Second 'Ndrangheta War

The Second 'Ndrangheta war was an internal struggle in the 'Ndrangheta, a criminal organisation in Calabria (southern Italy). The conflict raged from 1985–1991 in Reggio Calabria. Practically all the 'ndrine in Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions: the Condello, Imerti, Serraino and Rosmini clans on one side, and the De Stefano, Tegano, Libri and Latella clans on the other.

Background

The background of the war was a struggle over public contracts in relation with the announced construction of a bridge linking Calabria and Sicily over the Strait of Messina between Reggio Calabria and Messina. An additional motive was the attempt of the De Stefano clan to encroach on the territory of the Imertis in Villa San Giovanni, a town facing the city of Messina across the narrow strait. Gratteri & Nicaso, ''Fratelli di Sangue'', pp. 65-68

Start of the conflict

The feud was triggered by the marriage between Giuseppina Condello – the sister of the Condello brothers, underbosses of De Stefano – and Antonio Imerti, the leader of a neighbouring '''ndrina'' in Villa San Giovanni. The boss Paolo De Stefano became fearful of the new alliance that might challenge his power base. The conflict exploded in 1985, two years after the marriage and saw practically all the 'ndrine in the city of Reggio Calabria grouped into either one of two opposing factions.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', pp. 88-89 The De Stefano clan prepared itself for the fight through another marriage, between Orazio De Stefano, Paolo's younger brother, and Antonietta Benestare, niece of the boss Giovanni Tegano. Celebrated on December 2, 1985, the wedding sealed the alliance between the de Stefanos and the powerful Tegano clan.

The war started with a car bomb attack on Antonio Imerti in Villa San Giovanni, on October 11, 1985, which left three of his bodyguards dead. Imerti was caught as he left the building of the insurance company he ran in the shadows.Si e' salvato soltanto il boss
La Repubblica, October 13, 1985 Two days later Imerti retaliated when his affiliates ambushed and killed Paolo De Stefano and one of his bodyguards on October 13, 1985.
La Repubblica, October 15, 1985 The brothers Paolo and Domenico Condello were arrested in January 1988 for killing De Stefano.Catturati a Reggio Calabria i killer del boss De Stefano
La Repubblica, January 7, 1988

Domenico Libri succeeded De Stefano as the leader of the alliance with Giovanni Tegano.Preso il numero uno della 'ndrangheta
La Repubblica, September 17, 1992 Libri became one of the principal targets of the opposing clans. While in prison a sniper killed his son Pasquale Rocco Libri in September 1988, as he was strolling in the prison yard. Six months later, in March 1989, a sniper just missed Libri, surrounded by Carabinieri, when he was leaving the court in Reggio Calabria where he had to appear in a trial against the 'Ndrangheta.
La Repubblica, March 18, 1989

Peace

After nearly six years the war had neither winners nor losers. A peace for the bloody feud was brokered in September 1991 on the instigation of Domenico Libri and the Teganos. The conflict was settled with the help of other 'Ndrangheta bosses. Antonio Nirta, head of the San Luca locale vouched for the De Stefano-Tegano and Libri, while Antonio Mammoliti vouched for the Condello-Imerti clan. Another mediator for the ' pax mafiosa' was Domenico Alvaro, head of the locale of Sinopoli.Sentenza procedimento penale Olimpia
Tribunale di Reggio Calabria, January 19, 1999

According to several turncoats (pentiti), the Sicilian Mafia was also involved in the peace process as well as 'Ndrangheta bosses from Canada, such as Joe Imerti from Toronto, a cousin of Antonio Imerti, and one of the Zito clan in Canada. According to the ''pentito'' Pasquale Barreca, a former member of the De Stefano clan, "the role of Cosa Nostra was decisive for the conclusion of the war."Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', pp. 61-62 According to the ''pentito'' Francesco Fonti, it was Leoluca Bagarella who represented the interests of Cosa Nostra.

Casualties

The number of fatalities of the war varies between 500 and more than 1,000. In those six years, 1,038 murders were reported in the province of Reggio Calabria, more than half (564) were certainly attributable to the conflict.Paoli, ''Mafia Brotherhoods'', p. 60 According to the Antimafia Commission of the Italian Parliament, 621 people were killed as a result of the feud.Godfather's arrest fuels fear of bloody conflict
The Observer, February 24, 2008
La Repubblica, February 19, 2008Relazione annuale
Commissione parlamentare d’inchiesta sul fenomeno della criminalità organizzata mafiosa o similare, July 30, 2003

Aftermath

The Sicilian Mafia contributed to the end of the conflict and probably suggested the subsequent set up of a superordinate body, similar to the Sicilian Mafia Commission, to avoid further infighting. Called '' La Provincia'' (the Province) the new collegial body is composed of three lower bodies, known as mandamenti. One for the clans on the Ionic side (the mountains and Locride) of Calabria, a second for the Tyrrhenian side (the plains of Gioia Tauro) and one for the city of Reggio Calabria.

See also

* First 'Ndrangheta war

References

* Gratteri, Nicola & Antonio Nicaso (2006).
Fratelli di Sangue
', Cosenza: Luigi Pellegrini Editore
*Paoli, Letizia (2003).

External references

Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style
', New York: Oxford University Press

by Klaus Von Lampe)

by Alexandra V. Orlova)

{{DEFAULTSORT:Ndrangheta war, Second
Conflicts in 1985
Conflicts in 1986
Conflicts in 1987
Conflicts in 1988
Conflicts in 1989
Conflicts in 1990
Conflicts in 1991
History of the 'Ndrangheta
Organized crime conflicts in Italy