''Selenocosmia'' is a

genus Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus com ...

tarantulas Tarantulas comprise a group of large and often hairy spiders of the family Theraphosidae. , 1,040 species have been identified, with 156 genera. The term "tarantula" is usually used to describe members of the family Theraphosidae, although m ...

that was first described by

Anton Ausserer Anton Ausserer (5 July 184320 July 1889)Maurer, Ferdinand: ''Nachruf an Dr. Anton Ausserer.'' Programm des kk. acad. Gymnasiums in Grätz. Graz 1890 was an Austrian naturalist specialising in spiders.Bonnet, Pierre: Bibliographia aranearum, Les ...

in 1871. The genus is found in

China China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a country in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population exceeding 1.4 billion, slightly ahead of India. China spans the equivalent of five time zones and ...

New Guinea New Guinea (; Hiri Motu Hiri Motu, also known as Police Motu, Pidgin Motu, or just Hiri, is a language of Papua New Guinea, which is spoken in surrounding areas of Port Moresby (Capital of Papua New Guinea). It is a simplified version of ...

Indonesia Indonesia, officially the Republic of Indonesia, is a country in Southeast Asia and Oceania between the Indian and Pacific oceans. It consists of over 17,000 islands, including Sumatra, Java, Sulawesi, and parts of Borneo and New Guine ...

Australia Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, sma ...

Myanmar Myanmar, ; UK pronunciations: US pronunciations incl. . Note: Wikipedia's IPA conventions require indicating /r/ even in British English although only some British English speakers pronounce r at the end of syllables. As John C. Wells, Joh ...

Malaysia Malaysia ( ; ) is a country in Southeast Asia. The federation, federal constitutional monarchy consists of States and federal territories of Malaysia, thirteen states and three federal territories, separated by the South China Sea into two r ...

Laos Laos (, ''Lāo'' )), officially the Lao People's Democratic Republic ( Lao: ສາທາລະນະລັດ ປະຊາທິປະໄຕ ປະຊາຊົນລາວ, French: République démocratique populaire lao), is a socialist ...

Vietnam Vietnam or Viet Nam ( vi, Việt Nam, ), officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam,., group="n" is a country in Southeast Asia, at the eastern edge of mainland Southeast Asia, with an area of and population of 96 million, making i ...

Philippines The Philippines (; fil, Pilipinas, links=no), officially the Republic of the Philippines ( fil, Republika ng Pilipinas, links=no), * bik, Republika kan Filipinas * ceb, Republika sa Pilipinas * cbk, República de Filipinas * hil, Republ ...

India India, officially the Republic of India (Hindi: ), is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by area, the second-most populous country, and the most populous democracy in the world. Bounded by the Indian Ocean on the so ...

and

Pakistan Pakistan ( ur, ), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan ( ur, , label=none), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's List of countries and dependencies by population, fifth-most populous country, with a population of almost 24 ...

. They are commonly referred to as whistling or barking spiders, due to their ability to

stridulate Stridulation is the act of producing sound by rubbing together certain body parts. This behavior is mostly associated with insects, but other animals are known to do this as well, such as a number of species of fish, snakes and spiders. The mech ...

using lyra hairs.

Diagnosis

In a 2022 paper it was stated that "They can be distinguished from all other tarantula genera by the reduced and shallow apical keel. There is also an absence of dense tufts of retrolateral bristlelike hairs on the tibia and metatarsus of the fourth leg. They stridulate using the maxillae which have lyra hairs, which look somewhat like a

scimitar A scimitar ( or ) is a single-edged sword with a convex curved blade associated with Middle Eastern, South Asian, or North African cultures. A European term, ''scimitar'' does not refer to one specific sword type, but an assortment of different ...

.", citing another article from the previous year. However neither study compare against all Selenocosmia species, therefore it is unknown if this diagnosis holds for all Selenocosmia species.

Species

the genus contains thirty-six species and four subspecies, found in

Asia Asia (, ) is one of the world's most notable geographical regions, which is either considered a continent in its own right or a subcontinent of Eurasia, which shares the continental landmass of Afro-Eurasia with Africa. Asia covers an area ...

, and

Papua New Guinea Papua New Guinea (abbreviated PNG; , ; tpi, Papua Niugini; ho, Papua Niu Gini), officially the Independent State of Papua New Guinea ( tpi, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niugini; ho, Independen Stet bilong Papua Niu Gini), is a country i ...

: * '' Selenocosmia anubis'' Yu, S. Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, Li & Yang, 2021 -

*'' Selenocosmia arndsti'' (

Schmidt Schmidt may refer to: * Schmidt (surname), including list of people with the surname * Schmidt (singer) (born 1990), German pop and jazz singer * Schmidt (lunar crater), a small lunar impact crater * Schmidt (Martian crater), a List of craters on ...

& von Wirth, 1991) –

*'' Selenocosmia aruana''

Strand Strand may refer to: Topography *The flat area of land bordering a body of water, a: ** Beach ** Shoreline *Strand swamp, a type of swamp habitat in Florida Places Africa *Strand, Western Cape, a seaside town in South Africa * Strand Street, ...

, 1911 –

(Aru Is.) *'' Selenocosmia barensteinerae'' (Schmidt, Hettegger & Matthes, 2010) –

Borneo Borneo (; id, Kalimantan) is the third-largest island in the world and the largest in Asia. At the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia, in relation to major Indonesian islands, it is located north of Java, west of Sulawesi, and eas ...

*''

Selenocosmia compta ''Selenocosmia'' is a genus of Theraphosidae, tarantulas that was first described by Anton Ausserer in 1871. The genus is found in China, New Guinea, Indonesia, Australia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, India and Pakista ...

'' Kulczyński, 1911 –

*''

Selenocosmia crassipes ''Selenocosmia crassipes'', synonym ''Phlogius crassipes'', also known as the "Queensland whistling tarantula", "barking spider" or "bird-eating tarantula" is a species of tarantula native to the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The name "whi ...

'' (

L. Koch Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicin ...

, 1874) –

(

Queensland ) , nickname = Sunshine State , image_map = Queensland in Australia.svg , map_caption = Location of Queensland in Australia , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = Australia , established_title = Before federation , established_ ...

) *'' Selenocosmia deliana'' Strand, 1913 –

(

Sumatra Sumatra is one of the Sunda Islands of western Indonesia. It is the largest island that is fully within Indonesian territory, as well as the sixth-largest island in the world at 473,481 km2 (182,812 mi.2), not including adjacent i ...

) *'' Selenocosmia effera'' (

Simon Simon may refer to: People * Simon (given name), including a list of people and fictional characters with the given name Simon * Simon (surname), including a list of people with the surname Simon * Eugène Simon, French naturalist and the genus ...

, 1891) –

(

Moluccas The Maluku Islands (; Indonesian: ''Kepulauan Maluku'') or the Moluccas () are an archipelago in the east of Indonesia. Tectonically they are located on the Halmahera Plate within the Molucca Sea Collision Zone. Geographically they are located eas ...

) *'' Selenocosmia fuliginea'' ( Thorell, 1895) –

*'' Selenocosmia hasselti'' Simon, 1891 –

(

) *'' Selenocosmia hirtipes'' Strand, 1913 –

(

*'' Selenocosmia honesta'' Hirst, 1909 –

*'' Selenocosmia insignis'' (Simon, 1890) –

(

) *'' Selenocosmia javanensis'' (Walckenaer, 1837) ( type) –

(

Sulawesi Sulawesi (), also known as Celebes (), is an island in Indonesia. One of the four Greater Sunda Islands, and the world's eleventh-largest island, it is situated east of Borneo, west of the Maluku Islands, and south of Mindanao and the Sulu Ar ...

) **''Selenocosmia j. brachyplectra'' Kulczyński, 1908 –

(

Java Java (; id, Jawa, ; jv, ꦗꦮ; su, ) is one of the Greater Sunda Islands in Indonesia. It is bordered by the Indian Ocean to the south and the Java Sea to the north. With a population of 151.6 million people, Java is the world's List ...

) **''Selenocosmia j. dolichoplectra'' Kulczyński, 1908 –

(

) **''Selenocosmia j. fulva'' Kulczyński, 1908 –

(

) **''Selenocosmia j. sumatrana'' Thorell, 1890 –

(

) *'' Selenocosmia jiafu'' Zhu & Zhang, 2008 –

*'' Selenocosmia kovariki'' (Schmidt & Krause, 1995) –

*'' Selenocosmia kulluensis''

Chamberlin The Chamberlin is an electro-mechanical keyboard instrument that was a precursor to the Mellotron. It was developed and patented by the American inventor Harry Chamberlin from 1949 to 1956, when the first model was introduced. There are severa ...

, 1917 –

*'' Selenocosmia lanceolata'' Hogg, 1914 –

*'' Selenocosmia lanipes'' Ausserer, 1875 –

(

*'' Selenocosmia longiembola'' Yu, S. Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, Li & Yang, 2021 -

*'' Selenocosmia mittmannae'' (Barensteiner & Wehinger, 2005) –

*'' Selenocosmia papuana'' Kulczyński, 1908 –

*'' Selenocosmia peerboomi'' (Schmidt, 1999) –

*'' Selenocosmia pritami'' Dyal, 1935 –

*'' Selenocosmia qiani'' Yu, S. Y. Zhang, F. Zhang, Li & Yang, 2021-

*'' Selenocosmia raciborskii'' Kulczyński, 1908 –

(

) *'' Selenocosmia samarae'' (Giltay, 1935) –

*'' Selenocosmia similis'' Kulczyński, 1911 –

*''

Selenocosmia stirlingi ''Selenocosmia stirlingi'' is a species of tarantula (family Theraphosidae) that is native to the arid regions of Australia. It is sometimes also referred to as a barking spider or whistling spider as this species, like many tarantulas, can stri ...

'' Hogg, 1901 –

*'' Selenocosmia strenua'' (Thorell, 1881) –

(

) *'' Selenocosmia strubelli'' Strand, 1913 –

(

) and

*'' Selenocosmia sutherlandi'' Gravely, 1935 –

*'' Selenocosmia tahanensis'' Abraham, 1924 –

*'' Selenocosmia valida'' (Thorell, 1881) –

*'' Selenocosmia xinhuaensis'' Zhu & Zhang, 2008 –

*'' Selenocosmia zhangzhengi'' Lin, 2022 -

Formerly included: *''Selenocosmia dichromata'' (Schmidt & von Wirth, 1992) → '' Orphnaecus dichromatus'' *''Selenocosmia hainana'' Liang, Peng, Huang & Chen → ''

Cyriopagopus hainanus ''Cyriopagopus hainanus'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in China. It is one of a number of species from China and Vietnam known as "Chinese bird spider". It produces a venom containing numerous compounds c ...

'' *''Selenocosmia himalayana'' Pocock, 1899 → '' Haplocosmia himalayana'' *''Selenocosmia huwena'' Wang, Peng & Xie, 1993 → ''

Cyriopagopus schmidti ''Cyriopagopus schmidti'' is a species of spider in the family Theraphosidae (tarantulas), found in China and Vietnam. It is one of a number of species known as "Chinese bird spider" and "Chinese earth tiger". ''Haplopelma huwenum'' was synonymi ...

'' *''Selenocosmia imbellis'' (Simon, 1891) → '' Psednocnemis imbellis'' *''Selenocosmia insulana'' Hirst, 1909 → '' Phlogiellus insulanus'' **''Selenocosmia insulana borneoensis'' Schmidt, 2015 → ''Phlogiellus insulanus borneoensis'' *''Selenocosmia nigroventris'' Marx, 1893 → '' Phoneyusa nigroventris'' (

Nomen dubium In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

) *''Selenocosmia obscura'' Hirst, 1909 → '' Phlogiellus obscurus'' *''Selenocosmia orophila'' (Thorell, 1897) → '' Phlogiellus orophilus'' *''Selenocosmia xinping'' Zhu & Zhang, 2008 → '' Phlogiellus xinping''

Nomina dubia In binomial nomenclature, a ''nomen dubium'' (Latin for "doubtful name", plural ''nomina dubia'') is a scientific name that is of unknown or doubtful application. Zoology In case of a ''nomen dubium'' it may be impossible to determine whether a s ...

*''Selenocosmia lyra'' Strand, 1913 *''Selenocosmia subvulpina'' Strand, 1907

References

{{Taxonbar, from=Q2388465 Theraphosidae genera Spiders of Asia Spiders of Oceania Taxa named by Anton Ausserer Theraphosidae

Diagnosis

Species

See also

References