, Lambs Corners, Lythmore, Sandusk, Upper, and Varency are also located within Haldimand.

Historic townships

Haldimand County's area of 309,300 acres was formed from part of the land grant to the Six Nations in 1783. The County was purchased by treaty and opened for general settlement in 1832. It was first settled by white veterans of Butler's Rangers established there by

Joseph Brant Thayendanegea or Joseph Brant (March 1743 – November 24, 1807) was a Mohawk people, Mohawk military and political leader, based in present-day New York (state), New York, who was closely associated with Kingdom of Great Britain, Great B ...

. A large number of Germans were among the first settlers. *Canborough, area . Granted in 1794 by Joseph Brant to John Dochstader of Butler's Rangers. Purchased by Benjamin Canby in 1810 for £5,000, he named the village-site "Canborough. Community centre: Canborough, Darling and it touches Dunnville *Dunn, area . Opened for settlement in 1833. Community centre: Dunnville *Moulton, area . Landowner Henry John Boulton named the township from the Boulton family seat in England. *North Cayuga, area . *Oneida, area . Joseph Brant granted a 999 year lease of part of Oneida and Seneca townships to Henry Nelles, of Butler's Rangers and his sons, Robert, Abraham, William, Warner and John. Community centres were: Caledonia, Dufferin and Hagersville. *Rainham, area Community centres: Balmoral, Selkirk, Rainham Centre and Fisherville. *Seneca, area . Community centres: York and Caledonia *Sherbrooke, area , the smallest township in Ontario. Opened in 1825 and named from Sir John Coape Sherbrooke, a Governor-General of Canada. The Township was granted by the Indians to William Dickson (a lawyer) as a professional fee. Community centres: Stromness and Port Maitland. *South Cayuga, area . *Walpole, area . Community centres were: Hagersville, Jarvis, Selkirk, Cheapside and Nanticoke. Source: ''Province of Ontario – A History 1615 to 1927'' by Jesse Edgar Middleton & Fred Landon, copyright 1927, Dominion Publishing Company, Toronto

Demographics

In the

2021 Census of Population The 2021 Canadian census was a detailed enumeration of the Canadian population with a reference date of May 11, 2021. It follows the 2016 Canadian census, which recorded a population of 35,151,728. The overall response rate was 98%, which is sli ...

conducted by

Statistics Canada Statistics Canada (StatCan; french: Statistique Canada), formed in 1971, is the agency of the Government of Canada commissioned with producing statistics to help better understand Canada, its population, resources, economy, society, and cultur ...

, Haldimand County had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.

Ethnocultural statistics

Only ethnic groups that comprise greater than 1% of the population are included. Note that a person can report more than one group. *English: 37.4% *"Canadian": 32.7% *Scottish: 24.9% *Irish: 20.1% *German: 18.4% *Dutch: 13.4% *French: 8.6% *Italian: 4.4% *Aboriginal: 3.3% *Ukrainian: 2.7% *Polish: 2.7% *Hungarian: 2.4% *Welsh: 2.0% *British Isles (other): 1.7% *Portuguese: 1.3%

Local government

The city is within the federal electoral riding of Haldimand—Norfolk and within provincial electoral riding of Haldimand—Norfolk. Current Mayor: Ken Hewitt Previous Mayors: * 2004–2010: Marie Trainer * 2000–2004: Lorraine Bergstrand

Policing

Policing in the county is provided by the Haldimand detachment of the Ontario Provincial Police located in

Fire services

Fire services in the county is provided by the Haldimand County Fire Department which was created in 2001 following the separation of Haldimand and Norfolk. The department currently consists of 11 stations located strategically throughout the county. With almost 300 firefighters and 40 fire apparatuses, it is one of the largest volunteer fire departments in Ontario. The department consists of: * Station 1 – Caledonia * Station 2 – Hagersville * Station 3 – Jarvis * Station 4 – Cayuga (Headquarters) * Station 5 – Canfield * Station 6 – Canborough * Station 7 – Lowbanks * Station 9 – Dunnville * Station 11 – South Haldimand * Station 12 – Fisherville * Station 13 – Selkirk

Transportation

The Southern Ontario Railway operates in southwestern Haldimand. Highways that travel through Haldimand include Ontario Highway 3 and Ontario Highway 6.

Protected areas

*Haldimand Conservation Area *Selkirk Provincial Park *Taquanyah Conservation Area *Hedley Forest Conservation Area *Canborough Conservation Area *Ruigrok Tract Conservation Area *Oswego Conservation Area *Byng Island Conservation Area *

Rock Point Provincial Park Rock Point Provincial Park is a park located on the north shore of Lake Erie near the mouth of the Grand River in the Carolinian zone of southwestern Ontario. It occupies an area of . Habitats within the park include wetlands, forests and dunes ...

Mohawk Island National Wildlife Area Mohawk may refer to: Related to Native Americans *Mohawk people, an indigenous people of North America (Canada and New York) * Mohawk language, the language spoken by the Mohawk people *Mohawk hairstyle, from a hairstyle once thought to have been ...

Attractions

*Port Maitland Outer Range Lighthouse and Pier *Canadian Heritage Grand River *Grand Valley Trail * Toronto Motorsports Park (Dragway Park)
Indiana Ghost Town
*Ruthven Park National Historic Site Mansion and Park * Haldimand County Museum & Archives (Cayuga) *

Jukasa Motor Speedway The Jukasa Motor Speedway (formerly known as Cayuga Speedway and the Cayuga 2000 Speedway) was an auto racing track located near Cayuga in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada. Famous stock car drivers including Dale Earnhardt, Matt Kenseth, Bob ...

*Grand River Dinner Cruises * Edinburgh Square Heritage Centre (Caledonia) *

Killman Zoo Killman Zoo is a privately owned zoo approximately north of Caledonia in Haldimand County, Ontario, Canada. History Killman Zoo was founded by the wildlife artist Murray Killman. Murray obtained his first big cat, a cougar named Maggie, in ...

*Cottonwood Mansion *Caledonia Grand Trunk Station *The Wilson Pugsley MacDonald Museum (c. 1872) is a National Historic Site of Canada on the Canadian Register of Historic Places. The Museum was named in honour of Wilson MacDonald *No. 6 RCAF Dunnville Museum *Canadian Drilling Rig Museum *Caledonia Old Mill *Byng Island Conservation Area and Pool * Mohawk Island Lighthouse (abandoned) * Townsend Planned Community (1970) *

Notable people

* Birthplace of Canadian Olympic high jump medalist Ethel Catherwood. * Birthplace of Canadian Women's Hockey Gold Medalist Becky Kellar-Duke * Birthplace of

Spud Johnson James Ralph "Spud" Johnson (December 1856 – February 1928) was a 19th-century Major League Baseball player for three seasons, two for the Columbus Solons of the American Association and one season for the Cleveland Spiders of the National League ...

Major League Baseball player * Boston Bruins' Nathan Horton, who won the Stanley Cup in 2011 * San Jose Sharks Head Coach Peter DeBoer * Edmonton Oilers goaltender Cam Talbot * Chicago Blackhawks goaltender Ray Emery, who won Stanley Cup in 2013 * Marty McSorley, retired NHL player * Peter Robertson, inventor of the Robertson screw

References

External links

* {{Subdivisions of Ontario Cities in Ontario Former counties in Ontario Single-tier municipalities in Ontario Populated places disestablished in 1974 Southwestern Ontario Populated places on Lake Erie in Canada