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''Sea Serpent'' was an 1850 extreme
clipper A clipper was a type of mid-19th-century merchant sailing vessel, designed for speed. Clippers were generally narrow for their length, small by later 19th century standards, could carry limited bulk freight, and had a large total sail area. "C ...
that sailed in the San Francisco trade, the China trade, and the transatlantic lumber trade. She was one of the longest lived clippers, with a service life of 36 years and 5 months.


Race to San Francisco, 1851

''Sea Serpent'' raced ''
Stag Hound ''Stag Hound'' was launched on December 7, 1850 in East Boston, Massachusetts. Designed by shipbuilder Donald McKay for the California trade, she was briefly the largest merchant ship in the world. She was in active service from 1851 until her tot ...
'' and ''John Bertram'' from
New York City New York, often called New York City or NYC, is the List of United States cities by population, most populous city in the United States. With a 2020 population of 8,804,190 distributed over , New York City is also the L ...
to
San Francisco San Francisco (; Spanish language, Spanish for "Francis of Assisi, Saint Francis"), officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the commercial, financial, and cultural center of Northern California. The city proper is the List of Ca ...
in 1851. ''Stag Hound'' arrived in 107 days. ''Sea Serpent'' made a 125-day passage, having had to put into Valparaiso eight days for repairs.


Tea Race with ''Crest of the Wave''

''Sea Serpent'' sailed from
Shanghai Shanghai (; , , Standard Mandarin pronunciation: ) is one of the four direct-administered municipalities of the People's Republic of China (PRC). The city is located on the southern estuary of the Yangtze River, with the Huangpu River flow ...
for
London London is the capital and largest city of England and the United Kingdom, with a population of just under 9 million. It stands on the River Thames in south-east England at the head of a estuary down to the North Sea, and has been a majo ...
in company with the British clipper ''Crest of the Wave''. A premium of thirty shillings a ton, over and above the amount of the freight, had been offered to the vessel first in, and this was quite sufficient inducement for both skippers to crack on. The two ships were fairly near together all the way home, and they actually hove to for pilots, off the Isle of Wight, within an hour of each other. The American captain determined that he would not be outdone by the Britisher, so leaving his ship in the hands of the mate, he came ashore in the boat that brought out his pilot, took the steamer from Cowes to Southampton, and the train up to Waterloo. From thence he took a cab to the Custom-house, and reported the ''Sea Serpent'' as "arrived," while each ship was carrying on all she knew in order to get into the Thames before the other.


Fast passage between Whampoa and Anjer

In 1853, ''Sea Serpent'' "sailed from Whampoa Reach to New York in 101 days. The 29 days passage from Whampoa to Anjer was the fastest made that season."


Description of ''Sea Serpent'' and tea clippers at Whampoa

About 1850-51, the upper anchorage at Whampoa Reach, below Canton, was a sight to be remembered by those who loved to look at beautiful ships, and the 'tea-fleet' was gathered waiting for 'the new crop.' There, moored in line, were the ''Sam Russell,'' the ''Sea-Serpent,'' the '' Challenge,'' the '' Flying Cloud,'' the ''
Sea Witch Witchcraft traditionally means the use of magic or supernatural powers to harm others. A practitioner is a witch. In medieval and early modern Europe, where the term originated, accused witches were usually women who were believed to have us ...
,'' and half a dozen others, bright with paint and varnish and gilding, and their bottoms well cleaned of
barnacles A barnacle is a type of arthropod constituting the subclass Cirripedia in the subphylum Crustacea, and is hence related to crabs and lobsters. Barnacles are exclusively marine, and tend to live in shallow and tidal waters, typically in eros ...
by the swift muddy current of fresh water ... They scrubbed
copper Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu (from la, cuprum) and atomic number 29. It is a soft, malleable, and ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. A freshly exposed surface of pure copper has a pinkis ...
,
holystone Holystone is a soft and brittle sandstone that was formerly used in the Royal Navy and US Navy for scrubbing and whitening the wooden decks of ships. A variety of origins have been proposed for the term, including that such stones were taken fro ...
d decks, squared the yards by the lifts and braces, and hoisted and lowered colors in unison with the American
man-of-war The man-of-war (also man-o'-war, or simply man) was a Royal Navy expression for a powerful warship or frigate from the 16th to the 19th century. Although the term never acquired a specific meaning, it was usually reserved for a ship armed wi ...
which happened to be stationed there ... "But one day, in the 'cool weather,' there would come a sudden change. Our clipper friends had men
aloft This list of ship directions provides succinct definitions for terms applying to spatial orientation in a marine environment or location on a vessel, such as ''fore'', ''aft'', ''astern'', ''aboard'', or ''topside''. Terms * Abaft (preposition ...
, bending sails ... and all readiness was made for sea. About noon the great covered chop-boats came down the stream, with immense chattering of men and all sorts of fuss ... Stages were rigged, and the chests and half-chests came on board and were stowed away like magic, for the ship's capacity had been exactly measured beforehand, and each chest or half-chest fitted into place like a piece in a Chinese puzzle. These large ships were thus loaded in a few hours. Each chest had two slips of bamboo ... As they came over the gangways one slip was seized by an officer of the vessel, the other by a Chinese comprador, and thus 'tally' was kept. The crew of the vessel had no need to go into the hold, the Chinese
stevedore A stevedore (), also called a longshoreman, a docker or a dockworker, is a waterfront manual laborer who is involved in loading and unloading ships, trucks, trains or airplanes. After the shipping container revolution of the 1960s, the number o ...
s made all snug; and then the hatches were put on and the hatch-covers well battened down, while, without delay, sail was made, the anchor weighed, and the Chinese
pilot An aircraft pilot or aviator is a person who controls the flight of an aircraft by operating its directional flight controls. Some other aircrew members, such as navigators or flight engineers, are also considered aviators, because they a ...
took charge to get her ... to sea as soon as possible; for in no business was time more synonymous with money than in the race with the 'new crop.' "It was a sight to see the handling of those ships as they " backed and filled" and tided down the Reaches, sometimes almost grazing the quarter of a vessel at anchor; and, again, just escaping the tail of a mud-bank, while the grizzled old pig-tailed pilot took his bearings, squinted aloft, and in his own pidgeon-English said, 'Haul down jib! ... Shiver the mizzen-topsail! Throw her flat aback!'


Loss of the ship

On June 12, 1891, on a voyage from
Dublin Dublin (; , or ) is the capital and largest city of Republic of Ireland, Ireland. On a bay at the mouth of the River Liffey, it is in the Provinces of Ireland, province of Leinster, bordered on the south by the Dublin Mountains, a part of th ...
to
Quebec Quebec ( ; )According to the Canadian government, ''Québec'' (with the acute accent) is the official name in Canadian French and ''Quebec'' (without the accent) is the province's official name in Canadian English is one of the thirtee ...
with a cargo of timber, she was abandoned at sea at 46° N, 40°W. The crew of 17 left the ship in boats, and was picked up by the bark '' Gulnare''. On October 18, 1891, the barque ''Ardgowan'' sighted ''Sea Serpent'' at 45°N, 24°W. She drifted in 93 days, and was sighted 19 times before disappearing.


References


Further reading

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External links


''Sea Serpent - Stag Hound''
The Era of the Clipper Ships
Captain Jacob D. Whitmore
died at sea on ''Sea Serpent'', 1860
A Day at St. Helena"> A Day at St. Helena
excursion of three ''Sea Serpent'' passengers
Progress – kanskje Holmestrands mest berømte skute?
Translated: Progress – maybe Holmestrands most famous ship? Page is in norwegian. {{coord, 46, N, 40, W, display=title Tea clippers California clippers Lumber ships Individual sailing vessels Ships built in New Hampshire Age of Sail merchant ships of the United States Merchant ships of the United States Merchant ships of Norway Shipwrecks in the Atlantic Ocean Missing ships Maritime incidents in 1891 1850 ships Extreme clippers