family
Family (from la, familia) is a Social group, group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or Affinity (law), affinity (by marriage or other relationship). The purpose of the family is to maintain the well-being of its ...
, Kyphosidae, of fishes in the order
Perciformes
Perciformes (), also called the Percomorpha or Acanthopteri, is an order or superorder of ray-finned fish. If considered a single order, they are the most numerous order of vertebrates, containing about 41% of all bony fish. Perciformes means ...
native to the
Atlantic
The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest of the world's five oceans, with an area of about . It covers approximately 20% of Earth's surface and about 29% of its water surface area. It is known to separate the " Old World" of Africa, Europe an ...
,
Indian
Indian or Indians may refer to:
Peoples South Asia
* Indian people, people of Indian nationality, or people who have an Indian ancestor
** Non-resident Indian, a citizen of India who has temporarily emigrated to another country
* South Asia ...
and
Pacific
The Pacific Ocean is the largest and deepest of Earth's five oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the Southern Ocean (or, depending on definition, to Antarctica) in the south, and is bounded by the continen ...
Oceans usually close to shore in marine waters.
Subfamilies and genera
The four subfamilies with 12 genera in this family are:
*
Girellinae
The Girellinae are a subfamily of fish in the sea chub family. They may be referred to as nibblers.
Species
The species in two genera are:
* Genus ''Girella''
** '' Girella albostriata'' (Steindachner, 1898)
** '' Girella cyanea'' (Macleay, 1 ...
Gill
A gill () is a respiratory organ that many aquatic organisms use to extract dissolved oxygen from water and to excrete carbon dioxide. The gills of some species, such as hermit crabs, have adapted to allow respiration on land provided they are ...
, 1862 (nibblers)
** Genus ''
Girella
''Girella'' is a genus of sea chubs mostly native to the Pacific Ocean with a smaller presence in the Atlantic oceans.
Species
There are currently 18 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Girella albostriata'' Steindachner, 1898
* ''Girella cy ...
''
Gray
Grey (more common in British English) or gray (more common in American English) is an intermediate color between black and white. It is a neutral or achromatic color, meaning literally that it is "without color", because it can be composed o ...
, 1835
** Genus ''
Graus (genus)
''Graus nigra'' is a species of sea chub endemic to the Pacific coast of South America, ranging from Valdivia in Chile to southern Peru. This species grows to a total length of . It is popular as a game fish. This species is the only known mem ...
''
Philippi
Philippi (; grc-gre, Φίλιπποι, ''Philippoi'') was a major Greek city northwest of the nearby island, Thasos. Its original name was Crenides ( grc-gre, Κρηνῖδες, ''Krenides'' "Fountains") after its establishment by Thasian colon ...
, 1887
*
Kyphosinae
''Kyphosus'' is a genus of sea chubs native to the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the only genus in the subfamily Kyphosinae of the family Kyphosidae.
Species
There are currently 16 recognized species in this genus:
* ''Kyphosus ana ...
Jordan, 1887 (rudderfishes)
** Genus ''
Kyphosus
''Kyphosus'' is a genus of sea chubs native to the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific oceans. It is the only genus in the subfamily Kyphosinae of the family Kyphosidae.
Species
There are currently 16 recognized species in this genus:
* '' Kyphosus an ...
Microcanthinae
The Microcanthinae, commonly known as footballers, mados, stripeys, and moonlighters, are a subfamily of the sea chubs, a family of marine ray-finned fish in the order Perciformes.
Taxonomy
Microacanthinae is treated as a subfamily of the sea c ...
Bleeker Bleeker is a Dutch occupational surname. Bleeker is an old spelling of ''(linnen)bleker'' ("linen bleacher").Atypichthys'' Günther, 1862
** Genus ''
Microcanthus
The stripey (''Microcanthus strigatus''), also known as the footballer or convict fish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the subfamily Microcanthinae which is part of the family Kyphosidae. It is native to the Pacific Ocean whe ...
Neatypus
The western footballer (''Neatypus obliquus''), also known as the footballer sweep, is a species of sea chub endemic to southern reefs of Australia, where it can be found down to . It can also be found in the aquarium trade. This species is cur ...
Tilodon
The moonlighter (''Tilodon sexfasciatus''), is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a member of the subfamily Microcanthinae, part of the sea chub family Kyphosidae. It is endemic to southern Australia, where adults can be found on rocky reefs t ...
Scorpidinae
The Scorpidinae, commonly known as halfmoons, knifefishes, and sweeps, are a subfamily of the family Kyphosidae, the sea chubs, a family of marine fish in the order Perciformes. The Scorpidinae are distributed throughout the Pacific and east Ind ...
Günther, 1860 (halfmoons)
** Genus ''
Bathystethus
''Bathystethus'' is a genus of sea chubs native to the Pacific Ocean. Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* '' Bathystethus cultratus'' (Bloch & J. G. Schneider, 1801) (Grey knifefish)
* '' Bathystethus orientale'' ...
'' Gill, 1893
** Genus ''
Labracoglossa
''Labracoglossa'' is a genus of sea chubs native to the western Pacific Ocean.
Species
There are currently two recognized species in this genus:
* '' Labracoglossa argenteiventris'' W. K. H. Peters, 1866
* '' Labracoglossa nitida'' McCulloch
M ...
''
Peters Peters may refer to:
People
* Peters (surname)
* Peters Band, a First Nations band in British Columbia, Canada
Places United States
* Peters, California, a census-designated place
* Peters, Florida, a town
* Peters Township, Kingman County, Kan ...
, 1866
** Genus ''
Medialuna
A medialuna (literally ''half moon'') is crescent-shaped corral used for rodeos, the official sport in Chile. They are generally in diameter. Chilean rodeos are not quite the same sport famous in the American West; they involve two riders on hor ...
Scorpis
''Scorpis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish from the subfamily Scorpidinae of the sea chub family Kyphosidae which are native to the eastern Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
...
''
Valenciennes
Valenciennes (, also , , ; nl, label=also Dutch, Valencijn; pcd, Valincyinnes or ; la, Valentianae) is a commune in the Nord department, Hauts-de-France, France.
It lies on the Scheldt () river. Although the city and region experienced a s ...
1832
Alternative classification
Some authorities raise the subfamilies to full family status as the families Girellidae, Kyphosidae, Microacanthidae and Scorpididae and do not support the
monophyly
In cladistics for a group of organisms, monophyly is the condition of being a clade—that is, a group of taxa composed only of a common ancestor (or more precisely an ancestral population) and all of its lineal descendants. Monophyletic grou ...
of the Kyphosidae as outlined above.
Image:Atypichthys latus (Mado).jpg, '' Atypicthys latus''
Image:Girella zebra PC260079.JPG, ''
Girella zebra
''Girella zebra'', also known as zebrafish or stripey bream, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub in the family Kyphosidae. It lives in the Indo-Pacific, where it is endemic to the coastal waters of the southern parts of Australia. ...
''
Image:Kyphosus cinerascens Réunion.jpg, ''
Kyphosus cinerascens
''Kyphosus cinerascens'' is a species of marine ray-finned fish. It is a sea chub from the family
Family (from la, familia) is a group of people related either by consanguinity (by recognized birth) or affinity (by marriage or other rela ...
Microcanthus strigatus
The stripey (''Microcanthus strigatus''), also known as the footballer or convict fish, is a species of ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the subfamily Microcanthinae which is part of the family Kyphosidae. It is native to the Pacific Ocean wher ...
Scorpis aequipinnis
''Scorpis'' is a genus of marine ray-finned fish from the subfamily Scorpidinae of the sea chub family Kyphosidae which are native to the eastern Indian Ocean and the Pacific Ocean.
Species
The currently recognized species in this genus are:
* ...
''
Image:Sectator azureus.jpg, ''
Sectator azureus
''Kyphosus ocyurus'', the blue-striped chub or rainbow chub, is a species of marine ray-finned fish, a sea chub from the Family (biology), family Kyphosidae. The species is found in the Pacific Ocean where it prefers rocky substrates.
Descriptio ...
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
Pleist.
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...
Paleocene
The Paleocene, ( ) or Palaeocene, is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 66 to 56 mya (unit), million years ago (mya). It is the first epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), E ...
from: -55.8 till: -33.9 color:eocene text:
Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch (geology), epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period (geology), Period in the modern Cenozoic Era (geology), Era. The name ''Eocene' ...
from: -33.9 till: -23.03 color:oligocene text:
Oligocene
The Oligocene ( ) is a geologic epoch of the Paleogene Period and extends from about 33.9 million to 23 million years before the present ( to ). As with other older geologic periods, the rock beds that define the epoch are well identified but the ...
from: -23.03 till: -5.332 color:miocene text:
Miocene
The Miocene ( ) is the first geological epoch of the Neogene Period and extends from about (Ma). The Miocene was named by Scottish geologist Charles Lyell; the name comes from the Greek words (', "less") and (', "new") and means "less recen ...
Pleist.
The Pleistocene ( , often referred to as the ''Ice age'') is the geological epoch that lasted from about 2,580,000 to 11,700 years ago, spanning the Earth's most recent period of repeated glaciations. Before a change was finally confirmed in ...
Paleogene
The Paleogene ( ; British English, also spelled Palaeogene or Palæogene; informally Lower Tertiary or Early Tertiary) is a geologic period, geologic period and system that spans 43 million years from the end of the Cretaceous Period million yea ...
from: -23.03 till: -2.588 color:neogene text:
Neogene
The Neogene ( ), informally Upper Tertiary or Late Tertiary, is a geologic period and system that spans 20.45 million years from the end of the Paleogene Period million years ago ( Mya) to the beginning of the present Quaternary Period Mya. ...