Archdiocese of Glasgow (reign of David I)

The Archdiocese of Glasgow was one of the thirteen (after 1633 fourteen)

diocese In Ecclesiastical polity, church governance, a diocese or bishopric is the ecclesiastical district under the jurisdiction of a bishop. History In the later organization of the Roman Empire, the increasingly subdivided Roman province, pro ...

s of the Scottish church. It was the second largest diocese in the

Kingdom of Scotland The Kingdom of Scotland (; , ) was a sovereign state in northwest Europe traditionally said to have been founded in 843. Its territories expanded and shrank, but it came to occupy the northern third of the island of Great Britain, sharing a la ...

, including

Clydesdale Clydesdale is an archaic name for Lanarkshire, a traditional county in Scotland. The name may also refer to: Sports * Clydesdale F.C., a former football club in Glasgow * Clydesdale RFC, Glasgow, a former rugby union club * Clydesdale RFC, South ...

Teviotdale Roxburghshire or the County of Roxburgh ( gd, Siorrachd Rosbroig) is a historic county and registration county in the Southern Uplands of Scotland. It borders Dumfriesshire to the west, Selkirkshire and Midlothian to the north-west, and Berw ...

, parts of

Tweeddale Tweeddale (Scottish Gaelic: ''Srath Thuaidh/Tuaidhdail'') is a committee area and lieutenancy area in the Scottish Borders council area in south-eastern Scotland. It had also been a province in the Middle Ages. From 1975 to 1996 it was a local gov ...

Liddesdale Liddesdale, the valley of the Liddel Water, in the Roxburghshire, County of Roxburgh, southern Scotland, extends in a south-westerly direction from the vicinity of Peel Fell to the River Esk, Dumfries and Galloway, River Esk, a distance of . The ...

, Annandale,

Nithsdale Nithsdale (''Srath Nid'' in Scottish Gaelic), also known as Strathnith, Stranith or Stranit, is the strath or dale of the River Nith in southern Scotland. Nithsdale was one of the medieval provinces of Scotland. The provinces gradually lost th ...

Cunninghame Cunninghame ( gd, Coineagan) is a former comital district of Scotland and also a district of the Strathclyde Region from 1975 to 1996. Historic Cunninghame The origin of the name (along with the surname ''Cunningham'') is uncertain. The endin ...

Kyle Kyle or Kyles may refer to: Places Canada * Kyle, Saskatchewan, Canada Ireland * Kyle, County Laois * Kyle, County Wexford Scotland * Kyle, Ayrshire, area of Scotland which stretched across parts of modern-day East Ayrshire and South Ayrshir ...

, and

Strathgryfe Strathgryffe or Gryffe Valley ( gd, Srath Ghriobhaidh) is a strath centred on the River Gryffe in the west central Lowlands of Scotland. The River Gryffe passes through the council areas of Inverclyde and Renfrewshire, rising in Kilmacolm and joi ...

, as well as Lennox, Carrick and the part of Galloway known as Desnes. Glasgow became an archbishopric in 1492, eventually securing the dioceses of Galloway, Argyll and the Isles as

suffragan A suffragan bishop is a type of bishop in some Christian denominations. In the Anglican Communion, a suffragan bishop is a bishop who is subordinate to a metropolitan bishop or diocesan bishop (bishop ordinary) and so is not normally jurisdictiona ...

s. The Scottish church broke its allegiance to Rome in 1560, but bishops continued intermittently until 1689.

History

The diocese of Glasgow became important in the 12th century. It was organized by King

David I of Scotland David I or Dauíd mac Maíl Choluim (Modern: ''Daibhidh I mac haoilChaluim''; – 24 May 1153) was a 12th-century ruler who was Prince of the Cumbrians from 1113 to 1124 and later King of Scotland from 1124 to 1153. The youngest son of Malcolm ...

and

John John is a common English name and surname: * John (given name) * John (surname) John may also refer to: New Testament Works * Gospel of John, a title often shortened to John * First Epistle of John, often shortened to 1 John * Second ...

Bishop of Glasgow The Archbishop of Glasgow is an archiepiscopal title that takes its name after the city of Glasgow in Scotland. The position and title were abolished by the Church of Scotland in 1689; and, in the Scottish Episcopal Church, it is now part of the ...

. There had been an earlier religious site the exact age of which is unknown. According to doubtful hagiographical tradition, this ecclesiastical site had been established by

Saint Kentigern Kentigern ( cy, Cyndeyrn Garthwys; la, Kentigernus), known as Mungo, was a missionary in the Brittonic Kingdom of Strathclyde in the late sixth century, and the founder and patron saint of the city of Glasgow. Name In Wales and England, this s ...

. The bishopric became one of the largest and wealthiest in the

, bringing wealth and status to the town. Somewhere between 1175 and 1178 this position was strengthened even further when Bishop Jocelin obtained for the episcopal settlement the status of

burgh A burgh is an autonomous municipal corporation in Scotland and Northern England, usually a city, town, or toun in Scots. This type of administrative division existed from the 12th century, when King David I created the first royal burghs. Burg ...

from King

William the Lion William the Lion, sometimes styled William I and also known by the nickname Garbh, "the Rough"''Uilleam Garbh''; e.g. Annals of Ulster, s.a. 1214.6; Annals of Loch Cé, s.a. 1213.10. ( 1142 – 4 December 1214), reigned as King of Scots from 11 ...

, allowing the settlement to expand with the benefits of trading monopolies and other legal guarantees. Sometime between 1189 and 1195 this status was supplemented by an annual fair, which survives to this day as the

Glasgow Fair The Glasgow Fair is a holiday usually held during the second half of July in Glasgow, Scotland. 'The Fair' is the oldest of similar holidays and dates to the 12th century. The fair's earliest incarnation occurred in 1190, when Bishop Jocelin o ...

. Until 1560, when practice of the Catholic Faith was suppressed by act of the

Parliament of Scotland The Parliament of Scotland ( sco, Pairlament o Scotland; gd, Pàrlamaid na h-Alba) was the legislature of the Kingdom of Scotland from the 13th century until 1707. The parliament evolved during the early 13th century from the king's council o ...

, nearly all the bishops of Glasgow took an active share in the government of the country; whether as chancellors or

treasurers A treasurer is the person responsible for running the treasury of an organization. The significant core functions of a corporate treasurer include cash and liquidity management, risk management, and corporate finance. Government The treasury o ...

of the kingdom or as members of regency during the minority of a sovereign.

Robert Wishart Robert Wishart was Bishop of Glasgow during the Wars of Scottish Independence and a leading supporter of Sir William Wallace and King Robert Bruce. For Wishart and many of his fellow churchmen, the freedom of Scotland and the freedom of the S ...

(consecrated 1272, d. 1316) was conspicuous for his patriotism during the Scottish War of Independence from

England England is a country that is part of the United Kingdom. It shares land borders with Wales to its west and Scotland to its north. The Irish Sea lies northwest and the Celtic Sea to the southwest. It is separated from continental Europe b ...

, and was the close friend of

William Wallace Sir William Wallace ( gd, Uilleam Uallas, ; Norman French: ; 23 August 1305) was a Scottish knight who became one of the main leaders during the First War of Scottish Independence. Along with Andrew Moray, Wallace defeated an English army a ...

and

Robert Bruce Robert I (11 July 1274 – 7 June 1329), popularly known as Robert the Bruce (Scottish Gaelic: ''Raibeart an Bruis''), was King of Scots from 1306 to his death in 1329. One of the most renowned warriors of his generation, Robert eventuall ...

. William Turnbull (consecrated 1447, d. 1454), obtained in 1450 from

Pope Nicholas V Pope Nicholas V ( la, Nicholaus V; it, Niccolò V; 13 November 1397 – 24 March 1455), born Tommaso Parentucelli, was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 6 March 1447 until his death in March 1455. Pope Eugene IV, Po ...

the charter of foundation for the

University of Glasgow , image = UofG Coat of Arms.png , image_size = 150px , caption = Coat of arms Flag , latin_name = Universitas Glasguensis , motto = la, Via, Veritas, Vita , ...

. On 9 January 1492,

Pope Innocent VIII Pope Innocent VIII ( la, Innocentius VIII; it, Innocenzo VIII; 1432 – 25 July 1492), born Giovanni Battista Cybo (or Cibo), was head of the Catholic Church and ruler of the Papal States from 29 August 1484 to his death in July 1492. Son of th ...

raised the see to

metropolitan Metropolitan may refer to: * Metropolitan area, a region consisting of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding territories * Metropolitan borough, a form of local government district in England * Metropolitan county, a typ ...

rank, attaching to it the

suffragan diocese A suffragan diocese is one of the dioceses other than the metropolitan archdiocese that constitute an ecclesiastical province. It exists in some Christian denominations, in particular the Catholic Church, the Coptic Orthodox Church of Alexandria ...

s of Argyle, Dunblane, Dunkeld, and Galloway.

James Beaton James Beaton (or Bethune) (1473–1539) was a Roman Catholic Scottish church leader, the uncle of David Cardinal Beaton and the Keeper of the Great Seal of Scotland. Life James Beaton was the sixth and youngest son of John Beaton of Balfour, ...

, nephew of the celebrated

Cardinal Cardinal or The Cardinal may refer to: Animals * Cardinal (bird) or Cardinalidae, a family of North and South American birds **''Cardinalis'', genus of cardinal in the family Cardinalidae **''Cardinalis cardinalis'', or northern cardinal, the ...

David Beaton David Beaton (also Beton or Bethune; 29 May 1546) was Archbishop of St Andrews and the last Scotland, Scottish Cardinal (Catholicism), cardinal prior to the Scottish Reformation, Reformation. Career Cardinal Beaton was the sixth and youngest ...

, was the fourth and last

archbishop In Christian denominations, an archbishop is a bishop of higher rank or office. In most cases, such as the Catholic Church, there are many archbishops who either have jurisdiction over an ecclesiastical province in addition to their own archdi ...

of the old hierarchy. In 1560, eight years after his nomination, he was forced to retire to

France France (), officially the French Republic ( ), is a country primarily located in Western Europe. It also comprises of Overseas France, overseas regions and territories in the Americas and the Atlantic Ocean, Atlantic, Pacific Ocean, Pac ...

, where he acted as confidential agent of

Mary, Queen of Scots Mary, Queen of Scots (8 December 1542 – 8 February 1587), also known as Mary Stuart or Mary I of Scotland, was Queen of Scotland from 14 December 1542 until her forced abdication in 1567. The only surviving legitimate child of James V of Scot ...

, and later openly as ambassador for

James VI James is a common English language surname and given name: *James (name), the typically masculine first name James * James (surname), various people with the last name James James or James City may also refer to: People * King James (disambiguat ...

, till his death in

Paris Paris () is the capital and most populous city of France, with an estimated population of 2,165,423 residents in 2019 in an area of more than 105 km² (41 sq mi), making it the 30th most densely populated city in the world in 2020. S ...

, 25 April 1603. He carried away with him the diocesan records, two of which deserve special mention: (1) "Registrum Vetus Ecclesiae Cathedralis Glasguensis", in handwriting of the twelfth and thirteenth centuries, and (2) "Liber Ruber Ecclesiae Glasguensis", with entries from about 1400 to 1476. These, along with other records, were in 1843 printed in a volume for the

Maitland Club The Maitland Club was a Scottish historical and literary club and text publication society, modelled on the Roxburghe Club and the Bannatyne Club. It took its name from Sir Richard Maitland (later Lord Lethington), the Scottish poet. The club was ...

under the title: "Registrum Episcopatus Glasguensis: Munimenta Ecclesiae Metropolitanae Glasguensis a sede restauratâ saeculo ineunte XII ad reformatam religionem". A more splendid memorial of those times still remains in the old cathedral of St. Mungo, which was begun by Bishop Jocelyn (consecrated 1175, d. 1199) and received its last additions from Archbishop Blackader (consecr. 1484, d. 1508).

Restoration

In 1828, as part of the

Restoration of the Scottish hierarchy The re-establishment of the hierarchy of the Catholic Church in Scotland took effect on 15 March 1878. This followed the restoration of the English hierarchy in 1850. The restoration was carried out on the instructions of Pope Leo XIII and was ...

, the

Holy See The Holy See ( lat, Sancta Sedes, ; it, Santa Sede ), also called the See of Rome, Petrine See or Apostolic See, is the jurisdiction of the Pope in his role as the bishop of Rome. It includes the apostolic episcopal see of the Diocese of Rome ...

erected the Western District or Vicariate of Scotland, and the first

vicar Apostolic A vicar (; Latin: ''vicarius'') is a representative, deputy or substitute; anyone acting "in the person of" or agent for a superior (compare "vicarious" in the sense of "at second hand"). Linguistically, ''vicar'' is cognate with the English pref ...

to reside in Glasgow was Andrew Scott, Bishop of Eretria (b. 1772, d, 1846). He was succeeded by John Murdoch, Bishop of Castabala (b. 1796, d. 1865) and John Gray, Bishop of Hypsopolis (b. 1817, d. 1872). On the resignation of Bishop Gray in 1869

Charles Petre Eyre Charles Petre Eyre (1817–1902) was a Roman Catholic clergyman who was appointed the first Roman Catholic archbishop of Glasgow since the Scottish Reformation. He served as archbishop from 1878 to 1902. Family Born at Askham Bryan Hall, Askham ...

(b. 1817, d. 1902) was consecrated Archbishop of Anazarba and appointed administrator Apostolic. On the

Pope Leo XIII Pope Leo XIII ( it, Leone XIII; born Vincenzo Gioacchino Raffaele Luigi Pecci; 2 March 1810 – 20 July 1903) was the head of the Catholic Church from 20 February 1878 to his death in July 1903. Living until the age of 93, he was the second-old ...

, 4 March 1878, the Archbishopric of Glasgow was re-established, and Archbishop Eyre was transferred to the restored see.

Bishops and archbishops

Parishes

Parishes listed by deanery: Annandale * Annan * Applegarth * Brydekirk (St Brigit) * Carruthers *

Castlemilk Castlemilk ( gd, Caisteal Mheilc) is a district of Glasgow, Scotland. It lies to the far south of the city centre, adjacent to the Croftfoot and Simshill residential areas within the city to the north-west, the town of Rutherglen - neighbourhoo ...

* Corrie *

Cummertrees Cummertrees is a coastal village and civil parish In England, a civil parish is a type of administrative parish used for local government. It is a territorial designation which is the lowest tier of local government below districts and cou ...

* Dalton Magna * Dalton Parva *

Dornock Dornock is a small Scottish village in Dumfries and Galloway, situated about west of Eastriggs and east of Annan. Dornock is built on land which is above sea level. Dornock Burn runs east of the village and the railway between Annan and ...

Dryfesdale Dryfesdale ( ) is a civil parish of the council area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is part of the county of Dumfriesshire. Overview The parish church of Dryfesdale, located in the centre of Lockerbie, was dedicated to St Cuthbert. ...

(St Cuthbert) *

Ecclefechan Ecclefechan (Scottish Gaelic: ''Eaglais Fheichein'') is a small village located in Dumfries and Galloway in the south of Scotland. The village is famous for being the birthplace of Thomas Carlyle. Ecclefechan lies in the valley of the Mein Wate ...

* Gretna *

Hoddom Hoddom is a small settlement and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, dating back to the 8th century. Location Hoddom is 13 miles by road East of Dumfries and 5 miles South of Lockerbie. History The earliest reference to Hoddom i ...

* Hutton Magna * Hutton Parva * Johnstone * Kirkconnell (St Connall) ''independent parsonage'' * Kirkpatrick Fleming (St Patrick) * Kirkpatrick Juxta (St Patick) *

Lochmaben Lochmaben ( Gaelic: ''Loch Mhabain'') is a small town and civil parish in Scotland, and site of a castle. It lies west of Lockerbie, in Dumfries and Galloway. By the 12th century the Bruce family had become the local landowners and, in the 14th ...

* Luce *

Middlebie Middlebie is a hamlet and parish in the historic county of Dumfriesshire in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. It is approximately east of Ecclefechan, and north-east of Annan, on the banks of the Middlebie Burn. Middlebie Parish c ...

Moffat Moffat ( gd, Mofad) is a burgh and parish in Dumfriesshire, now part of the Dumfries and Galloway local authority area in Scotland. It lies on the River Annan, with a population of around 2,500. It was a centre of the wool trade and a spa town. ...

Mouswald Mouswald is a rural village slightly east of Dumfries in south-west Scotland. It lies on the B724 south of the A75. The site views southward over the Solway Firth. History A Scandinavian settlement began here in the 9th century and the name Mous ...

* Pennersaughs * Redkirk (St Patrick) *

Ruthwell Ruthwell is a village and parish on the Solway Firth between Dumfries and Annan in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Thomas Randolph, Earl of Moray, gave Ruthwell to his nephew, Sir William Murray, confirmed to Sir John Murray, of Cockpool, in ...

* Sibbaldbie (St James) * Trailtrow * Tundergarth * Wamphray Carrick *

Ballantrae Ballantrae is a community in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. The name probably comes from the Scottish Gaelic ''Baile na Tràgha'', meaning the "town by the beach". Ballantrae has a primary school. The beach consists of shingle and sand an ...

(St Cuthbert) * Colmonell or Kilcolmonell (St Colmán Elo) *

Dailly Dailly ( gd, Dail Mhaol Chiarain) is a village in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It is located on the Water of Girvan, south of Maybole, and east of Old Dailly. "New Dailly", as it was originally known, was laid out in the 1760s as a coal-mining vil ...

(St Ciaran) *

Girvan Girvan ( gd, Inbhir Gharbhain, "mouth of the River Girvan") is a burgh and harbour town in Carrick, South Ayrshire, Scotland. Girvan is situated on the east coast of the Firth of Clyde, with a population of about 6,450. It lies south of Ayr, ...

* Kirkbride (St Brigit) * Kirkmichael (St Michael) * Kirkoswald (St Oswald) *

Maybole Maybole is a town and former burgh of barony and police burgh in South Ayrshire, Scotland. It had an estimated population of in . It is situated south of Ayr and southwest of Glasgow by the Glasgow and South Western Railway. The town is bypass ...

Straiton Straiton is a village on the River Girvan in South Ayrshire in Scotland, mainly built in the 18th century, but with some recent housing. It was the main location for the film '' The Match,'' where two rival pubs played against each other in a ...

Dessenes * Colmonell (St Colmán Elo) *

Colvend Colvend and Southwick is a community council area and civil parish within the Stewartry area of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. It is also part of the Church of Scotland parish of Colvend, Southwick and Kirkbean. It is in the historic county ...

Kirkbean Kirkbean ( gd, Cille Bheathain) is a Scottish village and civil parish on the Solway Firth, in the historic county of Kirkcudbrightshire and council area of Dumfries and Galloway. In the 2001 census, the four small villages making up the parish ...

(St Bean) * Kirkbride or Blaikit (St Brigit) *

Kirkgunzeon Kirkgunȝeon ( gd, Cill Fhionnain) is a village and civil parish in Dumfries and Galloway, south west Scotland. The village is south west of Dumfries and north east of Dalbeattie. The civil parish is in the former county of Kirkcudbrightshire, ...

(St Finian) * Kirkpatrick Durham (St Patrick) * Kirkpatrick Irongray (St Patrick) * Lochrutton * New Abbey * Southwick * Terregles * Urr (St Constantine) Eskdale *

Canonbie Canonbie ( gd, Canonbaidh) is a small village in Dumfriesshire within the local authority area of Dumfries and Galloway in Scotland, south of Langholm and north of the Anglo-Scottish border. It is on the A7 road from Carlisle to Edinburgh, and ...

Eskdalemuir Eskdalemuir is a civil parish and small village in Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland, with a population of 265.

* Ewes (St Martin) * Kirkandrews on Esk (St Andrew) * Overkirk of Ewes (St Cuthbert) * Staplegorton * Wauchope * Westerkirk Kyle and Cunningham * Ardrossan * Auchinleck * Ayr * Barnweil * Beith * Coylton * Craigie * Cumbrae * Dalmellington * Dalry * Dalrymple * Dreghorn * Dundonald (St Giles) * Dunlop * Fenwick * Galston * Irvine * Kilbirnie (St Brendan) * Kilmarnock (St Ernan) * Kilmaurs (St Maura) * Kilwinning * Largs (St Columba) * Loudoun * Mauchline * Monkton (St Cuthbert) * New Cumnock * Ochiltree * Old Cumnock * Pierston * Prestwick St Nicholas (St Nicholas) * Riccarton * St Quivox * Stevenson (St Monachus) * Stewarton * Symington * Tarbolton * West Kilbride (St Brigit) Lanark * Biggar * Carluke (St Loesuc ?) * Carmichael (St Michael ?) * Carnwath * Carstairs * Covington * Crawford (St Constantine) * Crawfordjohn * Culter * Dolphinton * Douglas * Dunsyre * East Kilbride (St Brigit) * Lamington (St Finian ?) * Lanark (St Kentigern) * Lesmahagow (St Fechin) * Libberton * Nemphlar * Pettinain * Quothquhan * Roberton * Stonehouse * Symington * Thankerton (St John) * Walston * Wandel * Wiston Lennox * Antermony * Baldernock * Balfron * Bonhill * Buchanan (St Kentigern) * Campsie * Cardross * Drymen (St Columba ?) * Dumbarton * Fintry * Killearn * Kilmaronock (St Ronan) * Kilsyth * Kirkintilloch * Luss (St Kessog) * New Kilpatrick * Old Kilpatrick * Rhu * Rosneath * Strathblane Nithsdale * Caerlaverock * Closeburn (St Osbern ?) * Dalgarnock * Dumfries * Dumgree * Dunscore (St Cairbre) * Durisdeer * Garvald * Glencairn * Holywood * Kirkbride (St Brigit) * Kirkconnell (St Conall) * Kirkmahoe (St Kentigern) * Morton * Penpont * Sanquhar * Tinwald * Torthorwald * Trailflat * Troqueer * Tynron Peebles * Broughton (St Lolan) * Drumelzier * Eddleston * Ettrick * Glenholm (St Cuthbert) * Innerleithen * Kailzie * Kilbucho (St Beoga) * Kirkurd * Lyne * Manor * Newlands * Peebles * Skirling * Stobo * Traquair * West Linton * Yarrow (St Mary) Rutherglen * Avondale (St Mary) * Blantyre * Bothwell (St Bride) * Cadder * Cambuslang * Cambusnethan * Carmunnock * Cathcart (St Oswald) * Dalserf or Machanshire * Dalziel * Eaglesham * Eastwood * Erskine * Glasgow (St Kentigern) * Glassford * Govan (St Constantine) * Hamilton * Houston (St Peter) * Inchinnan * Inverkip * Kilbarchan (St Berchan) * Killellan (St Fillan) * Kilmacolm (St Columba) * Lochwinnoch (St Finan) * Mearns * Neilston * New Monkland * Old Monkland * Paisley (St Mirren) * Pollock * Port Glasgow * Renfrew * Rutherglen * Shotts * Torrance Teviotdale * Abbotrule * Ancrum * Ashkirk * Bedrule * Bowden * Castletown (St Martin) * Cavers Magna * Cavers Parva * Crailing * Eckford * Ettleton * Galashiels * Hassendean (St Kentigern) * Hawick * Hobkirk * Hownam * Jedburgh * Kelso * Lampitlaw * Lilliesleaf * Linton * Longnewton * Maxton * Maxwell * Melrose * Minto * Morebattle * Mow * Nisbet * Old Roxburgh * Oxnam * Rankilburn * Roxburgh (Holy Sepulchre) * Roxburgh (St James) * Selkirk Abbatis * Selkirk Regis * Southdean * Sprouston * St Boswells (St Bosil) * Wheelkirk * Wilton * Yetholm

References

External links

Glasgow Cathedral Precinct
- Provides an extensive history of the pre-Reformation diocese. {{Catholic Church in Scotland Christianity in Glasgow

Glasgow Glasgow ( ; sco, Glesca or ; gd, Glaschu ) is the most populous city in Scotland and the fourth-most populous city in the United Kingdom, as well as being the 27th largest city by population in Europe. In 2020, it had an estimated popul ...

1492 establishments in Scotland 1689 disestablishments in Scotland