The self-care deficit nursing theory is a
grand nursing theory that was developed between 1959 and 2001 by
Dorothea Orem. The theory is also referred to as the Orem's Model of Nursing. It is particularly used in
rehabilitation and
primary care
Primary care is the day-to-day healthcare given by a health care provider. Typically this provider acts as the first contact and principal point of continuing care for patients within a healthcare system, and coordinates other specialist care ...
settings, where the patient is encouraged to be as
independent
Independent or Independents may refer to:
Arts, entertainment, and media Artist groups
* Independents (artist group), a group of modernist painters based in the New Hope, Pennsylvania, area of the United States during the early 1930s
* Independ ...
as possible.
Central philosophy
The
nursing theory Nursing theory is defined as "a creative and rigorous structuring of ideas that project a tentative, purposeful, and systematic view of phenomena". Through systematic inquiry, whether in nursing research or practice, nurses are able to develop knowl ...
is based upon the philosophy that all "patients wish to care for themselves". They can recover more quickly and holistically if they are allowed to perform their own self-cares to the best of their ability. Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory emphasized on establishing the nursing perspectives regarding human and practice.
[Shah, M., Abdullah, A., & Khan, H. (2015). Compare and Contrast of Grand Theories: Orem’s Self-Care Deficit Theory and Roy’s Adaptation Model. ''INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF NURSING'', ''5''(1).
]
Self-care requisites
Self-care requisites are groups of needs or requirements that Orem identified. They are classified as either:
*Universal self-care requisites: those needs that all people have
*Developmental self-care requisites
**1. maturational: progress toward higher levels of maturation.
**2. situational: prevention of deleterious effects related to development.
*Health deviation requisites: those needs that arise as a result of a patient's condition
Self-care deficits
When an individual is unable to meet their own self-care requisites, a "self-care deficit" occurs. It is the job of the
Registered Nurse to determine these deficits, and define a support modality.
Support modalities
Nurses are encouraged to rate their patient's dependencies or each of the self-care deficits on the following scale:
* Total Compensation
* Partial Compensation
* Educative/Supportive
Sociocultural alsi
Universal Self-Care Requisites (SCRs)
The Universal Self-Care Requisites that are needed for health are:
*Air
* Water
* Food
* Elimination
* Activity and Rest
* Solitude and Social Interaction
* Hazard Prevention
* Promotion of Normality
The nurse is encouraged to assign a support modality to each of the self-care requisites.
References
Dorothea Orem's Self-Care TheoryDorothea Orem's Self-Care Deficit Nursing Theory* Hartweg, Donna (1991). Dorothea Orem: Self-Care Deficit Theory. Notes on Nursing Theories 4. Sage Publications. p. 1.
* Renpenning KM, SozWiss GB, Denyes MJ, Orem DE, Taylor SG. Nurs Sci Q. 2011 Explication of the nature and meaning of nursing diagnosis.Apr;24(2):130-6. doi: 10.1177/0894318411399451
* Orem DE, Taylor SG.Nurs Sci Q. 2011 Reflections on nursing practice science: the nature, the structure, and the foundation of nursing sciences.Jan;24(1):35-41. doi: 10.1177/0894318410389
* Medical Archives of the Johns Hopkins Medical Institution
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Nursing theory