Semionotiformes is an order of primitive, ray-finned, primarily freshwater fish from the Middle

Triassic The Triassic ( ) is a geologic period and system which spans 50.6 million years from the end of the Permian Period 251.902 million years ago ( Mya), to the beginning of the Jurassic Period 201.36 Mya. The Triassic is the first and shortest period ...

(

Anisian In the geologic timescale, the Anisian is the lower stage or earliest age of the Middle Triassic series or epoch and lasted from million years ago until million years ago. The Anisian Age succeeds the Olenekian Age (part of the Lower Triassic Ep ...

) to the Late

Cretaceous The Cretaceous ( ) is a geological period that lasted from about 145 to 66 million years ago (Mya). It is the third and final period of the Mesozoic Era, as well as the longest. At around 79 million years, it is the longest geological period of th ...

(

Maastrichtian The Maastrichtian () is, in the ICS geologic timescale, the latest age (uppermost stage) of the Late Cretaceous Epoch or Upper Cretaceous Series, the Cretaceous Period or System, and of the Mesozoic Era or Erathem. It spanned the interval from ...

). The best-known

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

is ''

Semionotus ''Semionotus'' (from el, σημιον , 'mark' and el, νῶτος , 'back') is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish found throughout Northern Pangaea ( North America and Europe) during the late Triassic, becoming extinct in the Early Jurassic ...

'' of

Europe Europe is a large peninsula conventionally considered a continent in its own right because of its great physical size and the weight of its history and traditions. Europe is also considered a Continent#Subcontinents, subcontinent of Eurasia ...

and

North America North America is a continent in the Northern Hemisphere and almost entirely within the Western Hemisphere. It is bordered to the north by the Arctic Ocean, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, to the southeast by South America and the Car ...

. Their closest living relatives are

gar Gars are members of the family Lepisosteidae, which are the only surviving members of the Ginglymodi, an ancient holosteian group of ray-finned fish, which first appeared during the Triassic, over 240 million years ago. Gars comprise seven livin ...

s (Lepisosteidae), with both groups belonging to the clade

Ginglymodi Ginglymodi is a clade of ray-finned fish containing modern-day gars (Lepisosteidae) and their extinct relatives, including the family Lepidotidae and the orders Semionotiformes and Kyphosichthyiformes, and various other extinct taxa. Ginglymodi ...

within the

Holostei Holostei is a group of ray-finned bony fish. It is divided into two major clades, the Halecomorphi, represented by a single living species, the bowfin (''Amia calva''), as well as the Ginglymodi, the sole living representatives being the gars (Le ...

Classification

* Order †Semionotiformes Arambourg & Bertin 1958 sensu López-Arbarello 2012 ** Genus ?†''

Orthurus ''Orthurus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish genera This list of prehistoric bony fish is an attempt t ...

'' Kner 1866 ** Genus †'' Sangiorgioichthys'' Tintori & Lombardo 2007 ** Genus †''

Luoxiongichthys ''Luoxiongichthys'' is an extinct genus of basal actinopterygian (ray-finned fish) known from the lower Middle Triassic (Pelsonian substage, Anisian stage) of Luoxiong Town, Luoping County of Yunnan Province, southwestern China. It is known f ...

'' Wen et al. 2011 ** Genus †''

Aphanepygus ''Aphanepygus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish that lived during the lower Cenomanian. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

'' Bassani 1879 ** Genus †'' Placidichthys'' Brito 2000 ** Family † Pleurolepididae Lütken 1871 *** Genus †'' Pleurolepis'' Agassiz 1863 non Quenstedt 1852 ** Family †

Macrosemiidae Macrosemiiformes is an extinct order of ray-finned fish with one family, Macrosemiidae. The group evolved during the Late Triassic and disappeared during the Late Cretaceous. The group has been found in rock formations in Africa, Australia, Euras ...

Wagner 1860a corrig. Cope 1889 sensu Murray & Wilson 2009 acrosemii Wagner 1860a*** Genus †'' Eusemius'' Vetter 1881 *** Genus †'' Blenniomoeus'' Costa 1850 'Calignathus''_Costa_1853.html" ;"title="Calignathus.html" ;"title="' 'Calignathus''_Costa_1853">Calignathus.html"_;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus''_Costa_1853***_Genus_†''Enchelyolepis.html" ;"title="Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853">Calignathus.html" ;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853*** Genus †''Enchelyolepis">Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853">Calignathus.html" ;"title="'Calignathus">'Calignathus'' Costa 1853*** Genus †''Enchelyolepis'' Woodward 1918 *** Genus †''Palaeomacrosemius'' Ebert, Lane & Kolbl-Ebert 2016 *** Genus †''Voelklichthys'' Arratia & Schultze 2012 *** Genus †''Notagogus'' Agassiz 1833-1844 [''Neonotagogus'' Bravi 1994] *** Genus †'' Agoultichthys'' Murray & Wilson 2009 *** Genus †''

Histionotus ''Histionotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organiz ...

'' Egerton 1854 *** Genus †''

Propterus ''Propterus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric ray-finned fish of the Solnhofen Plattenkalk. See also * Prehistoric fish The evolution of fish began about 530 million years ago during the Cambrian explosion. It was during this time t ...

'' Agassiz 1833-1844 'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850.html" ;"title="Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="' 'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850">Rhynchoncodes.html"_;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes''_Costa_1850***_Genus_†''Macrosemiocotzus.html" ;"title="Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850">Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850*** Genus †''Macrosemiocotzus">Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850">Rhynchoncodes.html" ;"title="'Rhynchoncodes">'Rhynchoncodes'' Costa 1850*** Genus †''Macrosemiocotzus'' González-Rodríguez, Applegate & Espinosa-Arrubarrena 2004 *** Genus †''Legnonotus'' Egerton 1853 *** Genus †''Macrosemius'' Agassiz 1833-1844 ** Family †Semionotidae Woodward 1890 sensu López-Arbarello 2012 *** Genus †''

'' Agassiz 1832 *** Genus †'' Sargodon'' Plieninger 1847 ** Family † Callipurbeckiidae López-Arbarello 2012 aralepidotidae Hadding 1919 ex Lund 1920*** Genus †'' Occitanichthys'' López-Arbarello & Wencker 2016 *** Genus †'' Semiolepis'' Lombardo & Tintori 2008 *** Genus †''

Paralepidotus ''Paralepidotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish. Distribution Fossils of '' Paralepidotus '' are found in the Triassic marine strata of Austria, France, Italy, Poland, Saudi Arabia and United States. See a ...

'' Stolley 1919 *** Genus †''

Macrosemimimus ''Macrosemimimus'' is an extinct genus of semionotiform ray-finned fish from the Late Jurassic of Germany, England and France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also c ...

'' Schröder, López-Arbarello & Ebert 2012 *** Genus †'' Tlayuamichin'' López-Arbarello & Alvarado-Ortega 2011 *** Genus †'' Callipurbeckia'' López-Arbarello 2012

Timeline of genera

ImageSize = width:1500px height:auto barincrement:15px PlotArea = left:10px bottom:50px top:10px right:10px Period = from:-299 till:15 TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:25 start:-299 ScaleMinor = unit:year increment:5 start:-299 TimeAxis = orientation:hor AlignBars = justify Colors = #legends id:CAR value:claret id:ANK value:rgb(0.4,0.3,0.196) id:HER value:teal id:HAD value:green id:OMN value:blue id:black value:black id:white value:white id:paleozoic value:rgb(0.6,0.75,0.55) id:cambrian value:rgb(0.49,0.63,0.33) id:ordovician value:rgb(0,0.57,0.44) id:silurian value:rgb(0.70,0.88,0.71) id:devonian value:rgb(0.8,0.55,0.22) id:carboniferous value:rgb(0.4,0.65,0.6) id:permian value:rgb(0.94,0.25,0.24) id:mesozoic value:rgb(0.38,0.77,0.79) id:triassic value:rgb(0.51,0.17,0.57) id:jurassic value:rgb(0.2,0.7,0.79) id:cretaceous value:rgb(0.5,0.78,0.31) id:cenozoic value:rgb(0.95,0.98,0.11) id:paleogene value:rgb(0.99,0.6,0.32) id:neogene value:rgb(0.999999,0.9,0.1) id:quaternary value:rgb(0.98,0.98,0.50) BarData= bar:eratop bar:space bar:periodtop bar:space bar:NAM1 bar:NAM2 bar:NAM3 bar:NAM4 bar:NAM5 bar:NAM6 bar:NAM7 bar:NAM8 bar:NAM9 bar:NAM10 bar:NAM11 bar:NAM12 bar:NAM13 bar:NAM14 bar:NAM15 bar:NAM16 bar:NAM17 bar:NAM18 bar:NAM19 bar:NAM20 bar:NAM21 bar:NAM22 bar:NAM23 bar:NAM24 bar:NAM25 bar:NAM26 bar:NAM27 bar:NAM28 bar:NAM29 bar:NAM30 bar:NAM31 bar:NAM32 bar:NAM33 bar:space bar:period bar:space bar:era PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 shift:(7,-4) bar:periodtop from: -299 till: -251 color:permian text:

Permian The Permian ( ) is a geologic period and stratigraphic system which spans 47 million years from the end of the Carboniferous Period million years ago (Mya), to the beginning of the Triassic Period 251.9 Mya. It is the last period of the Paleoz ...

from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:

from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:

Jurassic The Jurassic ( ) is a Geological period, geologic period and System (stratigraphy), stratigraphic system that spanned from the end of the Triassic Period million years ago (Mya) to the beginning of the Cretaceous Period, approximately Mya. The J ...

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

Paleogene The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text: Neog. from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. bar:eratop from: -299 till: -251 color:paleozoic text:

Paleozoic Era The Paleozoic (or Palaeozoic) Era is the earliest of three geologic eras of the Phanerozoic Eon. The name ''Paleozoic'' ( ;) was coined by the British geologist Adam Sedgwick in 1838 by combining the Greek words ''palaiós'' (, "old") and ' ...

from: -251 till: -65.5 color:mesozoic text:

Mesozoic Era The Mesozoic Era ( ), also called the Age of Reptiles, the Age of Conifers, and colloquially as the Age of the Dinosaurs is the second-to-last Era (geology), era of Earth's Geologic time scale, geological history, lasting from about , comprising ...

from: -65.5 till: 0 color:cenozoic text:

Cenozoic The Cenozoic ( ; ) is Earth's current geological era, representing the last 66million years of Earth's history. It is characterised by the dominance of mammals, birds and flowering plants, a cooling and drying climate, and the current configura ...

PlotData= align:left fontsize:M mark:(line,white) width:5 anchor:till align:left color:permian bar:NAM1 from:-260 till:-253.8 text: Acentrophorus color:permian bar:NAM2 from:-260 till:-199.8 text:

color:triassic bar:NAM3 from:-251 till:-245 text: Archaeolepidotus color:triassic bar:NAM4 from:-251 till:-245 text:

Pericentrophus ''Pericentrophus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Early Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

color:triassic bar:NAM5 from:-249.7 till:-237 text: Eosemionotus color:triassic bar:NAM6 from:-245 till:-175.6 text:

color:triassic bar:NAM7 from:-245 till:-228 text:

Alleiolepis ''Alleiolepis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: People * List (surname) Organizations ...

color:triassic bar:NAM8 from:-245 till:-228 text: Allelepidotus color:triassic bar:NAM9 from:-245 till:-228 text:

Asialepidotus ''Asialepidotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Middle Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

color:triassic bar:NAM10 from:-245 till:-228 text: Enigmatichthys color:triassic bar:NAM11 from:-245 till:-228 text:

Sinosemionotus ''Sinosemionotus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Middle Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a row. List or lists may also refer to: ...

color:triassic bar:NAM12 from:-245 till:-199.6 text: Serrolepis color:triassic bar:NAM13 from:-228.7 till:-216.5 text:

Aphelolepis ''Aphelolepis'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived during the Carnian stage of the Late Triassic epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish References

Late Triassic fish {{paleo-bony-fish- ...

color:triassic bar:NAM14 from:-228.7 till:-216.5 text:

color:triassic bar:NAM15 from:-228.7 till:-65.5 text:

Lepidotus ''Lepidotes'' (from el, λεπιδωτός , 'covered with scales') (previously known as ''Lepidotus'') is an extinct genus of Mesozoic ray-finned fish. It has been considered a wastebasket taxon, characterised by "general features, such as th ...

color:triassic bar:NAM16 from:-228.7 till:-203.6 text: Plesiolepidotus color:triassic bar:NAM17 from:-228 till:-199.6 text: Corunegenys color:triassic bar:NAM18 from:-228 till:-199.6 text: Hemicalypterus color:triassic bar:NAM19 from:-228 till:-199.6 text: Pristiosomus color:triassic bar:NAM20 from:-216.5 till:-203.6 text: Dandya color:triassic bar:NAM21 from:-216.5 till:-199.6 text: Sargodon color:triassic bar:NAM22 from:-216.5 till:-171.6 text:

Dapedium ''Dapedium'' (from el, δαπέδων , 'pavement') is an extinct genus of primitive neopterygian ray-finned fish. The first-described finding was an example of ''D. politum'', found in the Lower Lias of Lyme Regis, on the Jurassic Coast of E ...

color:triassic bar:NAM23 from:-203.6 till:-199.6 text:

Prolepidotus ''Lepidotes'' (from el, λεπιδωτός , 'covered with scales') (previously known as ''Lepidotus'') is an extinct genus of Mesozoic Actinopterygii, ray-finned fish. It has been considered a wastebasket taxon, characterised by "general featur ...

color:jurassic bar:NAM24 from:-199.6 till:-145.5 text: Prionopleurus color:jurassic bar:NAM25 from:-183 till:-175.6 text: Austrolepidotus color:jurassic bar:NAM26 from:-183 till:-145.5 text: Tetragonolepis color:jurassic bar:NAM27 from:-164.7 till:-149.03 text:

Heterostrophus ''Heterostrophus'' is an extinct genus of ray-finned fish belonging to the family Dapediidae. It lived from the Callovian stage of the Middle Jurassic epoch to the early Tithonian stage of the Late Jurassic The Late Jurassic is the third epoch ...

color:jurassic bar:NAM28 from:-155.7 till:-150.8 text: Callopteus color:jurassic bar:NAM29 from:-155.7 till:-150.8 text: Oligopleurus color:cretaceous bar:NAM30 from:-112 till:-70.6 text:

Paralepidosteus ''Paralepidosteus'' is an extinct genus of prehistoric bony fish that lived from the Albian to the Campanian stage of the Early Cretaceous epoch. See also * Prehistoric fish * List of prehistoric bony fish A ''list'' is any set of items in a ...

color:cretaceous bar:NAM31 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Oshunia color:cretaceous bar:NAM32 from:-99.6 till:-93.5 text: Sphathiurus PlotData= align:center textcolor:black fontsize:M mark:(line,black) width:25 bar:period from: -299 till: -251 color:permian text:

from: -251 till: -199.6 color:triassic text:

from: -199.6 till: -145.5 color:jurassic text:

from: -145.5 till: -65.5 color:cretaceous text:

from: -65.5 till: -23.03 color:paleogene text:

from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text: Neog. from: -2.588 till: 0 color:quaternary text: Q. bar:era from: -299 till: -251 color:paleozoic text:

from: -251 till: -65.5 color:mesozoic text:

from: -65.5 till: 0 color:cenozoic text:

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q946193 Prehistoric ray-finned fish orders Lopingian first appearances Late Cretaceous extinctions