The Second Malón de la Paz was a protest march of
aboriginals of
northwestern Argentina
Argentina (), officially the Argentine Republic ( es, link=no, República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, th ...
, demanding the restitution of their ancient lands. It started on 7 August 2006 in the province of
Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in Argentine Northwest, northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Depa ...
.
''Malón'' is a word derived from
Mapudungun
Mapuche (, Mapuche & Spanish: , or Mapudungun; from ' 'land' and ' 'speak, speech') is an Araucanian language related to Huilliche spoken in south-central Chile and west-central Argentina by the Mapuche people (from ''mapu'' 'land' and ''che ...
and refers to a surprise incursion, as practised by the native tribes attacking creole settlements in the past. Therefore the expression means "Peace Incursion". The first ''
Malón de la Paz'' was a 2,000 km march from Jujuy to
Buenos Aires
Buenos Aires ( or ; ), officially the Autonomous City of Buenos Aires ( es, link=no, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires), is the capital and primate city of Argentina. The city is located on the western shore of the Río de la Plata, on South ...
in 1946, to present land and human rights claims to President
Juan Perón
Juan Domingo Perón (, , ; 8 October 1895 – 1 July 1974) was an Argentine Army general and politician. After serving in several government positions, including Minister of Labour and Vice President of a military dictatorship, he was elected P ...
.
The Second Malón de la Paz was triggered by the long delay and refusal of the provincial government of Jujuy to comply with a judicial order granting the indigenous communities 15,000 km² of land. An assembly of members of different communities gathered in
Abra Pampa, 200 km north of
San Salvador de Jujuy
San Salvador de Jujuy (), commonly known as Jujuy and locally often referred to as San Salvador, is the capital and largest city of Jujuy Province in northwest Argentina. Also, it is the seat of the Doctor Manuel Belgrano Department. It lies near ...
(the same place where, 60 years before, the first Malón started). Following the resolutions of the assembly, a number of delegates from the communities scattered around the province marched from the
Quebrada de Humahuaca
The Quebrada de Humahuaca is a narrow mountain valley located in the province of Jujuy in northwest Argentina, north of Buenos Aires (). It is about long, oriented north–south, bordered by the Altiplano in the west and north, by the Sub-Andean ...
to
Purmamarca
Purmamarca is a town in the Tumbaya Department of the Jujuy Province in Argentina.
Etymology
The name of the town can be interpreted as the combination of Aymara language words purma (desert) and marca (city), though desert in that language ca ...
(60 km north of the provincial capital).
After a new assembly, on 8 August around 1,000 people blockaded National Routes
16 and
9, and demanded to be heard by governor
Eduardo Fellner
Eduardo Alfredo Fellner (born 16 June 1954) is an Argentine Peronist politician. He was President of the Argentine Chamber of Deputies and governor of Jujuy Province for two terms.
Life and times
Fellner was born in Río Tercero, Córdoba, and w ...
. The blockade is slated to last indefinitely.
History
The first Malón de Paz was not well received by the national government. Although the marchers got the attention and support of the people in the way, as well as formal acknowledgment by President Perón, they were soon expelled from Buenos Aires empty-handed. Only three years later, in 1949, the national government expropriated some lands to be granted to the indigenous communities, but the cession was never performed.
The
1994 reform of the Argentine Constitution recognized the rights of the "originary peoples" to own their ancient lands. According to the delegates of the communities, in 1996 the national government started sending funds to Jujuy to handle the surveys and paperwork needed to make the lands property of the originary communities, but only 7 out of 123 collective property titles have been granted to them.
On 2 May 2003, justice ordered that the papers had to be delivered within no more than 15 months. The provincial government appealed the decision. The originary communities were displeased by this, and sent a letter to President
Néstor Kirchner
Néstor Carlos Kirchner (; 25 February 195027 October 2010) was an Argentine lawyer and politician who served as the President of Argentina from 2003 to 2007, Governor of Santa Cruz Province from 1991 to 2003, Secretary General of UNASUR and ...
. The drastic measure of blocking national roads was called by the press "an ultimatum" to the provincial authorities.
References
* Página/12. 9 August 2006
''Un doble corte de rutas en Jujuy por el reclamo indígena de tierras''
See also
*
Demographics of Argentina
This is a demography of Argentina including population density, ethnicity, economic status and other aspects of the population.
In the , Argentina had a population of 40,117,096 inhabitants, and preliminary results from the counted 47,327,407 ...
*
History of Argentina
The history of Argentina can be divided into four main parts: the pre-Columbian time or early history (up to the sixteenth century), the colonial period (1536–1809), the period of nation-building (1810–1880), and the history of modern Argenti ...
*
Indigenous peoples of the Americas
The Indigenous peoples of the Americas are the inhabitants of the Americas before the arrival of the European settlers in the 15th century, and the ethnic groups who now identify themselves with those peoples.
Many Indigenous peoples of the A ...
{{DEFAULTSORT:Second Malon de la Paz
Presidency of Néstor Kirchner
Indigenous peoples in Argentina
Marching
2006 in Argentina
Indigenous rights